Essential Vocabulary for TOEFL - War and Peace

Here you will learn some English words about war and peace, such as "action", "clash", "navy", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

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civil war [noun]

a war that is between people who are in the same country

Ex: Civil wars often result in devastating consequences for the affected country , including loss of life and destruction of infrastructure .

conflict [noun]

a hostile encounter between armed forces during a war

Ex:

action [noun]

the act of fighting a war or battle

Ex:

clash [noun]

a serious argument between two sides caused by their different views and beliefs

Ex: The courtroom was tense as the lawyers engaged in a clash over the interpretation of the evidence .

combat [noun]

a fight between different military forces during a war

Ex: Modern combat often involves drones and advanced technology .

to defend [verb]

to not let any harm come to someone or something

Ex: Parents instinctively defend their children from potential threats .

to desert [verb]

to leave the army, navy, etc. without permission or without fulfilling one's obligations

Ex: The soldiers were punished for deserting their duty during the battle .

civilian [noun]

a person who is not a member of or not on active duty in armed forces or the police

Ex: The charity provided aid to civilians affected by the conflict .

military [adjective]

related to the armed forces or soldiers

Ex: Military technology has advanced significantly in recent years .

navy [noun]

the branch of the armed forces that operates at sea using warships, destroyers, etc.

Ex: The navy deployed a fleet of ships to provide humanitarian aid after the natural disaster .

air force [noun]

the branch of the armed forces that operates in the air using fighter aircraft

Ex: The air force played a crucial role in securing air superiority during the conflict .

armed [adjective]

equipped with weapons or firearms

Ex: The soldiers patrolled the border fully armed , their rifles ready for any potential threat .

to recruit [verb]

to find people to join the armed forces

Ex: By the end of the month , they will have recruited enough volunteers .

to enlist [verb]

to recruit or engage an individual for service in the military

Ex: During peacetime , armed forces still actively enlist personnel for training and preparedness .

warfare [noun]

involvement in war, particularly using certain methods or weapons

Ex: Guerrilla warfare tactics were employed by the resistance to effectively harass and undermine the occupying forces .

to deploy [verb]

to position soldiers or equipment for military action

Ex: In response to the threat , the army was ordered to deploy additional units to the border .

to rebel [verb]

to oppose a ruler or government

Ex: The oppressed population began to rebel , seeking autonomy and self-determination .

to occupy [verb]

to come to power and control in a place using military force

Ex: The rebel group aimed to occupy key government buildings , paving the way for a coup .

to invade [verb]

to enter a territory using armed forces in order to occupy or take control of it

Ex: The conquerors were determined to invade the island and claim it for their empire .

to strike [verb]

to launch a planned and forceful attack against an enemy or target

Ex: The troops were ordered to strike the rebel camp with full force .

curfew [noun]

an order or law that prohibits people from going outside after a specific time, particularly at night

Ex: As the clock struck ten , the streets emptied quickly , with everyone rushing home to avoid breaking curfew .

peacekeeping [noun]

the process of keeping a community safe and stopping the violence

rescue [noun]

the action or process of saving someone or something

Ex: After the earthquake , the rescue of survivors from the rubble became the top priority .

retreat [noun]

the military withdrawal of troops to a safer or more strategic position, often following defeat or pressure from a stronger enemy

Ex: The troops began their retreat under heavy fire .

to surrender [verb]

to give up resistance or stop fighting against an enemy or opponent

Ex: The besieged fortress eventually had to surrender due to a lack of supplies .

casualty [noun]

someone who is killed or wounded during a war or an accident

Ex: The military operation was deemed successful , but the casualty report revealed a heartbreaking loss of life among both soldiers and innocent bystanders .

general [noun]

a high-ranking officer in the army, Air Force, or Marines

Ex: The general 's decisions during the conflict were pivotal , showcasing his tactical brilliance and leadership under pressure .

major [noun]

a middle-ranking officer in the armed forces

Ex: The major reviewed the operation plans with his team , emphasizing the importance of precision and timing .

veteran [noun]

a former member of the armed forces who has fought in a war

Ex: The organization provides support services for homeless veterans in the community .

spy [noun]

someone who is employed by a government to obtain secret information on another person, country, company, etc.

Ex: She read a novel about a spy who went undercover to thwart a major heist .

arms [noun]

weapons in general, especially those used by the military

Ex: Soldiers were trained extensively in the use of various arms before being deployed to the front lines .

explosive [noun]

a substance that can cause a sudden and violent release of energy

Ex: The miners used explosives to break apart the rock underground .

blast [noun]

a sudden and violent release of energy, producing an explosion

Ex: The miners escaped uninjured after a small blast underground .

warship [noun]

a ship that is made for war and has weapons

Ex: Crews aboard the warship trained for various emergency situations .

missile [noun]

an explosive weapon capable of hitting a target over long distances, which can be controlled remotely

mine [noun]

a piece of military equipment that is put on or just under the ground or in the sea, which explodes when it is touched

Ex: The mine exploded , causing significant damage to the enemy vehicles .

fatality [noun]

a death resulting from violence or accident

ally [noun]

a country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out

Ex: As an ally , they agreed to assist in military operations and share intelligence .

alliance [noun]

an organization or group of people, countries, or entities united by a formal agreement for mutual benefit

Ex: The alliance of tech firms aims to promote ethical AI development .

to conquer [verb]

to gain control of a place or people using armed forces

Ex: The general 's goal was to conquer the opposing forces and claim victory .

Essential Vocabulary for TOEFL
Family and Relationships	Stages of Life	Personal Characteristics	Feelings and Emotions
Appearance	Clothing and Fashion	Colors and Shapes	Education
Employment	Language and Grammar	The Human Body	Communication
Travel and Tourism	Transportation	Means of Transportation	The Computer World
Society and Social Issues	Healthcare and Medicine	Medical Examinations and Procedures	Physical Conditions and Injuries
Mental Disorders	Physical Disabilities and Illnesses	Geography	Space
The Environment and Weather	The Animal Kingdom	The Art World	Cinema and Theater
Music	Literature	Broadcasting and Journalism	Food and Restaurant
Diet	Agriculture and Plants	Point of View	Cause and Effect
Certainty and Doubt	Suggestions and Rules	Pride and Prejudice	Houses and Buildings
Hobbies and Games	Shopping	The Economy	The Business World
Success and Failure	Politics	Law and Order	Crime and Punishment
War and Peace	Religion	Biology, Physics, and Chemistry	Mathematics and Measurement
Engineering and Research	Athletics	Time and History