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فهرست واژگان سطح C1 - نظم و قانون

در اینجا با چند کلمه انگلیسی در مورد قانون و نظم آشنا می شوید، مانند sue، detain، advocate و غیره که برای زبان آموزان C1 آماده شده است.

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آزمون

شروع یادگیری
CEFR C1 Vocabulary
to sue
[فعل]

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

از کسی شکایت کردن

از کسی شکایت کردن

Ex: Last year , the author sued the competitor for plagiarism .
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to acquit
[فعل]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

تبرئه کردن

تبرئه کردن

Ex: The exoneration process ultimately led to the court 's decision acquit the defendant of all charges .
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to bail
[فعل]

to release someone until their trial after they gave an amount of money to the court

به قید ضمانت آزاد کردن

به قید ضمانت آزاد کردن

Ex: The lawyer worked quickly bail the defendant , offering the court a substantial sum .
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to condemn
[فعل]

to give a severe punishment to someone who has committed a major crime

محکوم کردن

محکوم کردن

Ex: The condemned the drug lord to decades behind bars for trafficking large quantities of illegal substances .
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to convict
[فعل]

to announce officially that someone is guilty of a crime in a court of law

محکوم کردن, مجرم شناختن

محکوم کردن, مجرم شناختن

Ex: Over the years , the legal system has convicted high-profile figures for various offenses .
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to detain
[فعل]

to officially hold someone in a place, such as a jail, and not let them go

دستگیر کردن, بازداشت کردن

دستگیر کردن, بازداشت کردن

Ex: The store security detain shoplifters until the arrival of law enforcement .
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to enforce
[فعل]

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

به اجرا درآوردن, پیش بردن، اجرا کردن

به اجرا درآوردن, پیش بردن، اجرا کردن

Ex: Security enforce the venue 's rules to ensure the safety and enjoyment of all attendees .
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to legislate
[فعل]

to create or bring laws into effect through a formal process

قانون وضع کردن, قانون‌گذاری کردن، قانون تصویب کردن

قانون وضع کردن, قانون‌گذاری کردن، قانون تصویب کردن

Ex: The parliament is set legislate a minimum wage increase in the next session .
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to prosecute
[فعل]

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

اقامه دعوی کردن

اقامه دعوی کردن

Ex: He hired an expert to prosecute the case , ensuring every legal angle was covered .
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to testify
[فعل]

to make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true

شهادت دادن (در دادگاه)

شهادت دادن (در دادگاه)

Ex: The court relies on witnesses who are willing testify truthfully for a fair trial .
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advocate
[اسم]

an authorized practitioner of law who defends a person's case in a courtroom

وکیل‌مدافع

وکیل‌مدافع

Ex: The judge commended advocate for their thorough preparation and professionalism during the trial .
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a law enforcement agency controlled by the central government that deals with crimes that involve more than one state

اف‌بی‌آی

اف‌بی‌آی

Ex: Federal Bureau of Investigation has a rigorous training program for its new recruits , ensuring they are well-prepared for their duties .
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cop
[اسم]

someone who works as one of the members of a police force

افسر پلیس

افسر پلیس

Ex: cops worked together to solve the complex case and bring the perpetrator to justice .
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(of a police officer) dressed in civilian clothes while on duty

لباس شخصی

لباس شخصی

Ex: plain-clothes team infiltrated the criminal organization to gather intelligence on their activities .
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handcuff
[اسم]

a pair of rings made of metal with a chain attached to them, used for putting on the wrists of prisoners

دستبند (پلیس)

دستبند (پلیس)

Ex: She heard the distinct sound handcuffs clicking shut as the police secured the suspect .
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patrol
[اسم]

the act of going around a place at regular intervals to prevent a crime or wrongdoing from being committed

گشت (پلیسی و نظامی), گشت‌زنی

گشت (پلیسی و نظامی), گشت‌زنی

Ex: Neighborhood watch volunteers took turns patrolling the streets to deter vandalism and theft.
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defendant
[اسم]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

مدعی‌علیه, مدافع

مدعی‌علیه, مدافع

Ex: defendant remained composed throughout the trial , maintaining innocence despite the prosecution 's strong arguments .
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hangman
[اسم]

a person whose job is hanging criminals

مأمور اعدام

مأمور اعدام

Ex: hangman wore a hood to conceal their identity during the execution process .
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juvenile
[اسم]

a young person who has not reached adulthood yet

نوجوان

نوجوان

Ex: The judge sentenced juvenile to community service as part of their probation .
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magistrate
[اسم]

a person who acts as a judge in a law court and deals with minor offenses

دادرس

دادرس

Ex: Magistrates play a crucial role in the judicial system , handling a wide range of cases from traffic violations to minor criminal offenses .
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outlaw
[اسم]

a person who operates outside the boundaries of established rules and may engage in illegal activities

مجرم, قانون‌شکن

مجرم, قانون‌شکن

Ex: In the 1920s , Al Capone gained notoriety as a outlaw involved in organized crime .
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bond
[اسم]

(law) an amount of money paid to temporarily release a person from prison until their trial

وثیقه قانونی

وثیقه قانونی

Ex: The family pooled their resources to pay bond and secure their loved one 's temporary freedom pending trial .
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court order
[اسم]

an order given by a judge or court regarding a case

حکم دادگاه

حکم دادگاه

Ex: court order provided clear instructions on the division of property following the divorce proceedings .
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lawsuit
[اسم]

a complaint or claim that someone brings to a law court for settlement

دادخواست, شکایت

دادخواست, شکایت

Ex: lawsuit dragged on for years , causing financial strain on both parties involved .
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hearing
[اسم]

(law) an official gathering in a court of law, especially without the presence of the jury, to find out information about a case and listen to evidence

دادرسی, محاکمه

دادرسی, محاکمه

Ex: The judge called for a hearing to determine if the defendant was fit to stand trial .
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custody
[اسم]

a state in which a person is kept in jail or prison, particularly while waiting to be tried

بازداشت

بازداشت

Ex: The inmate was released custody after serving his sentence .
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declaration
[اسم]

(law) an official written document that people sign to agree on something or accept something as true

اظهارنامه

اظهارنامه

Ex: The company issued declaration of compliance with industry standards to assure consumers of their product 's safety .
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guilt
[اسم]

the state of having committed an offense or crime

مجرمیت

مجرمیت

Ex: She could n't shake the feeling guilt after the accident , even though it was n't her fault .
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innocence
[اسم]

the state of not being guilty of a crime or offense

بی‌گناهی

بی‌گناهی

Ex: She was released from prison after DNA evidence proved innocence.
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legalization
[اسم]

the action or process of making something legal

قانونی‌کردن

قانونی‌کردن

Ex: The countrylegalization of abortion was met with both support and opposition from various groups .
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pro bono
[صفت]

referring to a legal work that is done free of charge, often by a lawyer

(وکالت یا انجام امور حقوقی) عام‌المنفعه, (وکالت یا انجام امور حقوقی) رایگان

(وکالت یا انجام امور حقوقی) عام‌المنفعه, (وکالت یا انجام امور حقوقی) رایگان

Ex: Pro bono work allows legal professionals to contribute their expertise to important social causes .
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plea
[اسم]

(law) a formal statement made by someone confirming or denying their accusation

دادخواست

دادخواست

Ex: The defense attorney argued for a reduction in charges based on the plea bargain negotiated with the prosecution.
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testimony
[اسم]

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

شهادت (قانون)

شهادت (قانون)

Ex: The defense attorney cross-examined the witness to challenge the credibility of testimony.
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verdict
[اسم]

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

حکم, قضاوت

حکم, قضاوت

Ex: The media reported on the verdict that set a new precedent in criminal law .
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warrant
[اسم]

an order issued by a judge that authorizes the police to take specific actions

حکم, مجوز، دستور (قانونی)

حکم, مجوز، دستور (قانونی)

Ex: He challenged the validity of warrant, arguing that it lacked probable cause .
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applicable
[صفت]

relevant to someone or something in a particular context or situation

کاربردی, مناسب

کاربردی, مناسب

Ex: These principles applicable across various industries and disciplines .
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invalid
[صفت]

officially or legally unacceptable

نامعتبر, بی‌اعتبار، بدون ارزش قانونی

نامعتبر, بی‌اعتبار، بدون ارزش قانونی

Ex: The warranty on the product invalid after the customer attempted to repair it themselves .
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judicial
[صفت]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

قضائی

قضائی

Ex: Lawyers play a crucial role in presenting arguments and evidence before judicial authorities .
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liable
[صفت]

legally held accountable for the cost of something

مشمول (جریمه و غیره)

مشمول (جریمه و غیره)

Ex: Businesses can be liable for injuries sustained by customers on their premises .
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regulatory
[صفت]

creating and enforcing rules or regulations to control or govern a particular activity or industry

تنظیم‌کننده, کنترل‌کننده

تنظیم‌کننده, کنترل‌کننده

Ex: The airline industry is subject to regulatory oversight to ensure passenger safety .
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undercover
[صفت]

working or conducted secretly under the supervision of a law enforcement agency to gather information or catch criminals

مخفی

مخفی

Ex: undercover journalist exposed corruption in the local government through their investigative reporting .
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lethal
[صفت]

capable of causing death

کشنده, مهلک، مرگ‌بار

کشنده, مهلک، مرگ‌بار

Ex: The doctor warned that the patient 's cancer had progressed to lethal stage , with limited treatment options available .
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to declare
[فعل]

to officially tell people something

اعلام کردن

اعلام کردن

Ex: declared his intention to run for mayor in the upcoming election .
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hearsay
[اسم]

(law) restatement of other people's words by a witness in a law court, which is not counted as evidence

شهادت بر مسموعات

شهادت بر مسموعات

Ex: The defense attorney cross-examined the witness to challenge the credibility of hearsay testimony .
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a lawyer employed by a government, whose job is to prove that a person is guilty of a crime in a law court

دادستان

دادستان

Ex: public prosecutor's office works closely with law enforcement agencies to gather evidence for trials .
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to rat out
[فعل]

to inform an authority about the wrongdoings or crimes of others

زیراب زدن, لو دادن، آدم‌فروشی کردن

زیراب زدن, لو دادن، آدم‌فروشی کردن

Ex: He decided rat out his colleagues involved in the illegal activities .
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to pinch
[فعل]

to take someone into custody

دستگیر کردن, بازداشت کردن

دستگیر کردن, بازداشت کردن

Ex: The detectives pinched the suspect as he tried to board the train.
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class action
[اسم]

a lawsuit concerning a problem that is shared by a group of people, which is brought to a law court on behalf of all

دادخواهی سنخی, دادخواهی سنخی، شکایت جمعی

دادخواهی سنخی, دادخواهی سنخی، شکایت جمعی

Ex: Class action litigation often involves complex legal issues and extensive discovery processes .
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