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Științe Naturale SAT - Astronomie și Științe Aerospațiale

Aici veți învăța câteva cuvinte în engleză legate de astronomie și știința aerospațială, cum ar fi "cometă", "flare", "orbită" etc., de care veți avea nevoie pentru a vă promova testele SAT.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
astronomer
astronomer
[substantiv]

a scientist who studies or observes planets, stars, and other happenings in the universe

astronom

astronom

Ex: The astronomer discovered a new exoplanet using advanced telescope technology. 
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astrophysicist
astrophysicist
[substantiv]

a scientist who studies the physical properties and phenomena of celestial objects and the universe as a whole

astrofizician

astrofizician

Ex: The astrophysicist analyzed data from the telescope to understand the formation of galaxies. 
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planetarium
planetarium
[substantiv]

a device that simulates the motion and appearance of celestial objects such as planets, stars, and galaxies, typically using projectors and optical systems to depict the solar system and universe

planetariu, sală de proiecție astronomică

planetariu, sală de proiecție astronomică

Ex: The planetarium displayed a detailed model of the solar system, showing the orbits of planets around the sun. 
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observatory
observatory
[substantiv]

a building where scientists observe stars, meteors, the weather, etc. using equipment such as telescope

observator

observator

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celestial
celestial
[adjectiv]

related to or occurring in the sky or outer space

ceresc, astral

ceresc, astral

Ex: Celestial navigation uses the positions of stars to determine the direction and location of a vessel. 
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asteroid
asteroid
[substantiv]

any of the rocky bodies orbiting the sun, ranging greatly in diameter, also found in large numbers between Jupiter and Mars

asteroid, corp ceresc stâncos

asteroid, corp ceresc stâncos

Ex: Scientists study asteroids to learn about the early solar system and potential threats to Earth. 
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meteorite
meteorite
[substantiv]

a piece of rock or metal from space that has hit the surface of the earth

meteorit, aerolit

meteorit, aerolit

Ex: Scientists analyzed the composition of the meteorite that fell in the desert last month. 
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supernova
supernova
[substantiv]

an exploding star that as a result is emitting a very large amount of light, more than the sun

supernova

supernova

Ex: A supernova is a powerful explosion that occurs at the end of a massive star's life cycle. 
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constellation
constellation
[substantiv]

a specific group of stars that form a pattern and have a name related to their shape

constelație, grup de stele

constelație, grup de stele

Ex: Orion is a well-known constellation visible in the winter sky. 
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comet
comet
[substantiv]

an object in space that is a mass of ice and dust and when it nears the sun it starts illuminating in the shape of a tail

cometă

cometă

Ex: Halley's Comet is one of the most famous comets, visible from Earth approximately every 76 years. 
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white dwarf
white dwarf
[substantiv]

a small, dense, and faint stellar remnant that is left after a medium-sized star exhausts the nuclear fuel in its core and undergoes gravitational collapse

pitică albă, stea pitică albă

pitică albă, stea pitică albă

Ex: A white dwarf is the final stage in the life cycle of a sun-like star after it has exhausted its nuclear fuel. 
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exoplanet
exoplanet
[substantiv]

a planet that is outside the solar system

exoplanetă, planetă extrasolară

exoplanetă, planetă extrasolară

Ex: Astronomers have discovered thousands of exoplanets orbiting stars beyond our solar system. 
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asteroid belt
asteroid belt
[substantiv]

a region in the solar system located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, populated by numerous small celestial bodies called asteroids

centura de asteroizi, inelul asteroizilor

centura de asteroizi, inelul asteroizilor

Ex: The asteroid belt contains millions of asteroids ranging in size from small rocky fragments to larger bodies several hundred kilometers across. 
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to orbit
to orbit
[verb]

to move around a star, planet, or a large object in space

a orbita, a se învârti în jurul

a orbita, a se învârti în jurul

Ex: The moon orbits around the Earth once every 27.3 days. 
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revolution
revolution
[substantiv]

the orbital movement of a planet, moon, or satellite around another body

revoluție, rotație

revoluție, rotație

Ex: Earth's revolution around the sun takes approximately 365.25 days. 
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ablation
ablation
[substantiv]

the process by which the surface of an object, such as a comet or an asteroid, erodes or vaporizes due to the effects of solar radiation and other environmental factors

ablație, eroziune prin ablație

ablație, eroziune prin ablație

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corona
corona
[substantiv]

the outer layer of the Sun's atmosphere, observable as a plasma halo during a solar eclipse

coroană, atmosfera exterioară a Soarelui

coroană, atmosfera exterioară a Soarelui

Ex: During a total solar eclipse, the corona of the Sun becomes visible as a radiant halo around the moon. 
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flare
flare
[substantiv]

a sudden, brief burst of increased brightness observed from the sun's surface, usually accompanied by a burst of energy and radiation

erupție, strălucire

erupție, strălucire

Ex: The solar flare emitted a powerful burst of radiation. 
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planetary
planetary
[adjectiv]

related to or characteristic of planets or the solar system

planetar, legat de planete

planetar, legat de planete

Ex: Planetary orbits describe the paths that planets follow around the sun. 
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crater
crater
[substantiv]

a depression on the surface of a celestial body, formed by the impact of cosmic debris such as meteoroids or asteroids

crater, depresiune

crater, depresiune

Ex: The Moon's surface is covered with numerous craters of various sizes, formed over billions of years by impacts from space debris. 
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solar mass
solar mass
[substantiv]

a unit of mass used in astronomy, defined as the mass of the Sun

masă solară, unitate de masă solară

masă solară, unitate de masă solară

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extraterrestrial

relating to or originating from outside the Earth or its atmosphere

extraterestru, venit din spațiu

extraterestru, venit din spațiu

Ex: Extraterrestrial life refers to organisms that exist beyond Earth. 
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photosphere
photosphere
[substantiv]

the visible surface of a star, including the Sun, where energy is emitted as light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation

fotosferă, suprafața vizibilă a unei stele

fotosferă, suprafața vizibilă a unei stele

Ex: The photosphere of the Sun appears as a bright, glowing disk when observed with proper solar filters. 
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to eclipse

to overshadow another astrological body

eclipsa, umbri

eclipsa, umbri

Ex: As the planet moved into the line of sight, it began to eclipse the star, diminishing its brightness. 
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annular eclipse
annular eclipse
[substantiv]

a type of solar eclipse where the moon, passing between the earth and the sun, appears smaller than the sun, creating a ring of sunlight around the darkened moon

eclipsă solară inelară, eclipsă anulară

eclipsă solară inelară, eclipsă anulară

Ex: During an annular eclipse, observers in the path of the eclipse see a ring of sunlight encircling the Moon, creating a spectacular "ring of fire" effect. 
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interstellar
interstellar
[adjectiv]

situated or occurring between stars or within the space that exists between stars

interstelar, între stele

interstelar, între stele

Ex: Interstellar travel involves journeying between star systems within the Milky Way galaxy or beyond. 
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Nebula
Nebula
[substantiv]

a glowing cloud of gas and dust in outer space, often the result of a star explosion or formation

nebuloasă, nor de gaz și praf

nebuloasă, nor de gaz și praf

Ex: The Orion Nebula is a famous example of a stellar nursery. 
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aurora
aurora
[substantiv]

a natural light display in the Earth's polar regions, caused by the collision of charged particles from the sun with atoms in the Earth's atmosphere

auroră, auroră polară

auroră, auroră polară

Ex: The breathtaking aurora danced across the night sky, painting it with vibrant hues of green and purple. 
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dwarf planet
dwarf planet
[substantiv]

a celestial body that orbits the Sun and has sufficient mass for its gravity to pull it into a nearly spherical shape

planetă pitică, corp ceresc pitic

planetă pitică, corp ceresc pitic

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tektite
tektite
[substantiv]

a small, natural glassy object formed from terrestrial debris ejected during meteorite impacts, known for its smooth texture and found in strewn fields across the Earth's surface

tectit, sticlă meteoritică

tectit, sticlă meteoritică

Ex: Collectors often seek out tektites for their unique origin and striking appearance. 
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armillary sphere
armillary sphere
[substantiv]

a model of the celestial sphere, historically used to depict and study the positions of celestial objects, consisting of a series of hoops representing important circles in the sky

sferă armilară, armilar

sferă armilară, armilar

Ex: The armillary sphere was used by astronomers in ancient Greece to demonstrate the motions of stars and planets. 
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aeronautics
aeronautics
[substantiv]

the science and practice of designing, building, and operating aircraft, including airplanes and spacecraft

aeronautică, știința aeronautică

aeronautică, știința aeronautică

Ex: Aeronautics engineers work to improve fuel efficiency in aircraft engines. 
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spacecraft
spacecraft
[substantiv]

a vehicle designed to travel in space

navă spațială, vehicul spațial

navă spațială, vehicul spațial

Ex: The spacecraft was launched to explore Mars and collect data about the planet's surface and atmosphere. 
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to launch
to launch
[verb]

to send an object, such as a satellite, missile, etc., into space

lansa, trage

lansa, trage

Ex: The military launched a missile as part of a test exercise. 
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launch pad
launch pad
[substantiv]

a designated area at a spaceport or rocket launch site where rockets or spacecraft are positioned and prepared for liftoff

platformă de lansare, zonă de lansare

platformă de lansare, zonă de lansare

Ex: The astronauts boarded the spacecraft on the launch pad before their mission to the International Space Station. 
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probe
probe
[substantiv]

an unmanned spacecraft or device sent to gather information from space and transmit it back

sondă, sondă spațială

sondă, sondă spațială

Ex: The space agency launched a probe to study Mars. 
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space shuttle
space shuttle
[substantiv]

a vehicle designed and used to go to space and return multiple times

navetă spațială, vehicul spațial reutilizabil

navetă spațială, vehicul spațial reutilizabil

Ex: The Space Shuttle program operated by NASA allowed astronauts to travel to and from space from 1981 to 2011. 
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rover
rover
[substantiv]

a robotic vehicle designed to move across the surface of a celestial body to conduct scientific experiments and gather data

rover, vehicul de explorare

rover, vehicul de explorare

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