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El libro English File - Avanzado - Lección 8A

Aquí encontrarás el vocabulario de la Lección 8A del libro de curso English File Advanced, como "moretón", "ataque al corazón", "sarpullido", etc.

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English File - Advanced
health
health
[Sustantivo]

the general condition of a person's mind or body

salud

salud

Ex: Mental health is just as important as physical health and should be prioritized in our daily lives. 

La salud mental es tan importante como la salud física y debe ser priorizada en nuestra vida diaria.

medicine
medicine
[Sustantivo]

the field of science that is concerned with treating injuries and diseases

medicina

medicina

Ex: The field of medicine encompasses various specialties, including surgery, pediatrics, and psychiatry, each focusing on different aspects of patient care. 

El campo de la medicina abarca diversas especialidades, incluida la cirugía, la pediatría y la psiquiatría, cada una centrada en diferentes aspectos de la atención al paciente.

bruise
bruise
[Sustantivo]

an injury on the skin that appears as a dark mark, caused by a blow involving the rupture of vessels underneath

moradura

moradura

Ex: She applied ice to the bruise on her leg to reduce swelling and alleviate some of the pain from the impact. 

Aplicó hielo en el moretón de su pierna para reducir la hinchazón y aliviar parte del dolor del impacto.

rash
rash
[Sustantivo]

a part of one's skin covered with red spots, which is usually caused by a sickness or an allergic reaction

sarpullido, erupción

sarpullido, erupción

Ex: Common types of rashes include eczema, contact dermatitis, heat rash, and viral rashes like measles or chickenpox. 

Los tipos comunes de erupción cutánea incluyen eczema, dermatitis de contacto, sarpullido por calor y erupciones virales como el sarampión o la varicela.

blister
blister
[Sustantivo]

a swollen area on the skin filled with liquid, caused by constant rubbing or by burning

ampolla

ampolla

Ex: Common causes of blisters include wearing ill-fitting shoes, repetitive friction from tools or sports equipment, or exposure to heat. 

Las causas comunes de las ampollas incluyen el uso de zapatos que no ajustan bien, la fricción repetitiva de herramientas o equipos deportivos, o la exposición al calor.

side effect
side effect
[Sustantivo]

a secondary effect of any drug or medicine, usually an undesirable one

efecto secundario

efecto secundario

Ex: After taking the antibiotic, he experienced a mild side effect in the form of an upset stomach, prompting him to call his healthcare provider for advice. 

Después de tomar el antibiótico, experimentó un efecto secundario leve en forma de malestar estomacal, lo que lo llevó a llamar a su proveedor de atención médica para pedir consejo.

small
small
[Adjetivo]

minor or limited in extent, intensity, or amount

pequeño, menor

pequeño, menor

Ex: They made a small change to the design. 

Hicieron un pequeño cambio en el diseño.

cut
cut
[Sustantivo]

the action of opening or penetrating a surface with a sharp edge

corte, incisión

corte, incisión

Ex: With a single cut, the tailor removed the excess fabric. 

Con un solo corte, el sastre retiró el exceso de tela.

deep
deep
[Adjetivo]

having a great distance from the surface to the bottom

profundo

profundo

Ex: The hole they dug in the garden was deep enough to plant the tree securely. 

El agujero que cavaron en el jardín era lo suficientemente profundo para plantar el árbol de forma segura.

throat infection
throat infection
[Sustantivo]

an inflammation of the throat that is typically caused by a viral or bacterial infection

infección de garganta, faringitis

infección de garganta, faringitis

Ex: Symptoms of a throat infection can include redness, swelling, and white patches on the tonsils, along with fever and fatigue. 

Los síntomas de una infección de garganta pueden incluir enrojecimiento, hinchazón y manchas blancas en las amígdalas, junto con fiebre y fatiga.

sprain
sprain
[Sustantivo]

a painful injury resulting in the sudden twist of a bone or joint, particularly one's wrist or ankles

esguince, torcedura

esguince, torcedura

Ex: Rest and ice are important for recovery from a sprain, along with gentle stretching exercises. 

El descanso y el hielo son importantes para la recuperación de un esguince, junto con ejercicios de estiramiento suaves.

ankle
ankle
[Sustantivo]

the joint that connects the foot to the leg

tobillo

tobillo

Ex: He wore a brace to support his injured ankle. 

Usó un aparato ortopédico para apoyar su tobillo lesionado.

broken
broken
[Adjetivo]

(of a thing) physically divided into pieces, because of being damaged, dropped, etc.

roto

roto

Ex: She was sad because her favorite mug was broken. 

Ella estaba triste porque su taza favorita estaba rota.

arm
arm
[Sustantivo]

one of the two body parts that is connected to the shoulder and ends with fingers

brazo

brazo

Ex: She carries the heavy grocery bags with one arm. 

Ella lleva las pesadas bolsas de la compra con un solo brazo.

cold
cold
[Adjetivo]

having a temperature lower than the human body's average temperature

frío

frío

Ex: She bundled up in a scarf and gloves to stay warm in the cold weather. 

Se abrigó con una bufanda y guantes para mantenerse caliente en el clima frío.

flu
flu
[Sustantivo]

an infectious disease similar to a bad cold, causing fever and severe pain

gripe

gripe

Ex: He has a high fever; it might be the flu. 

Tiene fiebre alta; podría ser la gripe.

food poisoning
food poisoning
[Sustantivo]

an illness resulting from the consumption of food or water contaminated with bacteria

intoxicación alimentaria, intoxicación alimenticia

intoxicación alimentaria, intoxicación alimenticia

Ex: Common causes of food poisoning include bacteria such as Salmonella and E. coli found in improperly handled food. 

Las causas comunes de intoxicación alimentaria incluyen bacterias como Salmonella y E. coli que se encuentran en alimentos manipulados incorrectamente.

heart attack
heart attack
[Sustantivo]

a medical emergency that happens when blood flow to the heart is suddenly blocked, which is fatal in some cases

ataque al corazón, infarto

ataque al corazón, infarto

Ex: After his heart attack, he made significant lifestyle changes to improve his health. 

Después de su ataque al corazón, hizo cambios significativos en su estilo de vida para mejorar su salud.

to stroke
to stroke
[Verbo]

to rub gently or caress an animal's fur or hair

acariciar

acariciar

Ex: The horse leaned into the rider's touch as he continued to stroke its mane after the ride. 

El caballo se inclinó hacia el tacto del jinete mientras continuaba acariciando su crin después del paseo.

general practitioner

a physician who is not a specialist but treats people with acute and chronic illnesses who live in a particular area

médico de familia

médico de familia

Ex: Many people rely on their general practitioner for routine check-ups and vaccinations, as they serve as the first point of contact in the healthcare system. 

Muchas personas dependen de su médico de cabecera para los chequeos de rutina y las vacunas, ya que sirven como el primer punto de contacto en el sistema de salud.

specialist
specialist
[Sustantivo]

a doctor who is highly trained in a particular area of medicine

especialista

especialista

Ex: The specialist provided detailed advice on managing the rare disease based on their extensive research. 

El especialista proporcionó asesoramiento detallado sobre el manejo de la enfermedad rara basado en su extensa investigación.

surgeon
surgeon
[Sustantivo]

a doctor who performs medical operation

cirujano

cirujano

Ex: The surgeon used advanced techniques to repair the fractured bone during the procedure. 

El cirujano utilizó técnicas avanzadas para reparar el hueso fracturado durante el procedimiento.

psychiatrist
psychiatrist
[Sustantivo]

a medical doctor who specializes in the treatment of mental illnesses or behavioral disorders

psiquiatra

psiquiatra

Ex: The psychiatrist prescribed medication to alleviate his patient's depression symptoms. 

El psiquiatra recetó medicación para aliviar los síntomas de depresión de su paciente.

simile
simile
[Sustantivo]

a word or phrase that compares two things or people, highlighting the similarities, often introduced by 'like' or 'as'

símil

símil

Ex: Through the simile "as brave as a lion," the writer characterizes the hero's courage and valor in the face of danger. 

A través del símil "tan valiente como un león", el escritor caracteriza el coraje y el valor del héroe frente al peligro.

(as|) stubborn as a mule

very unwilling to change one's mind or accept help

terco como una mula, no da su brazo a torcer

terco como una mula, no da su brazo a torcer

Ex: Don't argue with him tonight; he's being stubborn as a mule. 
(as|) deaf as a post

completely lacking the ability to hear sounds

sordo como una tapia, sordo

sordo como una tapia, sordo

Ex: The old man sat there, deaf as a post, oblivious to the noise. 

El anciano se sentó allí, sordo como una tapia, ajeno al ruido.

(as|) blind as a bat

used to refer to someone who is unable to see well

ciego como un topo, ver muy mal

ciego como un topo, ver muy mal

Ex: My grandfather is blind as a bat these days. 

Últimamente mi abuelo está ciego como un topo.

(as|) fit as a fiddle

used to refer to someone who is very healthy and in good physical condition

fuerte como un roble, en buena forma

fuerte como un roble, en buena forma

Ex: Despite his age, he's still fit as a fiddle. 

A pesar de su edad, sigue tan fuerte como un roble.

(as|) thin as a rake

used to refer to someone who is extremely thin, often in an unhealthy way

escuálido, piel y huesos

escuálido, piel y huesos

Ex: She's been dieting so much that she's become thin as a rake. 

Ha estado haciendo tanta dieta que se ha quedado escuálida.

to [eat] like a (horse|pig)

to eat an excessive amount of food

comer como una lima, comer como un cerdo

comer como una lima, comer como un cerdo

Ex: I skipped lunch, so I ate like a horse at dinner. 

Me salté el almuerzo, así que en la cena comí como una lima.

(as|) good as gold

used to describe a very well-behaved and obedient individual, especially a child

muy obediente, modélico en comportamiento

muy obediente, modélico en comportamiento

Ex: The children were as good as gold during the school trip. 

Los niños se portaron muy bien durante la excursión escolar.

(as|) tough as (old|) boots

(of a person) not easily broken, weakened, or defeated

duro de pelar, difícil de tumbar

duro de pelar, difícil de tumbar

Ex: Don't underestimate her; she's tough as old boots. 

No la subestimes; es dura de pelar.

(as|) (hard|tough) as nails

a tough person who is not easily affected by emotions

duro como un clavo, insensible y fuerte

duro como un clavo, insensible y fuerte

Ex: You have to be as hard as nails to survive in that line of work. 

Tienes que ser duro como un clavo para sobrevivir en ese trabajo.

to [sleep] like a dog

to sleep in a way that one cannot be easily woken up

Ex: After spending the whole weekend relaxing, she felt refreshed and ready to take on the week, having slept like a dog. 
to [drink] like a fish

to drink too much of alcoholic drinks on a regular basis

beber como un cosaco, empinar demasiado el codo

beber como un cosaco, empinar demasiado el codo

Ex: Everyone knows he drinks like a fish after work. 

Todo el mundo sabe que después del trabajo bebe como un cosaco.

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