Essential Vocabulary for the GRE - The Space-time Continuum

Here you will learn some English words about time and space, such as "spasmodic", "aeon", "millennial", etc. that are needed for the GRE exam.

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Essential Vocabulary for the GRE
perpetual [adjective]

continuing forever or indefinitely into the future

Ex: The museum has a perpetual exhibition of historical artifacts .
spasmodic [adjective]

occurring in sudden, brief manner, without a regular order or time

Ex: The power outages were spasmodic and unpredictable .
solstice [noun]

either of the two times of the year when the sun reaches its farthest or closest distance from the equator

Ex:

the specific day that an event turns 200 years old

Ex: She wrote an article about the bicentenary of the landmark scientific discovery .

the day that an event becomes 100 years old

Ex: The city commemorated the centenary of its incorporation with a parade .
diurnal [adjective]

having a cycle that happens on a daily basis

Ex: Many animals have diurnal behaviors , becoming active during the day .
epoch [noun]

a subdivision of a geologic period, characterized by distinctive and globally recognizable rock layers, fossils, and significant changes in Earth's climate and biota

Ex: Geologists study rock layers from the Cambrian epoch to learn about early life .
equinox [noun]

either of the two moments in a year when the Sun, in its apparent motion along the ecliptic, crosses the celestial equator, resulting in approximately equal periods of daylight and darkness worldwide

Ex: The equinox occurs twice a year , once in March and once in September .

(of time) to pass by

Ex: Years have elapsed since we last visited that place .
millennial [adjective]

relating to a time span of a thousand years

Ex: The historian studied millennial trends in climate change over the past thousand years .

the time as measured at Greenwich, London, on the line of 0° longitude, used to calculate the time across the globe

Ex: All time zones are calculated relative to Greenwich Mean Time .
eventual [adjective]

happening at the end of a process or a particular period of time

Ex: The eventual outcome of the negotiations was a mutually beneficial agreement for all parties involved .

at the appropriate or expected time, without rushing or delay

Ex: The project will be completed in due course , according to the schedule .
to wane [verb]

(of the moon) to gradually decrease in its visible illuminated surface as it progresses from full to new moon

Ex: The light from the moon will wane until it 's barely visible .
twilight [noun]

the time in the evening when the sun is below the horizon

Ex: Twilight is often considered a magical time when the world transitions from day to night .
stratospheric [adjective]

the second layer of earth's atmosphere composed of cool and warm layers of air

Ex: Stratospheric temperatures can vary greatly between day and night .

the theory that adds the notion of time to that of a three-dimensional space

Ex: Black holes are regions of space-time where gravity is so intense that not even light can escape .
orbital [adjective]

relating to the path or motion of an object as it revolves around another object in space

Ex: Orbital debris poses a risk to spacecraft and satellites .
Nebula [noun]

a glowing cloud of gas and dust in outer space, often the result of a star explosion or formation

Ex:
umbra [noun]

the part of a shadow that is completely dark; caused by acute light blockage

Ex: The umbra of the building provided shade from the hot sun .
to wax [verb]

(of the moon) to progressively display a larger illuminated section until it turns into a full moon

Ex:

a small celestial body that becomes visible as a meteor upon entrance into the atmosphere of the earth

Ex: When a meteoroid enters Earth 's atmosphere and vaporizes due to friction with the air , it creates a streak of light known as a meteor or shooting star .

a piece of rock or metal from space that has hit the surface of the earth

Ex: The impact crater was formed by a large meteorite that struck Earth millions of years ago .
meteor [noun]

a piece of rock coming from outer space that passes through the Earth's atmosphere, producing light

Ex: The study of meteors helps astronomers understand the composition of objects from the early solar system .

a disruption in earth's magnetic field caused by solar activity, resulting in variations that can impact electronic systems and communications on earth

Ex: During a magnetic storm , the increased solar activity can lead to disruptions in satellite communications , power grids , and navigation systems .
interplanetary [adjective]

existing or occurring between planets

Ex: Communication between Earth and Mars relies on interplanetary communication systems .
interstellar [adjective]

situated or occurring between stars or within the space that exists between stars

Ex:

(specialist) space that consists of more than three dimensions

Ex: Theoretical models often require the use of hyperspace to explain phenomena .
extraterrestrial [adjective]

relating to or originating from outside the Earth or its atmosphere

Ex: UFO sightings often spark speculation about extraterrestrial visitors .

a planet that is outside the solar system

Ex: The Kepler Space Telescope has been instrumental in identifying distant exoplanets using the transit method .

(physics) an invisible substance that makes up most of the universe's mass, detectable only through its gravitational effects

Ex: Despite extensive research efforts , the true nature of dark matter remains one of the biggest mysteries in astrophysics .

very small particles originally derived from stars, serving as raw material for forming planets, and existing between galaxies, stars, and other celestial bodies

Ex: Cosmic dust grains play a crucial role in the process of star formation , serving as the building blocks for planets and other celestial bodies .
corona [noun]

the outer layer of the Sun's atmosphere, observable as a plasma halo during a solar eclipse

Ex: Solar missions , like NASA 's Parker Solar Probe , aim to explore the corona up close and gather valuable data .
comet [noun]

an object in space that is a mass of ice and dust and when it nears the sun it starts illuminating in the shape of a tail

Ex: The tail of a comet forms when solar radiation causes ice and dust to vaporize and stream away from the nucleus .

the colored lights, mainly green and red, in the sky seen primarily near the southern magnetic pole

Ex: The best places to witness the aurora australis are in Antarctica , southern Australia , New Zealand , and other southern high-latitude regions .

the colored lights, mainly green and red, in the sky seen primarily near the northern magnetic pole

Ex: The best places to witness the aurora borealis are in northern latitudes , such as Alaska , Canada , Scandinavia , and Iceland .

a specific group of stars that form a pattern and have a name related to their shape

Ex: The Big Dipper is a prominent constellation consisting of seven bright stars .

a part of planet where the air, land, and water are suitable for all the living things to exist on

Ex: The biosphere is affected by changes in climate and weather patterns .
eon [noun]

an endless or lengthy period of time

Ex: It has been eons since I last saw him .