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Seznam Slovíček Úrovně C1 - Zákon a Pořádek

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova o zákoně a pořádku, jako je "žalovat", "zadržet", "advokát" atd., připravená pro studenty úrovně C1.

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CEFR C1 Vocabulary
to sue
to sue
[sloveso]

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

žalovat, podat žalobu

žalovat, podat žalobu

Ex: The dissatisfied customer decided to sue the company for breach of contract. 
to acquit
to acquit
[sloveso]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

osvobodit, prohlásit za nevinného

osvobodit, prohlásit za nevinného

Ex: The company was accused of wrongdoing, but after a thorough investigation, they were acquitted of any illegal activities. 
to bail
to bail
[sloveso]

to release someone until their trial after they gave an amount of money to the court

propustit za kauci, zaplatit kauci

propustit za kauci, zaplatit kauci

Ex: After being arrested, the accused had the option to bail themselves by paying the required bail. 
to condemn
to condemn
[sloveso]

to give a severe punishment to someone who has committed a major crime

odsoudit, přísně potrestat

odsoudit, přísně potrestat

Ex: The court condemned the serial killer to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole. 
to convict
to convict
[sloveso]

to announce officially that someone is guilty of a crime in a court of law

odsoudit, prohlásit vinným

odsoudit, prohlásit vinným

Ex: The jury deliberated and decided to convict the defendant of murder. 
to detain
to detain
[sloveso]

to officially hold someone in a place, such as a jail, and not let them go

zadržet,  držet

zadržet, držet

Ex: The immigration officers have the authority to detain individuals entering the country illegally. 
to enforce
to enforce
[sloveso]

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

vynucovat, zajistit dodržování

vynucovat, zajistit dodržování

Ex: The police are tasked with enforcing the laws to maintain public order. 
to legislate
to legislate
[sloveso]

to create or bring laws into effect through a formal process

legislativně působit, přijímat zákony

legislativně působit, přijímat zákony

Ex: They are currently legislating new measures to address environmental concerns. 
to prosecute
to prosecute
[sloveso]

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

stíhat, obvinit

stíhat, obvinit

Ex: The lawyer was hired to prosecute the case on behalf of the victim’s family. 
to testify
to testify
[sloveso]

to make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true

svědčit, vypovídat

svědčit, vypovídat

Ex: Witnesses are called to testify about what they saw during the accident. 
advocate
advocate
[Podstatné jméno]

an authorized practitioner of law who defends a person's case in a courtroom

advokát, obhájce

advokát, obhájce

Ex: The advocate presented a compelling argument in defense of his client. 
Federal Bureau of Investigation

a law enforcement agency controlled by the central government that deals with crimes that involve more than one state

Federální úřad pro vyšetřování, Federální vyšetřovací úřad

Federální úřad pro vyšetřování, Federální vyšetřovací úřad

Ex: The Federal Bureau of Investigation launched an investigation into the high-profile cybercrime case. 
cop
cop
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who works as one of the members of a police force

policista, fíz

policista, fíz

Ex: The cop patrolled the neighborhood to ensure the safety of residents. 
plain-clothes
plain-clothes
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a police officer) dressed in civilian clothes while on duty

v civilu, v civilním oblečení

v civilu, v civilním oblečení

Ex: The detectives dressed in plain-clothes to blend in with the crowd during the undercover operation. 
handcuff
handcuff
[Podstatné jméno]

a pair of rings made of metal with a chain attached to them, used for putting on the wrists of prisoners

pouta, okovy

pouta, okovy

Ex: The police officer placed the suspect's hands in handcuffs after arresting him. 
patrol
patrol
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of going around a place at regular intervals to prevent a crime or wrongdoing from being committed

hlídka

hlídka

Ex: The police officer conducted a patrol of the neighborhood to ensure the safety of residents. 
defendant
defendant
[Podstatné jméno]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

obžalovaný, obviněný

obžalovaný, obviněný

Ex: The defendant pleaded not guilty to the charges of theft and fraud. 
juvenile
juvenile
[Podstatné jméno]

a young person who has not reached adulthood yet

mladistvý, mladý člověk

mladistvý, mladý člověk

Ex: The juvenile was sent to a rehabilitation center after being convicted of vandalism. 
magistrate
magistrate
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who acts as a judge in a law court and deals with minor offenses

soudce, magistrát

soudce, magistrát

Ex: The magistrate presided over the small claims court, resolving disputes between individuals. 
outlaw
outlaw
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who operates outside the boundaries of established rules and may engage in illegal activities

psanec, bandita

psanec, bandita

Ex: During the Wild West era, many outlaws sought refuge in remote hideouts to evade law enforcement. 
bond
bond
[Podstatné jméno]

(law) an amount of money paid to temporarily release a person from prison until their trial

kauce, zástava

kauce, zástava

Ex: The judge set the bail bond at $10,000 for the defendant's release from custody. 
court order
court order
[Podstatné jméno]

an order given by a judge or court regarding a case

soudní příkaz, soudní nařízení

soudní příkaz, soudní nařízení

Ex: The judge issued a court order requiring the company to cease operations until further notice. 
lawsuit
lawsuit
[Podstatné jméno]

a complaint or claim that someone brings to a law court for settlement

žaloba, soudní spor

žaloba, soudní spor

Ex: She filed a lawsuit against the company for wrongful termination. 
hearing
hearing
[Podstatné jméno]

(law) an official gathering in a court of law, especially without the presence of the jury, to find out information about a case and listen to evidence

jednání, zasedání

jednání, zasedání

Ex: The judge scheduled a hearing to review the evidence presented by both parties. 
custody
custody
[Podstatné jméno]

a state in which a person is kept in jail or prison, particularly while waiting to be tried

vazba, zadržení

vazba, zadržení

Ex: The suspect was placed in custody pending a bail hearing. 
declaration
declaration
[Podstatné jméno]

(law) an official written document that people sign to agree on something or accept something as true

prohlášení

prohlášení

Ex: The parties signed a declaration of intent to formalize their agreement. 
guilt
guilt
[Podstatné jméno]

the state of having committed an offense or crime

vina

vina

Ex: He confessed his guilt to the crime during the interrogation. 
innocence
innocence
[Podstatné jméno]

the state of not being guilty of a crime or offense

nevinnost, stav nevinenství

nevinnost, stav nevinenství

Ex: He maintained his innocence throughout the investigation and trial. 
legalization
legalization
[Podstatné jméno]

the action or process of making something legal

legalizace, právní schválení

legalizace, právní schválení

Ex: The legalization of marijuana sparked debates about its potential benefits and drawbacks. 
pro bono
pro bono
[Přídavné jméno]

referring to a legal work that is done free of charge, often by a lawyer

pro bono, zdarma

pro bono, zdarma

Ex: The lawyer took on the case pro bono to help the low-income client access legal representation. 
plea
plea
[Podstatné jméno]

(law) a formal statement made by someone confirming or denying their accusation

prohlášení, obhajoba

prohlášení, obhajoba

Ex: The defendant entered a plea of not guilty to the charges. 
testimony
testimony
[Podstatné jméno]

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

svědectví, výpověď

svědectví, výpověď

Ex: The witness provided compelling testimony that corroborated the victim's account. 
verdict
verdict
[Podstatné jméno]

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

verdikt, rozsudek

verdikt, rozsudek

Ex: The jury reached an unanimous verdict of guilty after deliberating for several hours. 
warrant
warrant
[Podstatné jméno]

an order issued by a judge that authorizes the police to take specific actions

příkaz

příkaz

Ex: The suspect's criminal history and behavior provided enough grounds to issue a search warrant. 
applicable
applicable
[Přídavné jméno]

relevant to someone or something in a particular context or situation

použitelný, relevantní

použitelný, relevantní

Ex: Please read the instructions carefully and fill out only the sections applicable to your situation. 
invalid
invalid
[Přídavné jméno]

officially or legally unacceptable

neplatný, nulový

neplatný, nulový

Ex: The judge ruled the contract invalid due to discrepancies in its terms. 
judicial
judicial
[Přídavné jméno]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

soudní

soudní

Ex: The judicial branch of government oversees the interpretation and application of laws through courts and judges. 
liable
liable
[Přídavné jméno]

legally held accountable for the cost of something

odpovědný, povinný

odpovědný, povinný

Ex: The company was found liable for the damages caused by its faulty product. 
regulatory
regulatory
[Přídavné jméno]

creating and enforcing rules or regulations to control or govern a particular activity or industry

regulační, regulatorní

regulační, regulatorní

Ex: Compliance with regulatory requirements is essential for businesses operating in the financial sector. 
undercover
undercover
[Přídavné jméno]

working or conducted secretly under the supervision of a law enforcement agency to gather information or catch criminals

tajný, krytý

tajný, krytý

Ex: The undercover agent infiltrated the criminal organization to gather intelligence. 
lethal
lethal
[Přídavné jméno]

capable of causing death

smrtelný, smrtící

smrtelný, smrtící

Ex: The chemical spill released a lethal gas into the atmosphere, posing a serious risk to nearby residents. 
to declare
to declare
[sloveso]

to officially tell people something

vyhlásit, prohlásit

vyhlásit, prohlásit

Ex: The country's leaders gathered to declare their independence from colonial rule. 
hearsay
hearsay
[Podstatné jméno]

(law) restatement of other people's words by a witness in a law court, which is not counted as evidence

klepy

klepy

Ex: The judge ruled the testimony inadmissible because it was based on hearsay. 
public prosecutor
public prosecutor
[Podstatné jméno]

a lawyer employed by a government, whose job is to prove that a person is guilty of a crime in a law court

státní zástupce, veřejný žalobce

státní zástupce, veřejný žalobce

Ex: The public prosecutor presented compelling evidence during the trial. 
to rat out
to rat out
[sloveso]

to inform an authority about the wrongdoings or crimes of others

prásknout, udat

prásknout, udat

Ex: He ratted out a pair of colleagues so he could stay out of jail. 
to pinch
to pinch
[sloveso]

to take someone into custody

zatknout, chytit

zatknout, chytit

Ex: The police pinched him for shoplifting at the supermarket. 
class action
class action
[Podstatné jméno]

a lawsuit concerning a problem that is shared by a group of people, which is brought to a law court on behalf of all

hromadná žaloba, kolektivní žaloba

hromadná žaloba, kolektivní žaloba

Ex: The law firm filed a class action lawsuit on behalf of consumers affected by the defective product. 
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