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SAT Natural Sciences - Astronomy and Aerospace Science

Here you will learn some English words related to astronomy and aerospace science, such as "comet", "flare", "orbit", etc. that you will need to ace your SATs.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences

a scientist who studies or observes planets, stars, and other happenings in the universe

Ex: astronomers use computer simulations and mathematical models to predict celestial events and phenomena .
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a scientist who studies the physical properties and phenomena of celestial objects and the universe as a whole

Ex: Universities often astrophysicists to teach courses on stellar evolution and the structure of galaxies .
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a device that simulates the motion and appearance of celestial objects such as planets, stars, and galaxies, typically using projectors and optical systems to depict the solar system and universe

Ex: The planetarium software allowed astronomers to visualize complex astronomical phenomena like supernovae and black holes .
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a building where scientists observe stars, meteors, the weather, etc. using equipment such as telescope

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celestial
[Adjective]

related to or occurring in the sky or outer space

Ex: Celestial coordinates , such as right ascension and declination , are used to locate objects in the night sky .
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asteroid
[noun]

any of the rocky bodies orbiting the sun, ranging greatly in diameter, also found in large numbers between Jupiter and Mars

Ex: asteroids contain valuable minerals and resources that could be mined in the future .
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meteorite
[noun]

a piece of rock or metal from space that has hit the surface of the earth

Ex: The study meteorites helps researchers understand the potential hazards of asteroids and comets .
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supernova
[noun]

an exploding star that as a result is emitting a very large amount of light, more than the sun

Ex: Supernovae release enormous amounts of energy, producing heavy elements essential for planetary formation.
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a specific group of stars that form a pattern and have a name related to their shape

Ex: constellation Cassiopeia forms a distinct " W " shape in the northern sky .
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comet
[noun]

an object in space that is a mass of ice and dust and when it nears the sun it starts illuminating in the shape of a tail

Ex: The appearance of a comet in the night sky often attracts attention from amateur astronomers and stargazers alike .
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a small, dense, and faint stellar remnant that is left after a medium-sized star exhausts the nuclear fuel in its core and undergoes gravitational collapse

Ex: Although smallwhite dwarfs can be quite hot , emitting radiation across a broad spectrum including visible light .
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exoplanet
[noun]

a planet that is outside the solar system

Ex: Scientists use advanced telescopes and observatories to detect the faint signals exoplanets orbiting distant stars .
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a region in the solar system located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, populated by numerous small celestial bodies called asteroids

Ex: Some asteroids in asteroid belt occasionally cross Earth 's orbit , posing potential impact hazards that astronomers monitor closely .
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to orbit
[Verb]

to move around a star, planet, or a large object in space

Ex: The dwarf planet orbits the sun in a region of space known as the Kuiper Belt .
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the motion of one celestial body around another in a fixed path or orbi

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ablation
[noun]

the process by which the surface of an object, such as a comet or an asteroid, erodes or vaporizes due to the effects of solar radiation and other environmental factors

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corona
[noun]

the outer layer of the Sun's atmosphere, observable as a plasma halo during a solar eclipse

Ex: corona's magnetic fields contribute to the formation of solar prominences and eruptions .
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flare
[noun]

a sudden, brief burst of increased brightness observed from the sun's surface, usually accompanied by a burst of energy and radiation

Ex: Astronomers studied flare to understand solar activity .
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planetary
[Adjective]

related to or characteristic of planets or the solar system

Ex: Planetary exploration missions , like those conducted by NASA and other space agencies , aim to study distant worlds .
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crater
[noun]

a depression on the surface of a celestial body, formed by the impact of cosmic debris such as meteoroids or asteroids

Ex: The impact that formed Meteor Crater in Arizona left a nearly perfectly preserved crater rim, offering insights into impact dynamics.
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a unit of mass used in astronomy, defined as the mass of the Sun

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extraterrestrial
[Adjective]

relating to or originating from outside the Earth or its atmosphere

Ex: Some believe that crop circles are created by extraterrestrial beings.
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the visible surface of a star, including the Sun, where energy is emitted as light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation

Ex: The photosphere marks the boundary between a star's opaque surface and its outer atmosphere.
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to overshadow another astrological body

Ex: The moon ’s passing in front of the sun caused it eclipse the sun ’s light completely for a few minutes .
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a type of solar eclipse where the moon, passing between the earth and the sun, appears smaller than the sun, creating a ring of sunlight around the darkened moon

Ex: People travel to specific locations along the eclipse path to experience and photograph the unique spectacle of annular eclipse.
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interstellar
[Adjective]

situated or occurring between stars or within the space that exists between stars

Ex: Interstellar communication explores the possibility of sending messages or signals between distant stars.
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Nebula
[noun]

a glowing cloud of gas and dust in outer space, often the result of a star explosion or formation

Ex: The beautiful colors of the Eagle Nebula were captured by the space telescope.
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aurora
[noun]

a natural light display in the Earth's polar regions, caused by the collision of charged particles from the sun with atoms in the Earth's atmosphere

Ex: The indigenous people in polar regions often incorporate stories of aurora into their cultural narratives .
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a celestial body that orbits the Sun and has sufficient mass for its gravity to pull it into a nearly spherical shape

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tektite
[noun]

a small, natural glassy object formed from terrestrial debris ejected during meteorite impacts, known for its smooth texture and found in strewn fields across the Earth's surface

Ex: Tektites can vary in size from tiny millimeters to several centimeters across .
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a model of the celestial sphere, historically used to depict and study the positions of celestial objects, consisting of a series of hoops representing important circles in the sky

Ex: Today , modern replicas armillary spheres serve as educational tools in astronomy classrooms and planetariums .
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the science and practice of designing, building, and operating aircraft, including airplanes and spacecraft

Ex: The development of supersonic aircraft is a milestone in aeronautics.
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a vehicle designed to travel in space

Ex: After completing its mission , spacecraft re-entered Earth 's atmosphere and safely returned with samples collected from space .
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to launch
[Verb]

to send an object, such as a satellite, missile, etc., into space

Ex: SpaceX is preparing launch another batch of Starlink satellites into low Earth orbit .
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a designated area at a spaceport or rocket launch site where rockets or spacecraft are positioned and prepared for liftoff

Ex: launch pad is equipped with fueling stations , support structures , and safety systems to facilitate rocket launches .
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probe
[noun]

an unmanned spacecraft used to gather information from space and send it back

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a vehicle designed and used to go to space and return multiple times

Ex: Endeavour was one of the space shuttles used for scientific research and satellite deployment missions.
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rover
[noun]

a robotic vehicle designed to move across the surface of a celestial body to conduct scientific experiments and gather data

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