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Essential Vocabulary for TOEFL - War and Peace

Here you will learn some English words about war and peace, such as "action", "clash", "navy", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
civil war
civil war
[noun]

a war that is between people who are in the same country

Ex: Civil wars typically arise from internal conflicts over political , social , or economic differences within a nation .
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conflict
conflict
[noun]

a hostile encounter between armed forces during a war

Ex: Peace talks followed the latest conflict.
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action
action
[noun]

the act of fighting a war or battle

Ex: Diplomats worked to end the prolonged action that had devastated the region .
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clash
clash
[noun]

a serious argument between two sides caused by their different views and beliefs

Ex: The board meeting ended abruptly due to a clash among the members about the future direction of the company .
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combat
combat
[noun]

a fight between different military forces during a war

Ex: Medics risk their lives to save others on the combat field .
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to defend
to defend
[Verb]

to not let any harm come to someone or something

Ex: The antivirus software is programmed to defend the computer from malicious attacks .
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to desert
to desert
[Verb]

to leave the army, navy, etc. without permission or without fulfilling one's obligations

Ex: She decided to desert her homeland army and seek a new life in another country .
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civilian
civilian
[noun]

a person who is not a member of or not on active duty in armed forces or the police

Ex: The report detailed the impact of the war on local civilians.
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military
military
[Adjective]

relating to soldiers or the armed forces

Ex: He adopted a military stance during training .
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navy
navy
[noun]

the branch of the armed forces that operates at sea using warships, destroyers, etc.

Ex: The navy's submarines play a vital role in national defense and surveillance .
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air force
air force
[noun]

the branch of the armed forces that operates in the air using fighter aircraft

Ex: The air force's precision airstrikes helped to disable key enemy installations .
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armed
armed
[Adjective]

equipped with weapons or firearms

Ex: The SWAT team arrived at the scene armed with tactical gear and assault rifles, prepared for a high-risk operation.
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to recruit

to find people to join the armed forces

Ex: The general personally recruited elite soldiers for the secret mission .
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to enlist
to enlist
[Verb]

to recruit or engage an individual for service in the military

Ex: The military commander successfully enlisted a diverse group of individuals , each contributing unique skills to the service .
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warfare
warfare
[noun]

involvement in war, particularly using certain methods or weapons

Ex: Psychological warfare aims to demoralize the enemy, using propaganda and misinformation to weaken their resolve.
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to deploy
to deploy
[Verb]

to position soldiers or equipment for military action

Ex: After the briefing , the general deployed his soldiers to various strategic points .
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to rebel
to rebel
[Verb]

to oppose a ruler or government

Ex: The group of activists aims to inspire others to rebel against systemic injustice .
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to occupy
to occupy
[Verb]

to come to power and control in a place using military force

Ex: The general orchestrated a plan to occupy major communication centers , ensuring control over information flow during the takeover .
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to invade
to invade
[Verb]

to enter a territory using armed forces in order to occupy or take control of it

Ex: Governments around the world are currently considering whether to invade or pursue diplomatic solutions .
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to strike
to strike
[Verb]

to launch a planned and forceful attack against an enemy or target

Ex: The fleet moved in position to strike the coastline of the occupied territory .
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curfew
curfew
[noun]

an order or law that prohibits people from going outside after a specific time, particularly at night

Ex: The soldiers patrolled the city to enforce the curfew, checking IDs and ensuring no one was out after hours .
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peacekeeping

the process of keeping a community safe and stopping the violence

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rescue
rescue
[noun]

the action or process of saving someone or something

Ex: The rescue mission to retrieve the stranded hikers was successful, bringing them back safely.
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retreat
retreat
[noun]

the military withdrawal of troops to a safer or more strategic position, often following defeat or pressure from a stronger enemy

Ex: The retreat was well-organized despite the chaos .
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to surrender

to give up resistance or stop fighting against an enemy or opponent

Ex: The general often surrenders to avoid unnecessary conflict .
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casualty
casualty
[noun]

someone who is killed or wounded during a war or an accident

Ex: The humanitarian organization released a statement highlighting the growing casualty numbers in the war-torn area , calling for immediate international assistance .
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general
general
[noun]

a high-ranking officer in the army, Air Force, or Marines

Ex: The general received numerous accolades for his service , including the Medal of Honor , the highest military decoration .
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major
major
[noun]

a middle-ranking officer in the armed forces

Ex: She admired the major's dedication and professionalism , traits that made him a respected leader among his peers .
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veteran
veteran
[noun]

a former member of the armed forces who has fought in a war

Ex: She visited the VA hospital regularly to volunteer her time and support veterans in need .
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spy
spy
[noun]

someone who is employed by a government to obtain secret information on another person, country, company, etc.

Ex: The spy carefully evaded surveillance while gathering details on a confidential project .
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arms
arms
[noun]

weapons in general, especially those used by the military

Ex: Soldiers were trained extensively in the use of various arms before being deployed to the front lines .
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explosive
explosive
[noun]

a substance that can cause a sudden and violent release of energy

Ex: Construction crews rely on controlled explosives for large-scale excavation .
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blast
blast
[noun]

a sudden and violent release of energy, producing an explosion

Ex: Scientists studied the effects of the blast on nearby structures .
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warship
warship
[noun]

a ship that is made for war and has weapons

Ex: The navy deployed a new warship to strengthen its maritime security .
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missile
missile
[noun]

a weapon that carries explosives and can be guided to strike a distant target

Ex: The defense system is designed to detect incoming missiles.
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mine
mine
[noun]

a piece of military equipment that is put on or just under the ground or in the sea, which explodes when it is touched

Ex: The soldiers carefully navigated the area , aware of the hidden mines.
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fatality
fatality
[noun]

a death resulting from violence or accident

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ally
ally
[noun]

a country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out

Ex: Even in peacetime, the two countries remained close allies, working together on economic and environmental issues.
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alliance
alliance
[noun]

an organization or group of people, countries, or entities united by a formal agreement for mutual benefit

Ex: The alliance quickly responded to the crisis with joint forces .
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to conquer

to gain control of a place or people using armed forces

Ex: Throughout history , powerful empires sought to conquer new lands .
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