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Lista Słówek Poziomu C1 - Prawo i Porządek

Tutaj nauczysz się niektórych angielskich słów o prawie i porządku, takich jak "pozwy", "zatrzymać", "adwokat" itp., przygotowanych dla uczniów na poziomie C1.

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CEFR C1 Vocabulary
to sue
to sue
[Czasownik]

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

pozwać, wytoczyć proces

pozwać, wytoczyć proces

Ex: The dissatisfied customer decided to sue the company for breach of contract. 
to acquit
to acquit
[Czasownik]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

uniewinnić, uznać za niewinnego

uniewinnić, uznać za niewinnego

Ex: The company was accused of wrongdoing, but after a thorough investigation, they were acquitted of any illegal activities. 
to bail
to bail
[Czasownik]

to release someone until their trial after they gave an amount of money to the court

zwolnić za kaucją, zapłacić kaucję

zwolnić za kaucją, zapłacić kaucję

Ex: After being arrested, the accused had the option to bail themselves by paying the required bail. 
to condemn
to condemn
[Czasownik]

to give a severe punishment to someone who has committed a major crime

potępiać, surowo karać

potępiać, surowo karać

Ex: The court condemned the serial killer to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole. 
to convict
to convict
[Czasownik]

to announce officially that someone is guilty of a crime in a court of law

skazać, uznać za winnego

skazać, uznać za winnego

Ex: The jury deliberated and decided to convict the defendant of murder. 
to detain
to detain
[Czasownik]

to officially hold someone in a place, such as a jail, and not let them go

zatrzymywać,  przetrzymywać

zatrzymywać, przetrzymywać

Ex: The immigration officers have the authority to detain individuals entering the country illegally. 
to enforce
to enforce
[Czasownik]

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

egzekwować, zapewniać przestrzeganie

egzekwować, zapewniać przestrzeganie

Ex: The police are tasked with enforcing the laws to maintain public order. 
to legislate
to legislate
[Czasownik]

to create or bring laws into effect through a formal process

ustanawiać prawo, legislować

ustanawiać prawo, legislować

Ex: They are currently legislating new measures to address environmental concerns. 
to prosecute
to prosecute
[Czasownik]

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

oskarżać, ścigać sądownie

oskarżać, ścigać sądownie

Ex: The lawyer was hired to prosecute the case on behalf of the victim’s family. 
to testify
to testify
[Czasownik]

to make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true

zeznawać, świadczyć

zeznawać, świadczyć

Ex: Witnesses are called to testify about what they saw during the accident. 
advocate
advocate
[Rzeczownik]

an authorized practitioner of law who defends a person's case in a courtroom

adwokat, obrońca

adwokat, obrońca

Ex: The advocate presented a compelling argument in defense of his client. 
Federal Bureau of Investigation

a law enforcement agency controlled by the central government that deals with crimes that involve more than one state

Federalne Biuro Śledcze, Biuro Federalnych Dochodzeń

Federalne Biuro Śledcze, Biuro Federalnych Dochodzeń

Ex: The Federal Bureau of Investigation launched an investigation into the high-profile cybercrime case. 
cop
cop
[Rzeczownik]

someone who works as one of the members of a police force

policjant, glina

policjant, glina

Ex: The cop patrolled the neighborhood to ensure the safety of residents. 
plain-clothes
plain-clothes
[przymiotnik]

(of a police officer) dressed in civilian clothes while on duty

po cywilnemu, w cywilnym ubraniu

po cywilnemu, w cywilnym ubraniu

Ex: The detectives dressed in plain-clothes to blend in with the crowd during the undercover operation. 
handcuff
handcuff
[Rzeczownik]

a pair of rings made of metal with a chain attached to them, used for putting on the wrists of prisoners

kajdanki, okowy

kajdanki, okowy

Ex: The police officer placed the suspect's hands in handcuffs after arresting him. 
patrol
patrol
[Rzeczownik]

the act of going around a place at regular intervals to prevent a crime or wrongdoing from being committed

patrol

patrol

Ex: The police officer conducted a patrol of the neighborhood to ensure the safety of residents. 
defendant
defendant
[Rzeczownik]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

pozwan, oskarżony

pozwan, oskarżony

Ex: The defendant pleaded not guilty to the charges of theft and fraud. 
juvenile
juvenile
[Rzeczownik]

a young person who has not reached adulthood yet

nieletni, młody człowiek

nieletni, młody człowiek

Ex: The juvenile was sent to a rehabilitation center after being convicted of vandalism. 
magistrate
magistrate
[Rzeczownik]

a person who acts as a judge in a law court and deals with minor offenses

sędzia, magistrat

sędzia, magistrat

Ex: The magistrate presided over the small claims court, resolving disputes between individuals. 
outlaw
outlaw
[Rzeczownik]

a person who operates outside the boundaries of established rules and may engage in illegal activities

przestępca, bandyta

przestępca, bandyta

Ex: During the Wild West era, many outlaws sought refuge in remote hideouts to evade law enforcement. 
bond
bond
[Rzeczownik]

(law) an amount of money paid to temporarily release a person from prison until their trial

kaucja, poręczenie

kaucja, poręczenie

Ex: The judge set the bail bond at $10,000 for the defendant's release from custody. 
court order
court order
[Rzeczownik]

an order given by a judge or court regarding a case

nakaz sądowy, postanowienie sądu

nakaz sądowy, postanowienie sądu

Ex: The judge issued a court order requiring the company to cease operations until further notice. 
lawsuit
lawsuit
[Rzeczownik]

a complaint or claim that someone brings to a law court for settlement

pozew, sprawa sądowa

pozew, sprawa sądowa

Ex: She filed a lawsuit against the company for wrongful termination. 
hearing
hearing
[Rzeczownik]

(law) an official gathering in a court of law, especially without the presence of the jury, to find out information about a case and listen to evidence

przesłuchanie, posiedzenie

przesłuchanie, posiedzenie

Ex: The judge scheduled a hearing to review the evidence presented by both parties. 
custody
custody
[Rzeczownik]

a state in which a person is kept in jail or prison, particularly while waiting to be tried

areszt, zatrzymanie

areszt, zatrzymanie

Ex: The suspect was placed in custody pending a bail hearing. 
declaration
declaration
[Rzeczownik]

(law) an official written document that people sign to agree on something or accept something as true

deklaracja

deklaracja

Ex: The parties signed a declaration of intent to formalize their agreement. 
guilt
guilt
[Rzeczownik]

the state of having committed an offense or crime

wina

wina

Ex: He confessed his guilt to the crime during the interrogation. 
innocence
innocence
[Rzeczownik]

the state of not being guilty of a crime or offense

niewinność, stan niebycia winnym

niewinność, stan niebycia winnym

Ex: He maintained his innocence throughout the investigation and trial. 
legalization
legalization
[Rzeczownik]

the action or process of making something legal

legalizacja, uprawnienie prawne

legalizacja, uprawnienie prawne

Ex: The legalization of marijuana sparked debates about its potential benefits and drawbacks. 
pro bono
pro bono
[przymiotnik]

referring to a legal work that is done free of charge, often by a lawyer

pro bono, bezpłatny

pro bono, bezpłatny

Ex: The lawyer took on the case pro bono to help the low-income client access legal representation. 
plea
plea
[Rzeczownik]

(law) a formal statement made by someone confirming or denying their accusation

oświadczenie, mowa obrończa

oświadczenie, mowa obrończa

Ex: The defendant entered a plea of not guilty to the charges. 
testimony
testimony
[Rzeczownik]

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

zeznanie, świadectwo

zeznanie, świadectwo

Ex: The witness provided compelling testimony that corroborated the victim's account. 
verdict
verdict
[Rzeczownik]

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

werdykt, orzeczenie

werdykt, orzeczenie

Ex: The jury reached an unanimous verdict of guilty after deliberating for several hours. 
warrant
warrant
[Rzeczownik]

an order issued by a judge that authorizes the police to take specific actions

nakaz

nakaz

Ex: The suspect's criminal history and behavior provided enough grounds to issue a search warrant. 
applicable
applicable
[przymiotnik]

relevant to someone or something in a particular context or situation

zastosowalny, odpowiedni

zastosowalny, odpowiedni

Ex: Please read the instructions carefully and fill out only the sections applicable to your situation. 
invalid
invalid
[przymiotnik]

officially or legally unacceptable

nieważny, bezskuteczny

nieważny, bezskuteczny

Ex: The judge ruled the contract invalid due to discrepancies in its terms. 
judicial
judicial
[przymiotnik]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

sądowy

sądowy

Ex: The judicial branch of government oversees the interpretation and application of laws through courts and judges. 
liable
liable
[przymiotnik]

legally held accountable for the cost of something

odpowiedzialny, zobowiązany

odpowiedzialny, zobowiązany

Ex: The company was found liable for the damages caused by its faulty product. 
regulatory
regulatory
[przymiotnik]

creating and enforcing rules or regulations to control or govern a particular activity or industry

regulacyjny, regulujący

regulacyjny, regulujący

Ex: Compliance with regulatory requirements is essential for businesses operating in the financial sector. 
undercover
undercover
[przymiotnik]

working or conducted secretly under the supervision of a law enforcement agency to gather information or catch criminals

tajny, zakonspirowany

tajny, zakonspirowany

Ex: The undercover agent infiltrated the criminal organization to gather intelligence. 
lethal
lethal
[przymiotnik]

capable of causing death

śmiertelny, zabójczy

śmiertelny, zabójczy

Ex: The chemical spill released a lethal gas into the atmosphere, posing a serious risk to nearby residents. 
to declare
to declare
[Czasownik]

to officially tell people something

ogłaszać, deklarować

ogłaszać, deklarować

Ex: The country's leaders gathered to declare their independence from colonial rule. 
hearsay
hearsay
[Rzeczownik]

(law) restatement of other people's words by a witness in a law court, which is not counted as evidence

pogłoska

pogłoska

Ex: The judge ruled the testimony inadmissible because it was based on hearsay. 
public prosecutor
public prosecutor
[Rzeczownik]

a lawyer employed by a government, whose job is to prove that a person is guilty of a crime in a law court

prokurator, oskarżyciel publiczny

prokurator, oskarżyciel publiczny

Ex: The public prosecutor presented compelling evidence during the trial. 
to rat out
to rat out
[Czasownik]

to inform an authority about the wrongdoings or crimes of others

wsypać, donieść

wsypać, donieść

Ex: He ratted out a pair of colleagues so he could stay out of jail. 
to pinch
to pinch
[Czasownik]

to take someone into custody

aresztować, przyłapać

aresztować, przyłapać

Ex: The police pinched him for shoplifting at the supermarket. 
class action
class action
[Rzeczownik]

a lawsuit concerning a problem that is shared by a group of people, which is brought to a law court on behalf of all

powództwo grupowe, sprawa zbiorowa

powództwo grupowe, sprawa zbiorowa

Ex: The law firm filed a class action lawsuit on behalf of consumers affected by the defective product. 
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