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Listă de Cuvinte Nivel C1 - Lege și Ordine

Aici vei învăța câteva cuvinte în engleză despre lege și ordine, cum ar fi "a da în judecată", "a reține", "avocat" etc., pregătite pentru elevii de nivel C1.

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CEFR C1 Vocabulary
to sue
to sue
[verb]

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

da în judecată, intenta un proces

da în judecată, intenta un proces

Ex: In a personal injury case, the victim may choose to sue the responsible party for compensation. 
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to acquit
to acquit
[verb]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

achita, declara nevinovat

achita, declara nevinovat

Ex: The company was accused of wrongdoing, but after a thorough investigation, they were acquitted of any illegal activities. 

Compania a fost acuzată de nereguli, dar după o anchetă amănunțită, a fost achitată de orice activități ilegale.

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to bail
to bail
[verb]

to release someone until their trial after they gave an amount of money to the court

eliberați sub cauțiune, plăti cauțiunea

eliberați sub cauțiune, plăti cauțiunea

Ex: The family decided to bail their relative by posting the necessary bail bond. 
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to condemn

to officially sentence someone to a particular punishment

condamna,  osândi

condamna, osândi

Ex: The judge condemned the prisoner to twenty years in prison. 
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to convict

to officially find someone guilty of a crime in a court of law

condamna

condamna

Ex: The jury convicted Michael of fraud after a three-week trial. 
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to detain
to detain
[verb]

to officially hold someone in a place, such as a jail, and not let them go

a reține,  a deține

a reține, a deține

Ex: The immigration officers have the authority to detain individuals entering the country illegally. 

Ofițerii de imigrare au autoritatea de a reține persoanele care intră ilegal în țară.

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to enforce

to make sure that a law, rule, or regulation is obeyed

Ex: Police are responsible for enforcing traffic laws. 
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to legislate

to create or bring laws into effect through a formal process

a legifera, a elabora legi

a legifera, a elabora legi

Ex: They are currently legislating new measures to address environmental concerns. 

Ei legiferează în prezent noi măsuri pentru a aborda preocupările legate de mediu.

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to prosecute

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

urmări penal, acuzare

urmări penal, acuzare

Ex: The lawyer was hired to prosecute the case on behalf of the victim’s family. 
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to testify

to make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true

mărturisi, depune mărturie

mărturisi, depune mărturie

Ex: Witnesses are called to testify about what they saw during the accident. 

Martorii sunt chemați să depună mărturie despre ceea ce au văzut în timpul accidentului.

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advocate
advocate
[substantiv]

a lawyer who represents or pleads on behalf of a client in a court of law

avocat,  apărător

avocat, apărător

Ex: The accused was represented by an experienced advocate. 
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Federal Bureau of Investigation

a law enforcement agency controlled by the central government that deals with crimes that involve more than one state

Biroul Federal de Investigații, Oficiul Federal de Investigații

Biroul Federal de Investigații, Oficiul Federal de Investigații

Ex: The Federal Bureau of Investigation launched an investigation into the high-profile cybercrime case. 
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cop
cop
[substantiv]

someone who works as one of the members of a police force

polițist

polițist

Ex: The cop patrolled the neighborhood to ensure the safety of residents. 

Polițistul a patrulat în cartier pentru a asigura siguranța rezidenților.

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plain-clothes
plain-clothes
[adjectiv]

(of a police officer) dressed in civilian clothes while on duty

în civil, în haine civile

în civil, în haine civile

Ex: The detectives dressed in plain-clothes to blend in with the crowd during the undercover operation. 
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handcuff
handcuff
[substantiv]

a pair of rings made of metal with a chain attached to them, used for putting on the wrists of prisoners

cătușe, lanțuri

cătușe, lanțuri

Ex: The police officer placed the suspect's hands in handcuffs after arresting him. 

Polițistul a pus mâinile suspectului în cătușe după ce l-a arestat.

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patrol
patrol
[substantiv]

the act of regularly moving around an area to check for danger, crime, or other problems

patrulă,  rond

patrulă, rond

Ex: Police increased their patrol of the neighborhood at night. 
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defendant
defendant
[substantiv]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

pârât, acuzat

pârât, acuzat

Ex: The courtroom was packed with spectators eager to hear the defendant's testimony. 
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juvenile
juvenile
[substantiv]

a young person who has not reached adulthood yet

minor, tânăr

minor, tânăr

Ex: The juvenile was sent to a rehabilitation center after being convicted of vandalism. 

Juvenilul a fost trimis într-un centru de reabilitare după ce a fost condamnat pentru vandalism.

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magistrate
magistrate
[substantiv]

a judicial official who deals with less serious criminal cases or preliminary legal matters

magistrat,  judecător de pace

magistrat, judecător de pace

Ex: The magistrate ordered him to pay a substantial fine. 
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outlaw
outlaw
[substantiv]

a person who operates outside the boundaries of established rules and may engage in illegal activities

în afara legii, bandit

în afara legii, bandit

Ex: Robin Hood is often romanticized as an outlaw who stole from the rich to give to the poor. 

Robin Hood este adesea romantizat ca un proscris care fura de la bogați pentru a da săracilor.

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bond
bond
[substantiv]

(law) an amount of money paid to temporarily release a person from prison until their trial

cauțiune, garanție

cauțiune, garanție

Ex: The accused was unable to afford the bond and remained in jail until their trial date. 
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court order
court order
[substantiv]

an order given by a judge or court regarding a case

ordin judecătoresc, hotărâre judecătorească

ordin judecătoresc, hotărâre judecătorească

Ex: The judge issued a court order requiring the company to cease operations until further notice. 

Judecătorul a emis o ordin judecătorescă care obligă compania să înceteze operațiunile până la o nouă notificare.

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lawsuit
lawsuit
[substantiv]

a complaint or claim that someone brings to a law court for settlement

proces, acțiune în justiție

proces, acțiune în justiție

Ex: She filed a lawsuit against the company for wrongful termination. 
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hearing
hearing
[substantiv]

(law) an official gathering in a court of law, especially without the presence of the jury, to find out information about a case and listen to evidence

audiere, ședință

audiere, ședință

Ex: The witness testified during the preliminary hearing to provide crucial information about the case. 
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custody
custody
[substantiv]

the state of being kept under legal restraint by the police or other authorities, especially while awaiting trial

arest, detenție

arest, detenție

Ex: The suspect remains in police custody. 
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declaration
declaration
[substantiv]

a signed written statement giving information or affirming that something is true, especially for legal or official purposes

declarație

declarație

Ex: Emma signed a declaration confirming that the information she had provided was accurate. 
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guilt
guilt
[substantiv]

the fact or state of having committed a crime, offense, or other wrongdoing

vină,  culpabilitate

vină, culpabilitate

Ex: The prosecution must prove the defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. 
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innocence
innocence
[substantiv]

the state of not being guilty of a crime or offense

nevinovăție, starea de a nu fi vinovat

nevinovăție, starea de a nu fi vinovat

Ex: He maintained his innocence throughout the investigation and trial. 
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legalization
legalization
[substantiv]

the action or process of making something legal

legalizare, autorizare legală

legalizare, autorizare legală

Ex: The legalization of marijuana sparked debates about its potential benefits and drawbacks. 
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pro bono
pro bono
[adjectiv]

referring to a legal work that is done free of charge, often by a lawyer

pro bono, gratuit

pro bono, gratuit

Ex: The lawyer took on the case pro bono to help the low-income client access legal representation. 
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plea
plea
[substantiv]

a formal answer given in court to a criminal charge, stating whether the accused is guilty or not guilty

declarație

declarație

Ex: The defendant entered a plea of not guilty. 
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testimony
testimony
[substantiv]

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

mărturie, declarație

mărturie, declarație

Ex: The witness provided compelling testimony that corroborated the victim's account. 
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verdict
verdict
[substantiv]

the formal decision reached by a jury in a court case

verdict,  sentință

verdict, sentință

Ex: The jury returned a guilty verdict. 
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warrant
warrant
[substantiv]

an official document authorizing police or another authority to arrest someone, search a place, or take another specified action

mandat,  ordin de arestare

mandat, ordin de arestare

Ex: The judge issued a warrant for Daniel's arrest. 
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applicable
applicable
[adjectiv]

relevant to someone or something in a particular context or situation

aplicabil, relevant

aplicabil, relevant

Ex: Please read the instructions carefully and fill out only the sections applicable to your situation. 
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invalid
invalid
[adjectiv]

officially or legally unacceptable

invalid, nul

invalid, nul

Ex: The judge ruled the contract invalid due to discrepancies in its terms. 
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judicial
judicial
[adjectiv]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

judiciar

judiciar

Ex: The judicial branch of government oversees the interpretation and application of laws through courts and judges. 

Ramura judiciară a guvernului supraveghează interpretarea și aplicarea legilor prin instanțe și judecători.

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liable
liable
[adjectiv]

legally held accountable for the cost of something

responsabil, obligat

responsabil, obligat

Ex: The company was found liable for the damages caused by its faulty product. 
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regulatory
regulatory
[adjectiv]

creating and enforcing rules or regulations to control or govern a particular activity or industry

regulator, de reglementare

regulator, de reglementare

Ex: Compliance with regulatory requirements is essential for businesses operating in the financial sector. 
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undercover
undercover
[adjectiv]

working or conducted secretly under the supervision of a law enforcement agency to gather information or catch criminals

secret, sub acoperire

secret, sub acoperire

Ex: The undercover agent infiltrated the criminal organization to gather intelligence. 

Agentul sub acoperire s-a infiltrat în organizația criminală pentru a colecta informații.

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lethal
lethal
[adjectiv]

capable of causing death

letal, mortifer

letal, mortifer

Ex: Tim's severe allergic reaction to peanuts could be lethal if not treated promptly with an epinephrine injection. 

Reacția alergică severă a lui Tim la arahide ar putea fi letală dacă nu este tratată prompt cu o injecție de epinefrină.

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to declare

to officially tell people something

declara, proclama

declara, proclama

Ex: The government decided to declare a state of emergency in response to the natural disaster. 
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hearsay
hearsay
[substantiv]

(law) restatement of other people's words by a witness in a law court, which is not counted as evidence

zvon

zvon

Ex: The judge ruled the testimony inadmissible because it was based on hearsay. 
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public prosecutor
public prosecutor
[substantiv]

a lawyer employed by a government, whose job is to prove that a person is guilty of a crime in a law court

procuror public, acuzator public

procuror public, acuzator public

Ex: The public prosecutor presented compelling evidence during the trial. 
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to rat out

to inform an authority about the wrongdoings or crimes of others

a denunța pe cineva autorităților, a turna pe cineva

a denunța pe cineva autorităților, a turna pe cineva

Ex: He ratted out a pair of colleagues so he could stay out of jail. 

El a turnat o pereche de colegi pentru a evita închisoarea.

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to pinch
to pinch
[verb]

to take someone into custody

aresta, prinde

aresta, prinde

Ex: The police pinched him for shoplifting at the supermarket. 
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class action
class action
[substantiv]

a lawsuit concerning a problem that is shared by a group of people, which is brought to a law court on behalf of all

acțiune colectivă, acțiune în nume colectiv

acțiune colectivă, acțiune în nume colectiv

Ex: The law firm filed a class action lawsuit on behalf of consumers affected by the defective product. 
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