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Seznam Slovíček Úrovně C1 - zákon a pořádek

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slovíčka o zákonu a pořádku, jako je „sue“, „detain“, „advocate“ atd. připravená pro studenty C1.

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CEFR C1 Vocabulary
to sue
[sloveso]

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

žalovat, podat žalobu

žalovat, podat žalobu

Ex: Last year , the author sued the competitor for plagiarism .
to acquit
[sloveso]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

osvobodit, zprostit viny

osvobodit, zprostit viny

Ex: The exoneration process ultimately led to the court 's decision acquit the defendant of all charges .
to bail
[sloveso]

to release someone until their trial after they gave an amount of money to the court

zálohovat, propustit na kauci

zálohovat, propustit na kauci

Ex: The lawyer worked quickly bail the defendant , offering the court a substantial sum .
to condemn
[sloveso]

to give a severe punishment to someone who has committed a major crime

odsoudit, uznat vinným

odsoudit, uznat vinným

Ex: The condemned the drug lord to decades behind bars for trafficking large quantities of illegal substances .
to convict
[sloveso]

to announce officially that someone is guilty of a crime in a court of law

uznat vinným, odsoudit

uznat vinným, odsoudit

Ex: Over the years , the legal system has convicted high-profile figures for various offenses .
to detain
[sloveso]

to officially hold someone in a place, such as a jail, and not let them go

zadržet, zadržovat

zadržet, zadržovat

Ex: The store security detain shoplifters until the arrival of law enforcement .
to enforce
[sloveso]

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

prosazovat, vynucovat

prosazovat, vynucovat

Ex: Security enforce the venue 's rules to ensure the safety and enjoyment of all attendees .
to legislate
[sloveso]

to create or bring laws into effect through a formal process

legislativně upravit, přijmout zákony

legislativně upravit, přijmout zákony

Ex: The parliament is set legislate a minimum wage increase in the next session .
to prosecute
[sloveso]

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

stíhat, prosecutovat

stíhat, prosecutovat

Ex: He hired an expert to prosecute the case , ensuring every legal angle was covered .
to testify
[sloveso]

to make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true

svědčit, dosvědčit

svědčit, dosvědčit

Ex: The court relies on witnesses who are willing testify truthfully for a fair trial .
advocate
[Podstatné jméno]

an authorized practitioner of law who defends a person's case in a courtroom

advokát, obhájce

advokát, obhájce

Ex: The judge commended advocate for their thorough preparation and professionalism during the trial .

a law enforcement agency controlled by the central government that deals with crimes that involve more than one state

Federální úřad pro vyšetřování, Federální vyšetřovací úřad

Federální úřad pro vyšetřování, Federální vyšetřovací úřad

Ex: Federal Bureau of Investigation has a rigorous training program for its new recruits , ensuring they are well-prepared for their duties .
cop
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who works as one of the members of a police force

policista, člen policie

policista, člen policie

Ex: cops worked together to solve the complex case and bring the perpetrator to justice .
plain-clothes
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a police officer) dressed in civilian clothes while on duty

neuniformovaný, v civilu

neuniformovaný, v civilu

Ex: plain-clothes team infiltrated the criminal organization to gather intelligence on their activities .
handcuff
[Podstatné jméno]

a pair of rings made of metal with a chain attached to them, used for putting on the wrists of prisoners

pouta, kouta

pouta, kouta

Ex: She heard the distinct sound handcuffs clicking shut as the police secured the suspect .
patrol
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of going around a place at regular intervals to prevent a crime or wrongdoing from being committed

hlídka, patrola

hlídka, patrola

Ex: Neighborhood watch volunteers took turns patrolling the streets to deter vandalism and theft.
defendant
[Podstatné jméno]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

obžalovaný, žalovaný

obžalovaný, žalovaný

Ex: defendant remained composed throughout the trial , maintaining innocence despite the prosecution 's strong arguments .
hangman
[Podstatné jméno]

a person whose job is hanging criminals

kat, popravič

kat, popravič

Ex: hangman wore a hood to conceal their identity during the execution process .
juvenile
[Podstatné jméno]

a young person who has not reached adulthood yet

juvenil, mladistvý

juvenil, mladistvý

Ex: The judge sentenced juvenile to community service as part of their probation .
magistrate
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who acts as a judge in a law court and deals with minor offenses

soudce, magistrát

soudce, magistrát

Ex: Magistrates play a crucial role in the judicial system , handling a wide range of cases from traffic violations to minor criminal offenses .
outlaw
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who operates outside the boundaries of established rules and may engage in illegal activities

zločinec, vyvrhel

zločinec, vyvrhel

Ex: In the 1920s , Al Capone gained notoriety as a outlaw involved in organized crime .
bond
[Podstatné jméno]

(law) an amount of money paid to temporarily release a person from prison until their trial

bail, kauce

bail, kauce

Ex: The family pooled their resources to pay bond and secure their loved one 's temporary freedom pending trial .
court order
[Podstatné jméno]

an order given by a judge or court regarding a case

soudní příkaz, soudní rozhodnutí

soudní příkaz, soudní rozhodnutí

Ex: court order provided clear instructions on the division of property following the divorce proceedings .
lawsuit
[Podstatné jméno]

a complaint or claim that someone brings to a law court for settlement

žaloba, právní spor

žaloba, právní spor

Ex: lawsuit dragged on for years , causing financial strain on both parties involved .
hearing
[Podstatné jméno]

(law) an official gathering in a court of law, especially without the presence of the jury, to find out information about a case and listen to evidence

řízení, hlavní líčení

řízení, hlavní líčení

Ex: The judge called for a hearing to determine if the defendant was fit to stand trial .
custody
[Podstatné jméno]

a state in which a person is kept in jail or prison, particularly while waiting to be tried

ve vazbě, v péči (v kontextu vězeňské péče)

ve vazbě, v péči (v kontextu vězeňské péče)

Ex: The inmate was released custody after serving his sentence .
declaration
[Podstatné jméno]

(law) an official written document that people sign to agree on something or accept something as true

deklarace, prohlášení

deklarace, prohlášení

Ex: The company issued declaration of compliance with industry standards to assure consumers of their product 's safety .
guilt
[Podstatné jméno]

the state of having committed an offense or crime

vina, odpovědnost

vina, odpovědnost

Ex: She could n't shake the feeling guilt after the accident , even though it was n't her fault .
innocence
[Podstatné jméno]

the state of not being guilty of a crime or offense

nevinost, bezúhonnost

nevinost, bezúhonnost

Ex: She was released from prison after DNA evidence proved innocence.
legalization
[Podstatné jméno]

the action or process of making something legal

legalizace, uzákonění

legalizace, uzákonění

Ex: The countrylegalization of abortion was met with both support and opposition from various groups .
pro bono
[Přídavné jméno]

referring to a legal work that is done free of charge, often by a lawyer

bezplatný, pro bono

bezplatný, pro bono

Ex: Pro bono work allows legal professionals to contribute their expertise to important social causes .
plea
[Podstatné jméno]

(law) a formal statement made by someone confirming or denying their accusation

námitka, žádost o přezkum

námitka, žádost o přezkum

Ex: The defense attorney argued for a reduction in charges based on the plea bargain negotiated with the prosecution.
testimony
[Podstatné jméno]

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

svědectví, výpověď

svědectví, výpověď

Ex: The defense attorney cross-examined the witness to challenge the credibility of testimony.
verdict
[Podstatné jméno]

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

verdikt, rozsudek

verdikt, rozsudek

Ex: The media reported on the verdict that set a new precedent in criminal law .
warrant
[Podstatné jméno]

an order issued by a judge that authorizes the police to take specific actions

příkaz, zatykač

příkaz, zatykač

Ex: He challenged the validity of warrant, arguing that it lacked probable cause .
applicable
[Přídavné jméno]

relevant to someone or something in a particular context or situation

platný, příslušný

platný, příslušný

Ex: These principles applicable across various industries and disciplines .
invalid
[Přídavné jméno]

officially or legally unacceptable

neplatný, neodůvodněný

neplatný, neodůvodněný

Ex: The warranty on the product invalid after the customer attempted to repair it themselves .
judicial
[Přídavné jméno]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

soudní, justiční

soudní, justiční

Ex: Lawyers play a crucial role in presenting arguments and evidence before judicial authorities .
liable
[Přídavné jméno]

legally held accountable for the cost of something

odpovědný, zodpovědný

odpovědný, zodpovědný

Ex: Businesses can be liable for injuries sustained by customers on their premises .
regulatory
[Přídavné jméno]

creating and enforcing rules or regulations to control or govern a particular activity or industry

regulační, předpisový

regulační, předpisový

Ex: The airline industry is subject to regulatory oversight to ensure passenger safety .
undercover
[Přídavné jméno]

working or conducted secretly under the supervision of a law enforcement agency to gather information or catch criminals

tajný, skrytý

tajný, skrytý

Ex: undercover journalist exposed corruption in the local government through their investigative reporting .
lethal
[Přídavné jméno]

capable of causing death

smrtelný, smrtící

smrtelný, smrtící

Ex: The doctor warned that the patient 's cancer had progressed to lethal stage , with limited treatment options available .
to declare
[sloveso]

to officially tell people something

vyhlásit, prohlásit

vyhlásit, prohlásit

Ex: declared his intention to run for mayor in the upcoming election .
hearsay
[Podstatné jméno]

(law) restatement of other people's words by a witness in a law court, which is not counted as evidence

drb, pohádka

drb, pohádka

Ex: The defense attorney cross-examined the witness to challenge the credibility of hearsay testimony .
public prosecutor
[Podstatné jméno]

a lawyer employed by a government, whose job is to prove that a person is guilty of a crime in a law court

veřejný žalobce, státní zástupce

veřejný žalobce, státní zástupce

Ex: public prosecutor's office works closely with law enforcement agencies to gather evidence for trials .
to rat out
[sloveso]

to inform an authority about the wrongdoings or crimes of others

udat, donášet

udat, donášet

Ex: He decided rat out his colleagues involved in the illegal activities .
to pinch
[sloveso]

to take someone into custody

zatknout, zadržet

zatknout, zadržet

Ex: The detectives pinched the suspect as he tried to board the train.
class action
[Podstatné jméno]

a lawsuit concerning a problem that is shared by a group of people, which is brought to a law court on behalf of all

hromadná žaloba, skupinová žaloba

hromadná žaloba, skupinová žaloba

Ex: Class action litigation often involves complex legal issues and extensive discovery processes .
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