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Základní Slovní Zásoba pro TOEFL - Válka a mír

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slovíčka o válce a míru, jako je „action“, „clash“, „navy“ atd., která jsou potřebná ke zkoušce TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
civil war
[Podstatné jméno]

a war that is between people who are in the same country

občanská válka, válka mezi občany

občanská válka, válka mezi občany

Ex: Civil wars typically arise from internal conflicts over political , social , or economic differences within a nation .
conflict
[Podstatné jméno]

a military clash between two nations or countries, usually one that lasts long

konflikt, vojenský střet

konflikt, vojenský střet

action
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of fighting a war or battle

akce, boj

akce, boj

Ex: Diplomats worked to end the action that had devastated the region .
clash
[Podstatné jméno]

a serious argument between two sides caused by their different views and beliefs

střet, konflikt

střet, konflikt

Ex: The board meeting ended abruptly due to clash among the members about the future direction of the company .
combat
[Podstatné jméno]

a fight between different military forces during a war

boj, bitva

boj, bitva

to defend
[sloveso]

to not let any harm come to someone or something

bránit, ochraňovat

bránit, ochraňovat

Ex: The antivirus software is programmed defend the computer from malicious attacks .
to desert
[sloveso]

to leave the army, navy, etc. without permission or without fulfilling one's obligations

dezertovat, opuštět službu

dezertovat, opuštět službu

Ex: She decided desert her homeland army and seek a new life in another country .
civilian
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who is not a member of or not on active duty in armed forces or the police

civilista, civil

civilista, civil

Ex: The report detailed the impact of the war on civilians.
military
[Přídavné jméno]

related to the armed forces or soldiers

vojenský, armádní

vojenský, armádní

Ex: The museum displayed historical military uniforms.
navy
[Podstatné jméno]

the branch of the armed forces that operates at sea using warships, destroyers, etc.

námořnictvo, námořní síly

námořnictvo, námořní síly

Ex: navy's submarines play a vital role in national defense and surveillance .
air force
[Podstatné jméno]

the branch of the armed forces that operates in the air using fighter aircraft

letištní síly, vzdušné síly

letištní síly, vzdušné síly

Ex: air force's precision airstrikes helped to disable key enemy installations .
armed
[Přídavné jméno]

equipped with weapons or firearms

ozbrojený, vyzbrojený

ozbrojený, vyzbrojený

Ex: The SWAT team arrived at the scene armed with tactical gear and assault rifles, prepared for a high-risk operation.
to recruit
[sloveso]

to find people to join the armed forces

naborovat, verbovat

naborovat, verbovat

Ex: The general recruited elite soldiers for the secret mission .
to enlist
[sloveso]

to recruit or engage an individual for service in the military

zapsat, naverbovat

zapsat, naverbovat

Ex: The military commander enlisted a diverse group of individuals , each contributing unique skills to the service .
warfare
[Podstatné jméno]

involvement in war, particularly using certain methods or weapons

válčení, vojenské operace

válčení, vojenské operace

Ex: Psychological warfare aims to demoralize the enemy, using propaganda and misinformation to weaken their resolve.
to deploy
[sloveso]

to position soldiers or equipment for military action

nasadit, dislokovat

nasadit, dislokovat

Ex: After the briefing , the deployed his soldiers to various strategic points .
to rebel
[sloveso]

to oppose a ruler or government

povstat, vzbouřit se

povstat, vzbouřit se

Ex: The group of activists aims to inspire others rebel against systemic injustice .
to occupy
[sloveso]

to come to power and control in a place using military force

obsadit, okupovat

obsadit, okupovat

Ex: The general orchestrated a plan occupy major communication centers , ensuring control over information flow during the takeover .
to invade
[sloveso]

to enter a territory using armed forces in order to occupy or take control of it

invadovat, vstoupit do

invadovat, vstoupit do

Ex: Governments around the world are currently considering whether invade or pursue diplomatic solutions .
to strike
[sloveso]

to launch a planned and forceful attack against an enemy or target

útočit, zasáhnout

útočit, zasáhnout

Ex: The fleet moved in position strike the coastline of the occupied territory .
curfew
[Podstatné jméno]

an order or law that prohibits people from going outside after a specific time, particularly at night

zákaz vycházení, večerní zákaz vycházení

zákaz vycházení, večerní zákaz vycházení

Ex: The soldiers patrolled the city to enforce curfew, checking IDs and ensuring no one was out after hours .
peacekeeping
[Podstatné jméno]

the process of keeping a community safe and stopping the violence

mírové udržování, preventivní úsilí

mírové udržování, preventivní úsilí

rescue
[Podstatné jméno]

the action or process of saving someone or something

záchrana, vysvobození

záchrana, vysvobození

Ex: rescue mission to retrieve the stranded hikers was successful , bringing them back safely .
retreat
[Podstatné jméno]

an act of moving away from a place of conflict duo to danger or defeat

ústup, retraite

ústup, retraite

to surrender
[sloveso]

to give up resistance or stop fighting against an enemy or opponent

vzdát se, kapitulovat

vzdát se, kapitulovat

Ex: The general surrenders to avoid unnecessary conflict .
casualty
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who is killed or wounded during a war or an accident

oběť, raněný

oběť, raněný

Ex: The humanitarian organization released a statement highlighting the casualty numbers in the war-torn area , calling for immediate international assistance .
general
[Podstatné jméno]

a high-ranking officer in the army, Air Force, or Marines

generál, generálmajor

generál, generálmajor

Ex: general received numerous accolades for his service , including the Medal of Honor , the highest military decoration .
major
[Podstatné jméno]

a middle-ranking officer in the armed forces

major, majora

major, majora

Ex: She admired major's dedication and professionalism , traits that made him a respected leader among his peers .
veteran
[Podstatné jméno]

a former member of the armed forces who has fought in a war

veterán, voják

veterán, voják

Ex: She visited the VA hospital regularly to volunteer her time and veterans in need .
spy
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who is employed by a government to obtain secret information on another person, country, company, etc.

špion, špeh

špion, špeh

Ex: spy carefully evaded surveillance while gathering details on a confidential project .
arms
[Podstatné jméno]

weapons in general, especially those used by the military

zbraně, výzbroj

zbraně, výzbroj

Ex: Soldiers were trained extensively in the use of arms before being deployed to the front lines .
explosive
[Podstatné jméno]

a chemical substance that can cause explosion

výbušnina, exploziv

výbušnina, exploziv

blast
[Podstatné jméno]

an explosion of something

výbuch, exploze

výbuch, exploze

warship
[Podstatné jméno]

a ship that is made for war and has weapons

válečná loď, bojová loď

válečná loď, bojová loď

Ex: The navy deployed a warship to strengthen its maritime security .
missile
[Podstatné jméno]

an explosive weapon capable of hitting a target over long distances, which can be controlled remotely

raketa, střela

raketa, střela

mine
[Podstatné jméno]

a piece of military equipment that is put on or just under the ground or in the sea, which explodes when it is touched

mina, nálož

mina, nálož

Ex: The soldiers carefully navigated the area , aware of the mines.
fatality
[Podstatné jméno]

a death resulting from violence or accident

smrtelný případ, úmrtí

smrtelný případ, úmrtí

ally
[Podstatné jméno]

a country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out

spojenec, aliance

spojenec, aliance

Ex: Even in peacetime, the two countries remained close allies, working together on economic and environmental issues.
alliance
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of people, organizations, or political parties working together toward their common interests

aliance, spojenectví

aliance, spojenectví

Ex: The alliance between the two tech companies led to groundbreaking innovations .
to conquer
[sloveso]

to gain control of a place or people using armed forces

dobýt, přemoct

dobýt, přemoct

Ex: Throughout history , powerful empires sought conquer new lands .
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