المفردات الضرورية للاختبار TOEFL - الحرب و السلام

a war that is between people who are in the same country

الحرب الأهلية, الحرب الداخلية

a military clash between two nations or countries, usually one that lasts long

صراع, نزاع

the act of fighting a war or battle

معركة, عمل

a serious argument between two sides caused by their different views and beliefs

صراع, تضارب

a fight between different military forces during a war

قتال, مواجهة

to not let any harm come to someone or something

يدافع عن, يحمي

to leave the army, navy, etc. without permission or without fulfilling one's obligations

يهرب, يتخلى عن

a person who is not a member of or not on active duty in armed forces or the police

مدني, شخص مدني

related to the armed forces or soldiers

عسكري

the branch of the armed forces that operates at sea using warships, destroyers, etc.

البحرية, القوات البحرية

the branch of the armed forces that operates in the air using fighter aircraft

القوات الجوية, سلاح الجو

equipped with weapons or firearms

مسلح, مجهز

to find people to join the armed forces

تجنيد, التجنيد

to recruit or engage an individual for service in the military

تجنيد, التحاق

involvement in war, particularly using certain methods or weapons

حرب, قتال

to position soldiers or equipment for military action

نشر, توزيع

to oppose a ruler or government

يتمرد, يثور

to come to power and control in a place using military force

احتلال, سيطرة

to enter a territory using armed forces in order to occupy or take control of it

غزو, اقتحام

to launch a planned and forceful attack against an enemy or target

ضرب, هجم

an order or law that prohibits people from going outside after a specific time, particularly at night

حظر التجول

the process of keeping a community safe and stopping the violence

حفظ السلام, عمليات حفظ السلام

the action or process of saving someone or something

الإنقاذ, النجاة

an act of moving away from a place of conflict duo to danger or defeat

انسحاب, تراجع

to give up resistance or stop fighting against an enemy or opponent

استسلام, خضع

someone who is killed or wounded during a war or an accident

ضحية, مصاب

a very high-ranking officer in the army, the US air force or the marines

جنرال

a middle-ranking officer in the armed forces

رائد

a former member of the armed forces who has fought in a war

محارب قديم, مخضرم

someone who is employed by a government to obtain secret information on another person, country, company, etc.

جاسوس, مخبر

weapons in general, especially those used by the military

أسلحة, سلاح

a chemical substance that can cause explosion

مادة متفجرة

an explosion of something

انفجار, تفجير

a ship that is made for war and has weapons

سفينة حربية, طراد حربي

an explosive weapon capable of hitting a target over long distances, which can be controlled remotely

صاروخ, قذيفة

a piece of military equipment that is put on or just under the ground or in the sea, which explodes when it is touched

لغم, عبوة ناسفة

a death resulting from violence or accident

وفاة, فقدان

a country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out

حليف, شريك

a group of people, organizations, or political parties working together toward their common interests

تحالف, ائتلاف

to gain control of a place or people using armed forces

غزو, استحواذ