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C1レベルの単語リスト - 軍事

ここでは、C1レベルの学習者のために準備された「展開する」、「襲撃」、「過激派」などの軍事に関するいくつかの英語の単語を学びます。

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CEFR C1 Vocabulary
atrocity
atrocity
[名詞]

an extremely brutal act, especially in war

残虐行為, 蛮行

残虐行為, 蛮行

Ex: After the war ended, several leaders were put on trial for the atrocities they had sanctioned. 

戦争が終わった後、いくつかの指導者が彼らが承認した残虐行為のために裁判にかけられた。

admiral
admiral
[名詞]

the highest-ranking officer in a fleet

提督, 艦隊の最高位の将校

提督, 艦隊の最高位の将校

Ex: The admiral stood on the deck, surveying the fleet with a sense of pride and responsibility. 

提督はデッキに立ち、誇りと責任感を持って艦隊を眺めた。

colonel
colonel
[名詞]

a senior military officer, typically ranking above lieutenant colonel and below brigadier general

Ex: Colonel Harris addressed the soldiers before the exercise began. 
general
general
[名詞]

a high-ranking officer in the army, air force, or marines

将軍

将軍

Ex: At the military academy, cadets studied the famous battles led by General Patton, learning from his successes and mistakes. 
major
major
[名詞]

a middle-ranking officer in the armed forces

少佐, 司令官

少佐, 司令官

Ex: During the briefing, the major provided detailed intelligence reports that were crucial for the mission's success. 
veteran
veteran
[名詞]

a person who has previously served in the armed forces, especially one who served during a war

Ex: The organization provides housing assistance to military veterans. 
to assassinate

to murder a prominent figure in a sudden attack, usually for political purposes

暗殺する, 殺す

暗殺する, 殺す

Ex: The secret agent was hired to assassinate the political leader during the summit. 

秘密工作員は、サミット中に政治指導者を暗殺するために雇われた。

to blast
to blast
[動詞]

to damage, destroy, or break apart something with explosives

Ex: Workers blasted the rock to clear a route for the new road. 
to blow up
to blow up
[動詞]

to cause something to explode

爆破する, 吹き飛ばす

爆破する, 吹き飛ばす

Ex: The dynamite was used to blow the tunnel entrance up. 

トンネルの入り口を爆破するためにダイナマイトが使われた。

to bombard
to bombard
[動詞]

to drop bombs on someone or something continuously

爆撃する, 連続して爆撃する

爆撃する, 連続して爆撃する

Ex: During the war, the enemy aircraft would bombard the city with relentless airstrikes. 

戦争中、敵機は容赦ない空襲で街を爆撃していました。

to charge
to charge
[動詞]

to attack violently and suddenly in a battle

突撃する, 攻撃する

突撃する, 攻撃する

Ex: The cavalry charged the enemy lines with full force, breaking their formation. 
to conquer
to conquer
[動詞]

to gain control of a place or people using armed forces

征服する, 制圧する

征服する, 制圧する

Ex: The army worked strategically to conquer the enemy's territory. 

軍隊は戦略的に働いて敵の領土を征服した。

to deploy
to deploy
[動詞]

to position soldiers or equipment for military action

展開する, 配置する

展開する, 配置する

Ex: The general decided to deploy the troops along the perimeter for a defensive stance. 

将軍は防御態勢のために周囲に部隊を 展開 することを決めた。

to evacuate
to evacuate
[動詞]

(of armed forces) to empty a dangerous place

避難させる, 撤退する

避難させる, 撤退する

Ex: Outnumbered and ambushed by enemy forces, the military unit had no choice but to evacuate the area. 

数的に劣り、敵軍に待ち伏せされたため、軍事部隊はその地域から撤退するしかなかった。

to execute
to execute
[動詞]

to kill someone as a legal punishment

処刑する

処刑する

Ex: The prisoner was executed after being convicted of treason. 
to mobilize
to mobilize
[動詞]

(of a state) to organize and prepare for a military operation

動員する, 組織する

動員する, 組織する

Ex: In response to the threat, the country decided to mobilize its military forces. 

脅威に対応して、その国は軍事力を動員することを決めた。

to surrender
to surrender
[動詞]

to stop fighting or resisting and accept defeat

降伏する

降伏する

Ex: The soldiers were ordered to surrender before nightfall. 
to retreat
to retreat
[動詞]

(of military forces) to withdraw from a position, especially because of danger, defeat, or enemy pressure

Ex: The army was forced to retreat across the river. 
guerrilla
guerrilla
[名詞]

a member of an unofficial armed group that uses irregular tactics, such as surprise attacks, against regular military or government forces

Ex: The guerrillas operated from remote mountain areas. 
militia
militia
[名詞]

a military group consisting of civilians who have been trained as soldiers to help the army in emergencies

民兵, 国家警備隊

民兵, 国家警備隊

Ex: The militia was mobilized to assist in disaster relief efforts after the earthquake devastated the region. 

地震が地域を壊滅させた後、災害救援活動を支援するために民兵が動員されました。

militant
militant
[形容詞]

displaying violent acts for the sake of a social or political aim

好戦的な, 戦闘的な

好戦的な, 戦闘的な

Ex: His militant rhetoric inflamed tensions among the community, leading to confrontations with opposing groups. 

彼の過激な言辞はコミュニティ内の緊張を煽り、反対グループとの対立を招いた。

naval
naval
[形容詞]

relating to the armed forces that operate at seas or waters in general

海軍の, 海洋に関連する

海軍の, 海洋に関連する

Ex: The naval academy trains officers for service in the navy. 

海軍士官学校は海軍での勤務のために士官を訓練します。

civilian
civilian
[形容詞]

relating to people or activities that are not part of the armed forces

Ex: The government ordered the protection of civilian areas. 
defensive
defensive
[形容詞]

intended or used to protect someone or something against attack or harm

防御の, 守備の

防御の, 守備の

Ex: The country strengthened its defensive capabilities. 
explosive
explosive
[形容詞]

capable of exploding or causing an explosion

Ex: The workers removed several explosive materials from the damaged building. 
A-bomb
A-bomb
[名詞]

a nuclear weapon with great destruction power which is released due to the fission of heavy atoms

原爆, 原子爆弾

原爆, 原子爆弾

Ex: The A-bomb dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 had devastating consequences, leading to widespread destruction and loss of life. 

1945年に広島と長崎に投下された原爆は、広範な破壊と人命の損失をもたらす壊滅的な結果をもたらしました。

rifle
rifle
[名詞]

a long gun suitable for shooting a target over long distances, which is held along shoulder while aiming the target

ライフル, 小銃

ライフル, 小銃

Ex: He adjusted the scope on his rifle before taking aim at the distant target. 

彼は遠くの標的を狙う前に、ライフルのスコープを調整した。

fleet
fleet
[名詞]

a group of naval vessels organized to operate together as a military unit

Ex: The fleet sailed toward the eastern coast. 
raid
raid
[名詞]

a sudden surprise attack on a place or group, especially by an armed force

Ex: The soldiers carried out a raid on the enemy camp before dawn. 
curfew
curfew
[名詞]

an order or law that prohibits people from going outside after a specific time, particularly at night

夜間外出禁止令, 門限

夜間外出禁止令, 門限

Ex: The government imposed a strict curfew, requiring everyone to be indoors by 9 PM to maintain public safety. 

政府は公共の安全を維持するために、午後9時までに全員が屋内にいることを要求する厳格な夜間外出禁止令を課しました。

hostage
hostage
[名詞]

someone held prisoner by a person or group who will be set free if the demands of that person or group are met

人質, 囚人

人質, 囚人

Ex: The kidnappers took several employees hostage during the bank robbery, demanding a ransom for their release. 

誘拐犯は銀行強盗の際に数人の従業員を人質に取り、解放のための身代金を要求した。

torture
torture
[名詞]

the deliberate infliction of severe pain as punishment or to force someone to provide information or comply with demands

Ex: The organization documented numerous cases of torture in detention centers. 
occupation
occupation
[名詞]

the act of invading and controlling a country, city, etc.

占領

占領

Ex: During the occupation, strict curfews and rationing were enforced, severely affecting the daily lives of the population. 
trench
trench
[名詞]

a long narrow hole dug in the ground in which soldiers move and are protected from enemy fire

塹壕, 溝

塹壕, 溝

Ex: The soldiers huddled in the trench, waiting for the signal to advance across no man's land. 

兵士たちは塹壕に集まり、無人地帯を横切って進む合図を待っていました。

truce
truce
[名詞]

an agreement according to which enemies or opponents stop fighting each other for a specific period of time

休戦, 停戦

休戦, 停戦

Ex: After months of intense fighting, the warring factions agreed to a temporary truce to allow humanitarian aid into the region. 

数か月にわたる激しい戦闘の後、交戦中の派閥は、地域に人道支援を入れるための一時的な休戦に合意しました。

to arm
to arm
[動詞]

to provide individuals or groups with weapons, ensuring they have the necessary equipment for defense or offense

武装させる

武装させる

Ex: The security personnel were armed with non-lethal weapons to maintain public order. 
warfare
warfare
[名詞]

involvement in war, particularly using certain methods or weapons

戦争, 武力紛争

戦争, 武力紛争

Ex: Modern warfare often involves advanced technology and cyber attacks, alongside traditional combat. 

現代の戦争は、伝統的な戦闘に加えて、高度な技術とサイバー攻撃を伴うことが多い。

machine gun
machine gun
[名詞]

a gun that automatically and rapidly fires a succession of bullets upon pressing the trigger

機関銃, 自動小銃

機関銃, 自動小銃

Ex: The soldiers used a mounted machine gun to provide covering fire during the assault. 

兵士たちは攻撃の間、援護射撃を提供するために据え付けられた機関銃を使用した。

evacuation
evacuation
[名詞]

the action of transferring people or being transferred to somewhere else to be safe from a dangerous situation

避難

避難

Ex: The coastal town ordered a mandatory evacuation as the hurricane approached, urging residents to seek shelter inland. 

沿岸の町はハリケーンが接近するにつれて強制避難を命じ、住民に内陸部で避難するよう促しました。

command
command
[名詞]

an order, particularly given by someone in a position of authority

命令, 指令

命令, 指令

Ex: The coach's command to run one more lap pushed the team to their physical limits. 
AWOL
AWOL
[形容詞]

(of a soldier) having left one's military duty without being permitted to do so

無断離隊中, 無断で任務離脱

無断離隊中, 無断で任務離脱

Ex: The sergeant reported that two soldiers had gone AWOL overnight. 

軍曹は、兵士二人が夜のうちに無断で任務を離れたと報告した。

ground zero
ground zero
[名詞]

the exact location of a nuclear explosion

グラウンド・ゼロ, 爆心地

グラウンド・ゼロ, 爆心地

Ex: Survivors recounted the devastation at ground zero of the atomic bomb blast in Hiroshima. 

生存者は、広島での原子爆弾爆発の爆心地での惨状を語った。

gunner
gunner
[名詞]

a member of an armed force who is specifically trained to fire large guns

砲手, 砲兵

砲手, 砲兵

Ex: The gunner adjusted the artillery's elevation before firing at the distant target. 

砲手は遠くの標的に発砲する前に砲の仰角を調整した。

blowgun
blowgun
[名詞]

a tube-like weapon through which an arrow is shot if someone breathes in it forcefully

吹き矢, ブローガン

吹き矢, ブローガン

Ex: The indigenous tribe used blowguns for hunting small game in the dense rainforest. 

先住民の部族は、密林で小動物を狩るために 吹き矢 を使用していました。

submachine gun

an automatic gun that is not heavy and can be easily held and carried by hand

サブマシンガン, 軽機関銃

サブマシンガン, 軽機関銃

Ex: The soldier carried a submachine gun during the covert operation to eliminate enemy sentries silently. 

その兵士は、敵の歩哨を静かに排除するための秘密作戦中にサブマシンガンを携行していた。

to station
to station
[動詞]

to send a person to a particular place in order to carry out a duty, particularly a military person

配置する, 派遣する

配置する, 派遣する

Ex: In times of peacekeeping missions, nations station their forces in conflict zones. 
magazine
magazine
[名詞]

the part of a gun containing its bullets

弾倉, マガジン

弾倉, マガジン

Ex: Law enforcement officers undergo regular training on how to quickly reload their firearm's magazine during active shooter situations. 
artillery
artillery
[名詞]

big heavy guns that are attached on top of moving wheels or tracks

砲兵

砲兵

Ex: The artillery barrage shook the ground as the shells rained down on the enemy positions. 

砲兵の弾幕が敵の陣地に降り注ぐ中、地面が揺れた。

nuclear deterrent

a nuclear weapon of a country that is very powerful and serves as a protection against other countries' attacks

核抑止力, 核抑止兵器

核抑止力, 核抑止兵器

Ex: The policy of nuclear deterrent aims to dissuade potential adversaries from launching attacks by maintaining a credible nuclear arsenal. 

核抑止政策は、信頼できる核兵器を維持することで、潜在的な敵対者が攻撃を開始するのを思いとどまらせることを目的としています。

nerve agent
nerve agent
[名詞]

a poisonous chemical that is damaging to the nervous system and is used as a war weapon

神経剤, 神経毒性物質

神経剤, 神経毒性物質

Ex: Nerve agents are highly toxic chemicals that disrupt the nervous system, causing rapid and severe health effects. 

神経剤は神経系を混乱させ、迅速かつ深刻な健康影響を引き起こす非常に毒性の高い化学物質です。

nerve gas
nerve gas
[名詞]

a toxic chemical substance that interferes with the normal functioning of the nervous system

神経ガス

神経ガス

Ex: Nerve gas is a potent chemical weapon designed to disrupt the nervous system of its victims. 

神経ガスは、犠牲者の神経系を混乱させるように設計された強力な化学兵器です。

roger
roger
[間投詞]

used in radio communication to confirm that a message has been received and understood

Ex: "Proceed to runway three."  "Roger." 
ten-four
ten-four
[間投詞]

a radio code used in two-way radio communication as an affirmative response or an indication of understanding

了解, 受信しました

了解, 受信しました

Ex: The dispatcher acknowledged the officer's request with a simple "ten-four" over the radio. 

ディスパッチャーは、無線で簡単な テンフォー を使って警官の要求を認めました。

martial law
martial law
[名詞]

a situation where the military becomes in charge of a country, replacing regular laws with their own rule, in order to maintain order during times of crisis or disturbance

戒厳令, 非常事態宣言

戒厳令, 非常事態宣言

Ex: The government declared martial law to restore order during the civil unrest, granting the military authority over civilian institutions. 

政府は市民の不安を鎮めるために 戒厳令 を宣言し、軍に民間機関に対する権限を与えた。

to discharge
to discharge
[動詞]

to officially release or dismiss someone from the police or armed forces

Ex: He was honorably discharged from the army after ten years of service. 
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