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Essential Vocabulary for the GRE - The Space-time Continuum

Here you will learn some English words about time and space, such as "spasmodic", "aeon", "millennial", etc. that are needed for the GRE exam.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
perpetual
[Adjective]

continuing forever or indefinitely into the future

Ex: The company aims for perpetual growth and success .
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spasmodic
[Adjective]

occurring in sudden, brief manner, without a regular order or time

Ex: Her spasmodic bursts of energy were followed by long stretches of inactivity .
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solstice
[noun]

either of the two times of the year when the sun reaches its farthest or closest distance from the equator

Ex: At the summer solstice, ancient rituals are enacted to honor the sun and its life-giving energy, ensuring bountiful harvests and prosperity for the year ahead.
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the specific day that an event turns 200 years old

Ex: The museum planned a special exhibition for the bicentenary of the famous artist 's birth .
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centenary
[noun]

the day that an event becomes 100 years old

Ex: They issued special stamps to honor the centenary of the historic event .
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diurnal
[Adjective]

having a cycle that happens on a daily basis

Ex: The diurnal movements of the sun affect the temperature throughout the day .
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epoch
[noun]

a subdivision of a geologic period, characterized by distinctive and globally recognizable rock layers, fossils, and significant changes in Earth's climate and biota

Ex: The Oligocene epoch followed the Eocene and saw significant evolutionary changes.
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equinox
[noun]

either of the two moments in a year when the Sun, in its apparent motion along the ecliptic, crosses the celestial equator, resulting in approximately equal periods of daylight and darkness worldwide

Ex: The equinoxes are important for astronomers studying the Earth 's tilt and orbit .
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to elapse
[Verb]

(of time) to pass by

Ex: The days elapsed slowly during the long winter months .
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millennial
[Adjective]

relating to a time span of a thousand years

Ex: The millennial glacier has been slowly receding over the past thousand years .
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the time as measured at Greenwich, London, on the line of 0° longitude, used to calculate the time across the globe

Ex: Scientists use Greenwich Mean Time to standardize observations across different locations .
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eventual
[Adjective]

happening at the end of a process or a particular period of time

Ex: Although the road ahead may be challenging , they remain optimistic about their eventual triumph .
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at the appropriate or expected time, without rushing or delay

Ex: The product will be available for purchase in due course ; please check back later .
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to wane
[Verb]

(of the moon) to gradually decrease in its visible illuminated surface as it progresses from full to new moon

Ex: The moon 's brightness started to wane just a few days after the full moon .
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twilight
[noun]

the time in the evening when the sun is below the horizon

Ex: Birds chirped softly as daylight faded into twilight, signaling the end of another day .
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stratospheric
[Adjective]

the second layer of earth's atmosphere composed of cool and warm layers of air

Ex: The research focused on stratospheric chemistry and its impact on climate .
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the theory that adds the notion of time to that of a three-dimensional space

Ex: The study of space-time helps cosmologists understand the large-scale structure and evolution of the universe .
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orbital
[Adjective]

relating to the path or motion of an object as it revolves around another object in space

Ex: Orbital maneuvers are necessary for spacecraft to adjust their trajectories .
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Nebula
[noun]

a glowing cloud of gas and dust in outer space, often the result of a star explosion or formation

Ex: The beautiful colors of the Eagle Nebula were captured by the space telescope.
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umbra
[noun]

the part of a shadow that is completely dark; caused by acute light blockage

Ex: The shadow 's umbra was clearly defined against the bright background .
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to wax
[Verb]

(of the moon) to progressively display a larger illuminated section until it turns into a full moon

Ex: The moon waxes, reaching full brightness in about two weeks.
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meteoroid
[noun]

a small celestial body that becomes visible as a meteor upon entrance into the atmosphere of the earth

Ex: The study of meteoroids provides valuable insights into the composition and dynamics of our solar system , as well as the potential hazards they pose to spacecraft and Earth .
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meteorite
[noun]

a piece of rock or metal from space that has hit the surface of the earth

Ex: The study of meteorites helps researchers understand the potential hazards of asteroids and comets .
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meteor
[noun]

a piece of rock coming from outer space that passes through the Earth's atmosphere, producing light

Ex: The Perseid meteor shower is one of the most famous annual meteor showers, visible in August.
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a disruption in earth's magnetic field caused by solar activity, resulting in variations that can impact electronic systems and communications on earth

Ex: Scientists monitor magnetic storms closely to better understand their effects on Earth 's technology and to develop strategies for mitigating potential disruptions .
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intergalactic
[Adjective]

existing or occurring between galaxies

Ex: The intergalactic medium contains gas and dust spread throughout space .
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interplanetary
[Adjective]

existing or occurring between planets

Ex: The study of interplanetary magnetic fields helps scientists understand solar activity .
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interstellar
[Adjective]

situated or occurring between stars or within the space that exists between stars

Ex: Interstellar communication explores the possibility of sending messages or signals between distant stars.
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(specialist) space that consists of more than three dimensions

Ex: Hyperspace is a popular theme in science fiction for faster-than-light travel.
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extraterrestrial
[Adjective]

relating to or originating from outside the Earth or its atmosphere

Ex: Some believe that crop circles are created by extraterrestrial beings.
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exoplanet
[noun]

a planet that is outside the solar system

Ex: Scientists use advanced telescopes and observatories to detect the faint signals of exoplanets orbiting distant stars .
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(physics) an invisible substance that makes up most of the universe's mass, detectable only through its gravitational effects

Ex: Various theories have been proposed to explain the identity of dark matter particles , but conclusive evidence has yet to be found .
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very small particles originally derived from stars, serving as raw material for forming planets, and existing between galaxies, stars, and other celestial bodies

Ex: Cosmic dust can be detected using various methods , including infrared and microwave observations , which reveal its presence and composition across different regions of the universe .
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corona
[noun]

the outer layer of the Sun's atmosphere, observable as a plasma halo during a solar eclipse

Ex: The corona's magnetic fields contribute to the formation of solar prominences and eruptions .
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comet
[noun]

an object in space that is a mass of ice and dust and when it nears the sun it starts illuminating in the shape of a tail

Ex: The appearance of a bright comet in the night sky often attracts attention from amateur astronomers and stargazers alike .
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the colored lights, mainly green and red, in the sky seen primarily near the southern magnetic pole

Ex: The aurora australis is a stunning phenomenon that has inspired artists , scientists , and adventurers throughout history , offering a glimpse of the Earth 's connection to the wider cosmos .
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the colored lights, mainly green and red, in the sky seen primarily near the northern magnetic pole

Ex: The aurora borealis has captivated people for centuries and continues to be a source of wonder and inspiration for astronomers , photographers , and travelers alike .
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a specific group of stars that form a pattern and have a name related to their shape

Ex: The constellation Cassiopeia forms a distinct " W " shape in the northern sky .
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biosphere
[noun]

a part of planet where the air, land, and water are suitable for all the living things to exist on

Ex: Pollution can harm the delicate balance of the biosphere.
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eon
[noun]

an endless or lengthy period of time

Ex: They 've been friends for what seems like eons.
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Essential Vocabulary for the GRE
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