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Lista Słówek Poziomu C1 - prawo i porządek

Tutaj nauczysz się kilku angielskich słów związanych z prawem i porządkiem, takich jak „sue”, „detain”, „advocate” itp., przygotowanych dla uczniów poziomu C1.

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CEFR C1 Vocabulary
to sue
[Czasownik]

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

pozwalać, występować z powództwem

pozwalać, występować z powództwem

Ex: Last year , the author sued the competitor for plagiarism .
to acquit
[Czasownik]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

uniewinnić, uwolnić od winy

uniewinnić, uwolnić od winy

Ex: The exoneration process ultimately led to the court 's decision acquit the defendant of all charges .
to bail
[Czasownik]

to release someone until their trial after they gave an amount of money to the court

wysłać na wolność za kaucją, wpłacić kaucję

wysłać na wolność za kaucją, wpłacić kaucję

Ex: The lawyer worked quickly bail the defendant , offering the court a substantial sum .
to condemn
[Czasownik]

to give a severe punishment to someone who has committed a major crime

skazać, potępić

skazać, potępić

Ex: The condemned the drug lord to decades behind bars for trafficking large quantities of illegal substances .
to convict
[Czasownik]

to announce officially that someone is guilty of a crime in a court of law

skazać, uznać za winnego

skazać, uznać za winnego

Ex: Over the years , the legal system has convicted high-profile figures for various offenses .
to detain
[Czasownik]

to officially hold someone in a place, such as a jail, and not let them go

aresztować, zatrzymać

aresztować, zatrzymać

Ex: The store security detain shoplifters until the arrival of law enforcement .
to enforce
[Czasownik]

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

egzekwować, wprowadzać w życie

egzekwować, wprowadzać w życie

Ex: Security enforce the venue 's rules to ensure the safety and enjoyment of all attendees .
to legislate
[Czasownik]

to create or bring laws into effect through a formal process

ustanawiać, legislować

ustanawiać, legislować

Ex: The parliament is set legislate a minimum wage increase in the next session .
to prosecute
[Czasownik]

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

oskarżyć, wnosić oskarżenie

oskarżyć, wnosić oskarżenie

Ex: He hired an expert to prosecute the case , ensuring every legal angle was covered .
to testify
[Czasownik]

to make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true

zeznawać, świadczyć

zeznawać, świadczyć

Ex: The court relies on witnesses who are willing testify truthfully for a fair trial .
advocate
[Rzeczownik]

an authorized practitioner of law who defends a person's case in a courtroom

adwokat, pełnomocnik

adwokat, pełnomocnik

Ex: The judge commended advocate for their thorough preparation and professionalism during the trial .

a law enforcement agency controlled by the central government that deals with crimes that involve more than one state

Federalne Biuro Śledcze, FBI

Federalne Biuro Śledcze, FBI

Ex: Federal Bureau of Investigation has a rigorous training program for its new recruits , ensuring they are well-prepared for their duties .
cop
[Rzeczownik]

someone who works as one of the members of a police force

policjant, glina

policjant, glina

Ex: cops worked together to solve the complex case and bring the perpetrator to justice .
plain-clothes
[przymiotnik]

(of a police officer) dressed in civilian clothes while on duty

cywilny, nieoznakowany

cywilny, nieoznakowany

Ex: plain-clothes team infiltrated the criminal organization to gather intelligence on their activities .
handcuff
[Rzeczownik]

a pair of rings made of metal with a chain attached to them, used for putting on the wrists of prisoners

kajdanki, kubki

kajdanki, kubki

Ex: She heard the distinct sound handcuffs clicking shut as the police secured the suspect .
patrol
[Rzeczownik]

the act of going around a place at regular intervals to prevent a crime or wrongdoing from being committed

patrol, obchód

patrol, obchód

Ex: Neighborhood watch volunteers took turns patrolling the streets to deter vandalism and theft.
defendant
[Rzeczownik]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

pozwany, oskarżony

pozwany, oskarżony

Ex: defendant remained composed throughout the trial , maintaining innocence despite the prosecution 's strong arguments .
hangman
[Rzeczownik]

a person whose job is hanging criminals

kat, wieszaniec

kat, wieszaniec

Ex: hangman wore a hood to conceal their identity during the execution process .
juvenile
[Rzeczownik]

a young person who has not reached adulthood yet

nieletni, młodociany

nieletni, młodociany

Ex: The judge sentenced juvenile to community service as part of their probation .
magistrate
[Rzeczownik]

a person who acts as a judge in a law court and deals with minor offenses

sędzia, magistrat

sędzia, magistrat

Ex: Magistrates play a crucial role in the judicial system , handling a wide range of cases from traffic violations to minor criminal offenses .
outlaw
[Rzeczownik]

a person who operates outside the boundaries of established rules and may engage in illegal activities

banita, przestępca

banita, przestępca

Ex: In the 1920s , Al Capone gained notoriety as a outlaw involved in organized crime .
bond
[Rzeczownik]

(law) an amount of money paid to temporarily release a person from prison until their trial

kaucja, obowiązek

kaucja, obowiązek

Ex: The family pooled their resources to pay bond and secure their loved one 's temporary freedom pending trial .
court order
[Rzeczownik]

an order given by a judge or court regarding a case

postanowienie sądowe, zarządzenie sądowe

postanowienie sądowe, zarządzenie sądowe

Ex: court order provided clear instructions on the division of property following the divorce proceedings .
lawsuit
[Rzeczownik]

a complaint or claim that someone brings to a law court for settlement

pozew, sprawa sądowa

pozew, sprawa sądowa

Ex: lawsuit dragged on for years , causing financial strain on both parties involved .
hearing
[Rzeczownik]

(law) an official gathering in a court of law, especially without the presence of the jury, to find out information about a case and listen to evidence

 przesłuchanie,  rozprawa

przesłuchanie, rozprawa

Ex: The judge called for a hearing to determine if the defendant was fit to stand trial .
custody
[Rzeczownik]

a state in which a person is kept in jail or prison, particularly while waiting to be tried

areszt, detencja

areszt, detencja

Ex: The inmate was released custody after serving his sentence .
declaration
[Rzeczownik]

(law) an official written document that people sign to agree on something or accept something as true

deklaracja, oświadczenie

deklaracja, oświadczenie

Ex: The company issued declaration of compliance with industry standards to assure consumers of their product 's safety .
guilt
[Rzeczownik]

the state of having committed an offense or crime

wina, poczucie winy

wina, poczucie winy

Ex: She could n't shake the feeling guilt after the accident , even though it was n't her fault .
innocence
[Rzeczownik]

the state of not being guilty of a crime or offense

niewinność, bez winy

niewinność, bez winy

Ex: She was released from prison after DNA evidence proved innocence.
legalization
[Rzeczownik]

the action or process of making something legal

legalizacja, uzupełnienie prawa

legalizacja, uzupełnienie prawa

Ex: The countrylegalization of abortion was met with both support and opposition from various groups .
pro bono
[przymiotnik]

referring to a legal work that is done free of charge, often by a lawyer

pro bono, bezpłatny

pro bono, bezpłatny

Ex: Pro bono work allows legal professionals to contribute their expertise to important social causes .
plea
[Rzeczownik]

(law) a formal statement made by someone confirming or denying their accusation

wniosek, zarzut

wniosek, zarzut

Ex: The defense attorney argued for a reduction in charges based on the plea bargain negotiated with the prosecution.
testimony
[Rzeczownik]

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

zeznanie, świadectwo

zeznanie, świadectwo

Ex: The defense attorney cross-examined the witness to challenge the credibility of testimony.
verdict
[Rzeczownik]

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

wyrok, orzeczenie

wyrok, orzeczenie

Ex: The media reported on the verdict that set a new precedent in criminal law .
warrant
[Rzeczownik]

an order issued by a judge that authorizes the police to take specific actions

Nakaz, Zezwolenie

Nakaz, Zezwolenie

Ex: He challenged the validity of warrant, arguing that it lacked probable cause .
applicable
[przymiotnik]

relevant to someone or something in a particular context or situation

zastosowany, dotyczący

zastosowany, dotyczący

Ex: These principles applicable across various industries and disciplines .
invalid
[przymiotnik]

officially or legally unacceptable

nieważny, unieważniony

nieważny, unieważniony

Ex: The warranty on the product invalid after the customer attempted to repair it themselves .
judicial
[przymiotnik]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

sądowy, wymiarowy

sądowy, wymiarowy

Ex: Lawyers play a crucial role in presenting arguments and evidence before judicial authorities .
liable
[przymiotnik]

legally held accountable for the cost of something

odpowiedzialny, zobowiązany

odpowiedzialny, zobowiązany

Ex: Businesses can be liable for injuries sustained by customers on their premises .
regulatory
[przymiotnik]

creating and enforcing rules or regulations to control or govern a particular activity or industry

regulacyjny, nadzorczy

regulacyjny, nadzorczy

Ex: The airline industry is subject to regulatory oversight to ensure passenger safety .
undercover
[przymiotnik]

working or conducted secretly under the supervision of a law enforcement agency to gather information or catch criminals

tajny, pod przykryciem

tajny, pod przykryciem

Ex: undercover journalist exposed corruption in the local government through their investigative reporting .
lethal
[przymiotnik]

capable of causing death

śmiertelny, zabójczy

śmiertelny, zabójczy

Ex: The doctor warned that the patient 's cancer had progressed to lethal stage , with limited treatment options available .
to declare
[Czasownik]

to officially tell people something

ogłaszać, zadeklarować

ogłaszać, zadeklarować

Ex: declared his intention to run for mayor in the upcoming election .
hearsay
[Rzeczownik]

(law) restatement of other people's words by a witness in a law court, which is not counted as evidence

oszczerstwo, słyszenie

oszczerstwo, słyszenie

Ex: The defense attorney cross-examined the witness to challenge the credibility of hearsay testimony .
public prosecutor
[Rzeczownik]

a lawyer employed by a government, whose job is to prove that a person is guilty of a crime in a law court

prokurator, oskarżyciel publiczny

prokurator, oskarżyciel publiczny

Ex: public prosecutor's office works closely with law enforcement agencies to gather evidence for trials .
to rat out
[Czasownik]

to inform an authority about the wrongdoings or crimes of others

zdradzić, donieść na

zdradzić, donieść na

Ex: He decided rat out his colleagues involved in the illegal activities .
to pinch
[Czasownik]

to take someone into custody

aresztować, zatrzymać

aresztować, zatrzymać

Ex: The detectives pinched the suspect as he tried to board the train.
class action
[Rzeczownik]

a lawsuit concerning a problem that is shared by a group of people, which is brought to a law court on behalf of all

pozew zbiorowy, powództwo grupowe

pozew zbiorowy, powództwo grupowe

Ex: Class action litigation often involves complex legal issues and extensive discovery processes .
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