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C1レベルの単語リスト - Military

ここでは、C1 学習者向けに用意された「配備」、「襲撃」、「戦闘員」などの軍事に関する英単語を学習します。

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CEFR C1 Vocabulary
atrocity
[名詞]

an extremely brutal act, especially in war

残虐行為 (ざんぎゃくこうい), 蛮行 (ばんこう)

残虐行為 (ざんぎゃくこうい), 蛮行 (ばんこう)

Ex: The history book detailed atrocities committed during the war , each story more harrowing than the last .
admiral
[名詞]

the highest-ranking officer in a fleet

提督(ていとく), 海軍大将(かいぐんたいしょう)

提督(ていとく), 海軍大将(かいぐんたいしょう)

Ex: The young cadets listened intently as admiral shared his experiences and insights from decades at sea .
colonel
[名詞]

a high-ranking officer in the army, marine corps, or air force, whose rank is between a lieutenant colonel and brigadier general

大佐(たいさ), カーネル

大佐(たいさ), カーネル

Ex: During the ceremony , colonel delivered a heartfelt speech , honoring the bravery and sacrifice of his soldiers .
general
[名詞]

a high-ranking officer in the army, Air Force, or Marines

将軍 (しょうぐん), ゼネラル

将軍 (しょうぐん), ゼネラル

Ex: general received numerous accolades for his service , including the Medal of Honor , the highest military decoration .
major
[名詞]

a middle-ranking officer in the armed forces

中佐(ちゅうさ), メジャー

中佐(ちゅうさ), メジャー

Ex: She admired major's dedication and professionalism , traits that made him a respected leader among his peers .
veteran
[名詞]

a former member of the armed forces who has fought in a war

退役軍人 (たいえきぐんじん),  veterano (退伍軍人)

退役軍人 (たいえきぐんじん), veterano (退伍軍人)

Ex: She visited the VA hospital regularly to volunteer her time and veterans in need .
to assassinate
[動詞]

to murder a prominent figure in a sudden attack, usually for political purposes

暗殺する, 殺害する

暗殺する, 殺害する

Ex: The group of rebels conspired assassinate the ruling monarch .
to blast
[動詞]

to violently damage or destroy something using explosives

爆破する, 吹き飛ばす

爆破する, 吹き飛ばす

Ex: The construction blasted the bedrock to lay the foundation for the skyscraper .
to blow up
[動詞]

to cause something to explode

爆発させる, 吹き飛ばす

爆発させる, 吹き飛ばす

to bombard
[動詞]

to drop bombs on someone or something continuously

爆撃する, 轟炸する

爆撃する, 轟炸する

Ex: In the siege , the castle walls bombarded by catapults and trebuchets .
to charge
[動詞]

to attack violently and suddenly in a battle

突撃する (つぎきする), 襲撃する (しゅうげきする)

突撃する (つぎきする), 襲撃する (しゅうげきする)

Ex: The general ordered his troops charge the enemy 's flank , hoping to gain a tactical advantage .
to conquer
[動詞]

to gain control of a place or people using armed forces

征服する(せいふくする), 攻略する(こうりゃくする)

征服する(せいふくする), 攻略する(こうりゃくする)

Ex: Throughout history , powerful empires sought conquer new lands .
to deploy
[動詞]

to position soldiers or equipment for military action

展開する, 配備する

展開する, 配備する

Ex: After the briefing , the deployed his soldiers to various strategic points .
to evacuate
[動詞]

(of armed forces) to empty a dangerous place

避難させる, 撤退させる

避難させる, 撤退させる

Ex: The military was ordered evacuate potential target areas .
to execute
[動詞]

to kill someone, especially as a legal penalty

処刑する (shokei suru), 執行する (shikkou suru)

処刑する (shokei suru), 執行する (shikkou suru)

Ex: International human rights organizations often condemn governments execute individuals without fair trials or proper legal representation .
to mobilize
[動詞]

(of a state) to organize and prepare for a military operation

動員する, 展開する

動員する, 展開する

Ex: Military exercises were conducted to ensure the efficiency mobilizing forces in times of crisis .
to surrender
[動詞]

to give up resistance or stop fighting against an enemy or opponent

降伏する, 屈服する

降伏する, 屈服する

Ex: The general surrenders to avoid unnecessary conflict .
to retreat
[動詞]

(of military) to move away in order to escape the danger because one has been defeated or is weak

撤退する (てったいする), 後退する (こうたいする)

撤退する (てったいする), 後退する (こうたいする)

Ex: The forces retreated to draw the enemy into less advantageous territory .
guerrilla
[名詞]

a person who participates in irregular fighting as a member of an unofficial military group

ゲリラ, ゲリラ戦士

ゲリラ, ゲリラ戦士

Ex: The documentary explored the motivations and challenges faced by guerrilla fighters in conflict zones .
militia
[名詞]

a military group consisting of civilians who have been trained as soldiers to help the army in emergencies

民兵(みんぺい), 治安部隊(ちあんぶたい)

民兵(みんぺい), 治安部隊(ちあんぶたい)

Ex: The militia responded swiftly to the wildfire , helping to evacuate residents and protect homes from the spreading flames .
militant
[形容詞]

displaying violent acts for the sake of a social or political aim

武闘派の, 過激派の

武闘派の, 過激派の

Ex: militant rhetoric inflamed tensions among the community , leading to confrontations with opposing groups .
naval
[形容詞]

relating to the armed forces that operate at seas or waters in general

海軍に関連する, 海上に関連する

海軍に関連する, 海上に関連する

Ex: Naval architects design ships for various purposes , from cargo transport to military operations .
civilian
[形容詞]

relating to a person who is not a member of the military or police force and does not hold an official position in the government

民間の, 市民の

民間の, 市民の

Ex: He served as civilian volunteer , helping to distribute food and supplies to those in need .
defensive
[形容詞]

designed or used in a way that provides a person or thing with protection against attack

防御的な, 防衛の

防御的な, 防衛の

Ex: He wore a helmet and armor as part of defensive gear during the jousting tournament .
explosive
[形容詞]

having the potential to cause sudden and violent release of energy or force

爆発性の, 爆発的な

爆発性の, 爆発的な

Ex: explosive force of the blast shattered windows in nearby buildings .
A-bomb
[名詞]

a nuclear weapon with great destruction power which is released due to the fission of heavy atoms

原子爆弾 (げんしばくだん), A-bomb (エイボム)

原子爆弾 (げんしばくだん), A-bomb (エイボム)

Ex: The survivors of A-bomb attack continue to advocate for peace and nuclear disarmament to prevent future catastrophes .
rifle
[名詞]

a long gun suitable for shooting a target over long distances, which is held along shoulder while aiming the target

ライフル, 長銃

ライフル, 長銃

Ex: The museum displayed rifles used by soldiers throughout different periods of warfare .
fleet
[名詞]

a group of ships under the command of one high-ranking officer

艦隊 (かんたい), 艦隊群 (かんたいぐん)

艦隊 (かんたい), 艦隊群 (かんたいぐん)

Ex: The expedition set sail with a fleet of vessels , each specialized for different aspects of marine research .
raid
[名詞]

a surprise attack against a place or a group of people

急襲(きゅうしゅう), 襲撃(しゅうげき)

急襲(きゅうしゅう), 襲撃(しゅうげき)

Ex: The historical reenactment included a dramatic portrayal of a raid on a coastal settlement .
curfew
[名詞]

an order or law that prohibits people from going outside after a specific time, particularly at night

夜間外出禁止令 (やかんがいしゅつきんしれい), 宵闇の掟 (よいやみのおきて)

夜間外出禁止令 (やかんがいしゅつきんしれい), 宵闇の掟 (よいやみのおきて)

Ex: The soldiers patrolled the city to enforce curfew, checking IDs and ensuring no one was out after hours .
hostage
[名詞]

someone held prisoner by a person or group who will be set free if the demands of that person or group are met

人質(ひとじち), 囚人(しゅうじん)

人質(ひとじち), 囚人(しゅうじん)

Ex: After hours of negotiation , the police successfully freed hostage and apprehended the criminals .
torture
[名詞]

the act of making someone suffer very much so that they do what one wants

拷問(ごうもん), 苦痛(くつう)

拷問(ごうもん), 苦痛(くつう)

Ex: International organizations work tirelessly to combat the use torture and advocate for its prohibition worldwide .
occupation
[名詞]

the act of invading and controlling a country, city, etc.

占領 (せんりょう), 占拠 (せんきょ)

占領 (せんりょう), 占拠 (せんきょ)

Ex: occupation forces established their headquarters in the capital , using it as a base to control the surrounding regions .
trench
[名詞]

a long narrow hole dug in the ground in which soldiers move and are protected from enemy fire

塹壕(ざんごう), 塹壕(さんごう)

塹壕(ざんごう), 塹壕(さんごう)

Ex: From their position in trench, the troops could see the enemy fortifications just a few hundred yards away .
truce
[名詞]

an agreement according to which enemies or opponents stop fighting each other for a specific period of time

停戦(ていせん), 休戦(きゅうせん)

停戦(ていせん), 休戦(きゅうせん)

Ex: truce was fragile , with both sides wary of each other 's intentions and ready to resume hostilities at any moment .
to arm
[動詞]

to provide individuals or groups with weapons, ensuring they have the necessary equipment for defense or offense

武装する, 装備する

武装する, 装備する

Ex: The resistance movement planned arm local militias to resist foreign occupation .
warfare
[名詞]

involvement in war, particularly using certain methods or weapons

戦争, 戦闘

戦争, 戦闘

Ex: warfare tactics were employed by the resistance to effectively harass and undermine the occupying forces .
machine gun
[名詞]

a gun that automatically and rapidly fires a succession of bullets upon pressing the trigger

機関銃, マシンガン

機関銃, マシンガン

Ex: The machine gun on the vehicle provided crucial firepower support during the convoy 's journey through hostile territory .
evacuation
[名詞]

the action of transferring people or being transferred to somewhere else to be safe from a dangerous situation

避難(ひなん), 移動(いどう)

避難(ひなん), 移動(いどう)

Ex: During the flood , emergency responders used boats to assist with evacuation of residents trapped in their homes .
command
[名詞]

an order, particularly given by someone in a position of authority

命令 (めいれい), 指示 (しじ)

命令 (めいれい), 指示 (しじ)

Ex: The police chief gave a command for officers to maintain order during the protest .
AWOL
[形容詞]

(of a soldier) having left one's military duty without being permitted to do so

無断欠勤の, 脱藩している

無断欠勤の, 脱藩している

Ex: Last month , she AWOL from her military duty , resulting in disciplinary action from her commanding officer .
ground zero
[名詞]

the exact location of a nuclear explosion

原爆投下地点 (げんばくとうかちてん), グラウンド・ゼロ

原爆投下地点 (げんばくとうかちてん), グラウンド・ゼロ

Ex: The documentary interviewed witnesses who were ground zero during the devastating earthquake .
gunner
[名詞]

a member of an armed force who is specifically trained to fire large guns

砲手 (ほうしゅ), 砲兵 (ほうへい)

砲手 (ほうしゅ), 砲兵 (ほうへい)

Ex: Gunners in the tank unit trained rigorously to maintain proficiency in operating their weapons systems .
blowgun
[名詞]

a tube-like weapon through which an arrow is shot if someone breathes in it forcefully

吹き矢, ブロウガン

吹き矢, ブロウガン

Ex: In some regionsblowguns were historically used in warfare as silent weapons for ambushes and surprise attacks .
submachine gun
[名詞]

an automatic gun that is not heavy and can be easily held and carried by hand

サブマシンガン, 短機関銃

サブマシンガン, 短機関銃

Ex: He trained extensively with submachine gun to master its recoil control and quick reload techniques .
to station
[動詞]

to send a person to a particular place in order to carry out a duty, particularly a military person

配属する (はいぞくする), 配置する (はいちする)

配属する (はいぞくする), 配置する (はいちする)

Ex: The stationed units along the perimeter to fortify the defense .
magazine
[名詞]

the part of a gun containing its bullets

マガジン, 弾倉

マガジン, 弾倉

Ex: The hunter carried magazines in his backpack for his rifle during the hunting trip .
artillery
[名詞]

big heavy guns that are attached on top of moving wheels or tracks

砲兵(ほうへい), 重砲(じゅうほう)

砲兵(ほうへい), 重砲(じゅうほう)

Ex: The museum displayed various types of artillery pieces used in different conflicts throughout history .
nuclear deterrent
[名詞]

a nuclear weapon of a country that is very powerful and serves as a protection against other countries' attacks

核抑止力, 核兵器抑止

核抑止力, 核兵器抑止

Ex: The countrynuclear deterrent strategy includes submarines armed with ballistic missiles .
nerve agent
[名詞]

a poisonous chemical that is damaging to the nervous system and is used as a war weapon

神経剤, 神経に害を及ぼす薬物

神経剤, 神経に害を及ぼす薬物

Ex: The international community condemned the use nerve agents against civilian populations , calling for accountability and justice .
nerve gas
[名詞]

a toxic chemical substance that interferes with the normal functioning of the nervous system

神経ガス, 神経毒ガス

神経ガス, 神経毒ガス

Ex: Scientists developed antidotes and treatments to counteract the effects nerve gas exposure in case of emergencies .
roger
[間投詞]

used as a confirmation message in radio communication to indicate that a message has been received and understood

了解(りょうかい), 承知(しょうち)

了解(りょうかい), 承知(しょうち)

ten-four
[間投詞]

a radio code used in two-way radio communication as an affirmative response or an indication of understanding

了解(りょうかい), はい

了解(りょうかい), はい

Ex: The police officer gave a quick ten-four" to confirm they were en route to the scene .
martial law
[名詞]

a situation where the military becomes in charge of a country, replacing regular laws with their own rule, in order to maintain order during times of crisis or disturbance

戒厳令 (かいげんれい), 軍事法 (ぐんじほう)

戒厳令 (かいげんれい), 軍事法 (ぐんじほう)

Ex: Martial law was lifted after several weeks , allowing the gradual return to civilian governance and normalcy .
to discharge
[動詞]

to make someone leave the armed forces or police and relieving them from their duties

除隊する, 辞退する

除隊する, 辞退する

Ex: Due to a medical condition , the servicemember was discharged from the Navy .
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