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C1 Level Wordlist - Law and Order

Here you will learn some English words about law and order, such as "sue", "detain", "advocate", etc. prepared for C1 learners.

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CEFR C1 Vocabulary
to sue
to sue
[Verb]

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

Ex: The dissatisfied customer decided to sue the company for breach of contract. 
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to acquit
to acquit
[Verb]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

Ex: The company was accused of wrongdoing, but after a thorough investigation, they were acquitted of any illegal activities. 
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to bail
to bail
[Verb]

to release someone until their trial after they gave an amount of money to the court

Ex: After being arrested, the accused had the option to bail themselves by paying the required bail. 
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to condemn

to give a severe punishment to someone who has committed a major crime

Ex: The court condemned the serial killer to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole. 
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to convict

to announce officially that someone is guilty of a crime in a court of law

Ex: The jury deliberated and decided to convict the defendant of murder. 
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to detain
to detain
[Verb]

to officially hold someone in a place, such as a jail, and not let them go

Ex: The immigration officers have the authority to detain individuals entering the country illegally. 
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to enforce

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

Ex: The police are tasked with enforcing the laws to maintain public order. 
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to legislate

to create or bring laws into effect through a formal process

Ex: They are currently legislating new measures to address environmental concerns. 
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to prosecute

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

Ex: The lawyer was hired to prosecute the case on behalf of the victim’s family. 
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to testify

to make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true

Ex: Witnesses are called to testify about what they saw during the accident. 
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advocate
advocate
[noun]

an authorized practitioner of law who defends a person's case in a courtroom

Ex: The advocate presented a compelling argument in defense of his client. 
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Federal Bureau of Investigation

a law enforcement agency controlled by the central government that deals with crimes that involve more than one state

Ex: The Federal Bureau of Investigation launched an investigation into the high-profile cybercrime case. 
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cop
cop
[noun]

someone who works as one of the members of a police force

Ex: The cop patrolled the neighborhood to ensure the safety of residents. 
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plain-clothes
plain-clothes
[Adjective]

(of a police officer) dressed in civilian clothes while on duty

Ex: The detectives dressed in plain-clothes to blend in with the crowd during the undercover operation. 
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handcuff
handcuff
[noun]

a pair of rings made of metal with a chain attached to them, used for putting on the wrists of prisoners

Ex: The police officer placed the suspect's hands in handcuffs after arresting him. 
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patrol
patrol
[noun]

the act of going around a place at regular intervals to prevent a crime or wrongdoing from being committed

Ex: The police officer conducted a patrol of the neighborhood to ensure the safety of residents. 
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defendant
defendant
[noun]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

Ex: The defendant pleaded not guilty to the charges of theft and fraud. 
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juvenile
juvenile
[noun]

a young person who has not reached adulthood yet

Ex: The juvenile was sent to a rehabilitation center after being convicted of vandalism. 
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magistrate

a person who acts as a judge in a law court and deals with minor offenses

Ex: The magistrate presided over the small claims court, resolving disputes between individuals. 
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outlaw
outlaw
[noun]

a person who operates outside the boundaries of established rules and may engage in illegal activities

Ex: During the Wild West era, many outlaws sought refuge in remote hideouts to evade law enforcement. 
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bond
bond
[noun]

(law) an amount of money paid to temporarily release a person from prison until their trial

Ex: The judge set the bail bond at $10,000 for the defendant's release from custody. 
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court order

an order given by a judge or court regarding a case

Ex: The judge issued a court order requiring the company to cease operations until further notice. 
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lawsuit
lawsuit
[noun]

a complaint or claim that someone brings to a law court for settlement

Ex: She filed a lawsuit against the company for wrongful termination. 
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hearing
hearing
[noun]

(law) an official gathering in a court of law, especially without the presence of the jury, to find out information about a case and listen to evidence

Ex: The judge scheduled a hearing to review the evidence presented by both parties. 
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custody
custody
[noun]

a state in which a person is kept in jail or prison, particularly while waiting to be tried

Ex: The suspect was placed in custody pending a bail hearing. 
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declaration

(law) an official written document that people sign to agree on something or accept something as true

Ex: The parties signed a declaration of intent to formalize their agreement. 
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guilt
guilt
[noun]

the state of having committed an offense or crime

Ex: He confessed his guilt to the crime during the interrogation. 
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innocence
innocence
[noun]

the state of not being guilty of a crime or offense

Ex: He maintained his innocence throughout the investigation and trial. 
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legalization

the action or process of making something legal

Ex: The legalization of marijuana sparked debates about its potential benefits and drawbacks. 
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pro bono
pro bono
[Adjective]

referring to a legal work that is done free of charge, often by a lawyer

Ex: The lawyer took on the case pro bono to help the low-income client access legal representation. 
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plea
plea
[noun]

(law) a formal statement made by someone confirming or denying their accusation

Ex: The defendant entered a plea of not guilty to the charges. 
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testimony
testimony
[noun]

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

Ex: The witness provided compelling testimony that corroborated the victim's account. 
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verdict
verdict
[noun]

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

Ex: The jury reached an unanimous verdict of guilty after deliberating for several hours. 
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warrant
warrant
[noun]

an order issued by a judge that authorizes the police to take specific actions

Ex: The suspect's criminal history and behavior provided enough grounds to issue a search warrant. 
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applicable
applicable
[Adjective]

relevant to someone or something in a particular context or situation

Ex: Please read the instructions carefully and fill out only the sections applicable to your situation. 
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invalid
invalid
[Adjective]

officially or legally unacceptable

Ex: The judge ruled the contract invalid due to discrepancies in its terms. 
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judicial
judicial
[Adjective]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

Ex: The judicial branch of government oversees the interpretation and application of laws through courts and judges. 
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liable
liable
[Adjective]

legally held accountable for the cost of something

Ex: The company was found liable for the damages caused by its faulty product. 
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regulatory
regulatory
[Adjective]

creating and enforcing rules or regulations to control or govern a particular activity or industry

Ex: Compliance with regulatory requirements is essential for businesses operating in the financial sector. 
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undercover
undercover
[Adjective]

working or conducted secretly under the supervision of a law enforcement agency to gather information or catch criminals

Ex: The undercover agent infiltrated the criminal organization to gather intelligence. 
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lethal
lethal
[Adjective]

capable of causing death

Ex: The chemical spill released a lethal gas into the atmosphere, posing a serious risk to nearby residents. 
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to declare

to officially tell people something

Ex: The country's leaders gathered to declare their independence from colonial rule. 
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hearsay
hearsay
[noun]

(law) restatement of other people's words by a witness in a law court, which is not counted as evidence

Ex: The judge ruled the testimony inadmissible because it was based on hearsay. 
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public prosecutor

a lawyer employed by a government, whose job is to prove that a person is guilty of a crime in a law court

Ex: The public prosecutor presented compelling evidence during the trial. 
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to rat out

to inform an authority about the wrongdoings or crimes of others

Ex: He ratted out a pair of colleagues so he could stay out of jail. 
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to pinch
to pinch
[Verb]

to take someone into custody

Ex: The police pinched him for shoplifting at the supermarket. 
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class action

a lawsuit concerning a problem that is shared by a group of people, which is brought to a law court on behalf of all

Ex: The law firm filed a class action lawsuit on behalf of consumers affected by the defective product. 
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