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Essential Vocabulary for the GRE - The Space-time Continuum

Here you will learn some English words about time and space, such as "spasmodic", "aeon", "millennial", etc. that are needed for the GRE exam.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
perpetual
[Adjective]

continuing forever or indefinitely into the future

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spasmodic
[Adjective]

occurring in sudden, brief manner, without a regular order or time

Ex: spasmodic bursts of energy were followed by long stretches of inactivity .
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solstice
[noun]

either of the two times of the year when the sun reaches its farthest or closest distance from the equator

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the specific day that an event turns 200 years old

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centenary
[noun]

the day that an event becomes 100 years old

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diurnal
[Adjective]

having a cycle that happens on a daily basis

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epoch
[noun]

a subdivision of a geologic period, characterized by distinctive and globally recognizable rock layers, fossils, and significant changes in Earth's climate and biota

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equinox
[noun]

either of the two moments in a year when the Sun, in its apparent motion along the ecliptic, crosses the celestial equator, resulting in approximately equal periods of daylight and darkness worldwide

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to elapse
[Verb]

(of time) to pass by

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millennial
[Adjective]

relating to a time span of a thousand years

Ex: millennial glacier has been slowly receding over the past thousand years .
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the time as measured at Greenwich, London, on the line of 0° longitude, used to calculate the time across the globe

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eventual
[Adjective]

happening at the end of a process or a particular period of time

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at the appropriate or expected time, without rushing or delay

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to wane
[Verb]

(of the moon) to gradually decrease in its visible illuminated surface as it progresses from full to new moon

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twilight
[noun]

the time in the evening when the sun is below the horizon

Ex: Birds chirped softly as daylight faded twilight, signaling the end of another day .
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stratospheric
[Adjective]

the second layer of earth's atmosphere composed of cool and warm layers of air

Ex: The research stratospheric chemistry and its impact on climate .
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the theory that adds the notion of time to that of a three-dimensional space

Ex: The study space-time helps cosmologists understand the large-scale structure and evolution of the universe .
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orbital
[Adjective]

relating to the path or motion of an object as it revolves around another object in space

Ex: Orbital maneuvers are necessary for spacecraft to adjust their trajectories .
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Nebula
[noun]

a glowing cloud of gas and dust in outer space, often the result of a star explosion or formation

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umbra
[noun]

the part of a shadow that is completely dark; caused by acute light blockage

Ex: The shadowumbra was clearly defined against the bright background .
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to wax
[Verb]

(of the moon) to progressively display a larger illuminated section until it turns into a full moon

Ex: Tonight , we can observe the crescent waxing in the evening sky .
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meteoroid
[noun]

a small celestial body that becomes visible as a meteor upon entrance into the atmosphere of the earth

Ex: The study meteoroids provides valuable insights into the composition and dynamics of our solar system , as well as the potential hazards they pose to spacecraft and Earth .
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meteorite
[noun]

a piece of rock or metal from space that has hit the surface of the earth

Ex: The study meteorites helps researchers understand the potential hazards of asteroids and comets .
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meteor
[noun]

a piece of rock coming from outer space that passes through the Earth's atmosphere, producing light

Ex: A meteorite is meteor that survives its passage through the atmosphere and lands on Earth 's surface .
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a disruption in earth's magnetic field caused by solar activity, resulting in variations that can impact electronic systems and communications on earth

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intergalactic
[Adjective]

existing or occurring between galaxies

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interplanetary
[Adjective]

existing or occurring between planets

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interstellar
[Adjective]

situated or occurring between stars or within the space that exists between stars

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(specialist) space that consists of more than three dimensions

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extraterrestrial
[Adjective]

relating to or originating from outside the Earth or its atmosphere

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exoplanet
[noun]

a planet that is outside the solar system

Ex: Scientists use advanced telescopes and observatories to detect the faint signals exoplanets orbiting distant stars .
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(physics) an invisible substance that makes up most of the universe's mass, detectable only through its gravitational effects

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very small particles originally derived from stars, serving as raw material for forming planets, and existing between galaxies, stars, and other celestial bodies

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corona
[noun]

the outer layer of the Sun's atmosphere, observable as a plasma halo during a solar eclipse

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comet
[noun]

an object in space that is a mass of ice and dust and when it nears the sun it starts illuminating in the shape of a tail

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the colored lights, mainly green and red, in the sky seen primarily near the southern magnetic pole

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the colored lights, mainly green and red, in the sky seen primarily near the northern magnetic pole

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a specific group of stars that form a pattern and have a name related to their shape

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biosphere
[noun]

a part of planet where the air, land, and water are suitable for all the living things to exist on

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eon
[noun]

an endless or lengthy period of time

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