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C1 Level Wordlist - Law and Order

Here you will learn some English words about law and order, such as "sue", "detain", "advocate", etc. prepared for C1 learners.

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CEFR C1 Vocabulary
to sue
[Verb]

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

Ex: Last year , the author successfully sued the competitor for plagiarism .
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to acquit
[Verb]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

Ex: The exoneration process ultimately led to the court 's decision to acquit the defendant of all charges .
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to bail
[Verb]

to release someone until their trial after they gave an amount of money to the court

Ex: The lawyer worked quickly to bail the defendant , offering the court a substantial sum .
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to give a severe punishment to someone who has committed a major crime

Ex: The court condemned the drug lord to decades behind bars for trafficking large quantities of illegal substances .
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to announce officially that someone is guilty of a crime in a court of law

Ex: Over the years , the legal system has occasionally convicted high-profile figures for various offenses .
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to detain
[Verb]

to officially hold someone in a place, such as a jail, and not let them go

Ex: The store security may detain shoplifters until the arrival of law enforcement .
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to ensure that a law or rule is followed

Ex: Security personnel enforce the venue 's rules to ensure the safety and enjoyment of all attendees .
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to create or bring laws into effect through a formal process

Ex: The parliament is set to legislate a minimum wage increase in the next session .
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to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

Ex: He hired an expert to help prosecute the case , ensuring every legal angle was covered .
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to make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true

Ex: The court relies on witnesses who are willing to testify truthfully for a fair trial .
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advocate
[noun]

an authorized practitioner of law who defends a person's case in a courtroom

Ex: The judge commended the advocate for their thorough preparation and professionalism during the trial .
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a law enforcement agency controlled by the central government that deals with crimes that involve more than one state

Ex: The Federal Bureau of Investigation has a rigorous training program for its new recruits , ensuring they are well-prepared for their duties .
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cop
[noun]

someone who works as one of the members of a police force

Ex: The cops worked together to solve the complex case and bring the perpetrator to justice .
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plain-clothes
[Adjective]

(of a police officer) dressed in civilian clothes while on duty

Ex: The plain-clothes team infiltrated the criminal organization to gather intelligence on their activities .
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handcuff
[noun]

a pair of rings made of metal with a chain attached to them, used for putting on the wrists of prisoners

Ex: She heard the distinct sound of handcuffs clicking shut as the police secured the suspect .
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patrol
[noun]

the act of going around a place at regular intervals to prevent a crime or wrongdoing from being committed

Ex: Neighborhood watch volunteers took turns patrolling the streets to deter vandalism and theft.
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defendant
[noun]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

Ex: The defendant remained composed throughout the trial , maintaining innocence despite the prosecution 's strong arguments .
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juvenile
[noun]

a young person who has not reached adulthood yet

Ex: The judge sentenced the juvenile to community service as part of their probation .
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a person who acts as a judge in a law court and deals with minor offenses

Ex: Magistrates play a crucial role in the judicial system , handling a wide range of cases from traffic violations to minor criminal offenses .
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outlaw
[noun]

a person who operates outside the boundaries of established rules and may engage in illegal activities

Ex: In the 1920s , Al Capone gained notoriety as a Chicago-based outlaw involved in organized crime .
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bond
[noun]

(law) an amount of money paid to temporarily release a person from prison until their trial

Ex: The family pooled their resources to pay the bond and secure their loved one 's temporary freedom pending trial .
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an order given by a judge or court regarding a case

Ex: The court order provided clear instructions on the division of property following the divorce proceedings .
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lawsuit
[noun]

a complaint or claim that someone brings to a law court for settlement

Ex: The lawsuit dragged on for years , causing financial strain on both parties involved .
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hearing
[noun]

(law) an official gathering in a court of law, especially without the presence of the jury, to find out information about a case and listen to evidence

Ex: The judge called for a competency hearing to determine if the defendant was fit to stand trial .
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custody
[noun]

a state in which a person is kept in jail or prison, particularly while waiting to be tried

Ex: The inmate was released from custody after serving his sentence .
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(law) an official written document that people sign to agree on something or accept something as true

Ex: The company issued a declaration of compliance with industry standards to assure consumers of their product 's safety .
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guilt
[noun]

the state of having committed an offense or crime

Ex: She could n't shake the feeling of guilt after the accident , even though it was n't her fault .
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innocence
[noun]

the state of not being guilty of a crime or offense

Ex: She was released from prison after DNA evidence proved her innocence.
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the action or process of making something legal

Ex: The country 's legalization of abortion was met with both support and opposition from various groups .
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pro bono
[Adjective]

referring to a legal work that is done free of charge, often by a lawyer

Ex: Pro bono work allows legal professionals to contribute their expertise to important social causes .
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plea
[noun]

(law) a formal statement made by someone confirming or denying their accusation

Ex: The defense attorney argued for a reduction in charges based on the plea bargain negotiated with the prosecution.
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testimony
[noun]

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

Ex: The defense attorney cross-examined the witness to challenge the credibility of their testimony.
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verdict
[noun]

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

Ex: The media reported on the landmark verdict that set a new precedent in criminal law .
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warrant
[noun]

an order issued by a judge that authorizes the police to take specific actions

Ex: He challenged the validity of the warrant, arguing that it lacked probable cause .
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applicable
[Adjective]

relevant to someone or something in a particular context or situation

Ex: These principles are applicable across various industries and disciplines .
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invalid
[Adjective]

officially or legally unacceptable

Ex: The warranty on the product became invalid after the customer attempted to repair it themselves .
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judicial
[Adjective]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

Ex: Lawyers play a crucial role in presenting arguments and evidence before the judicial authorities .
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liable
[Adjective]

legally held accountable for the cost of something

Ex: Businesses can be held liable for injuries sustained by customers on their premises .
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regulatory
[Adjective]

creating and enforcing rules or regulations to control or govern a particular activity or industry

Ex: The airline industry is subject to strict regulatory oversight to ensure passenger safety .
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undercover
[Adjective]

working or conducted secretly under the supervision of a law enforcement agency to gather information or catch criminals

Ex: The undercover journalist exposed corruption in the local government through their investigative reporting .
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lethal
[Adjective]

capable of causing death

Ex: The doctor warned that the patient 's cancer had progressed to a lethal stage , with limited treatment options available .
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to officially tell people something

Ex: He declared his intention to run for mayor in the upcoming election .
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hearsay
[noun]

(law) restatement of other people's words by a witness in a law court, which is not counted as evidence

Ex: The defense attorney cross-examined the witness to challenge the credibility of their hearsay testimony .
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a lawyer employed by a government, whose job is to prove that a person is guilty of a crime in a law court

Ex: The public prosecutor's office works closely with law enforcement agencies to gather evidence for trials .
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to inform an authority about the wrongdoings or crimes of others

Ex: He decided to rat out his colleagues involved in the illegal activities .
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to pinch
[Verb]

to take someone into custody

Ex: The detectives pinched the suspect as he tried to board the train.
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a lawsuit concerning a problem that is shared by a group of people, which is brought to a law court on behalf of all

Ex: Class action litigation often involves complex legal issues and extensive discovery processes .
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C1 Level Wordlist
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