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Verbs of Mental Processes - Verbs for Cognition and Perception

Here you will learn some English verbs referring to cognition and perception such as "understand", "decipher", and "realize".

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Categorized English Verbs Denoting Mental Processes
to know
to know
[Verb]

to have some information about something

Ex: Do you know where the nearest gas station is? 
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to understand

to know something's meaning, particularly something that someone says

Ex: Can you help me understand this equation? 
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to interpret

to understand or assign meaning to something

Ex: Psychologists interpret dreams to gain insights into a person's subconscious thoughts. 
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to comprehend

to fully understand something, especially something complicated

Ex: It took me a while to comprehend the complex mathematical theorem, but with practice, I finally understood it. 
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to figure out

to reach an understanding of a person's actions, motives, or personality

Ex: After spending time together, she began to figure out the reasons behind her friend's behavior. 
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to apprehend

to mentally grasp or understand

Ex: The teacher used various examples and analogies to help the students apprehend the complex scientific theory. 
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to decipher

to interpret or understand something that is difficult or unclear

Ex: Students may need to decipher complex scientific texts to grasp the concepts. 
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to realize

to have a sudden or complete understanding of a fact or situation

Ex: He realized his mistake at once after reviewing the report. 
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to dawn on

to become clear, evident, or understood, particularly after some time

Ex: As she listened to the lecture, the significance of the scientific breakthrough began to dawn on her. 
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to occur to

(of thoughts and ideas) to come to someone's mind

Ex: It often occurs to me that I should call my parents more often. 
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to fathom
to fathom
[Verb]

to understand and make sense of something after giving it a lot of thought

Ex: The novel's intricate plot required readers to fathom the characters' motivations. 
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to see through

to understand the true intentions of something or someone

Ex: She saw through his lies and knew he was hiding something. 
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to savvy
to savvy
[Verb]

to understand something

Ex: The experienced negotiator quickly savvied the subtle cues in the conversation. 
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to recognize

to know who a person or what an object is, because we have heard, seen, etc. them before

Ex: I immediately recognized her voice on the phone. 
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to grok
to grok
[Verb]

to deeply understand something

Ex: As a therapist, she strives to grok her clients' emotional experiences to provide effective support. 
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to discern

to understand something through thought or reasoning

Ex: After much thought, she discerned that his actions were motivated by jealousy. 
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to construe

to interpret a certain meaning from something

Ex: Lawyers often construe legal documents to understand their implications. 
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to identify

to be able to say who or what someone or something is

Ex: The detective easily identifies the suspect from the security footage. 
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to cognize

to understand or become aware of something through thinking or consciousness

Ex: The child began to cognize the colors around them as they developed visual awareness. 
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to notice
to notice
[Verb]

to pay attention and become aware of a particular thing or person

Ex: I couldn't help but notice the beautiful sunset as I walked along the beach. 
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to sink in

to gradually understand a concept, often accompanied by an emotional response

Ex: The impact of the tragedy slowly sank in as the community mourned. 
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to distinguish

to recognize and mentally separate two things, people, etc.

Ex: The detective could distinguish the authentic painting from the clever forgery. 
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to [know] {sth} from {sth}

to distinguish or identify between two things based on knowledge or familiarity

Ex: I know good coffee from bad just by the smell. 
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to think
to think
[Verb]

to use your mind to understand something, solve a problem, make a decision, etc. or to use it to consider someone or something

Ex: He couldn't think of a good answer to the question. 
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to see
to see
[Verb]

to realize or understand something

Ex: After hearing her explanation, I can see why she made that decision. 
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to deduce
to deduce
[Verb]

to determine by a process of logical reasoning

Ex: From the evidence presented, the detective deduced the likely sequence of events. 
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to infer
to infer
[Verb]

to reach an opinion or decision based on available evidence and one's understanding of the matter

Ex: After observing the pattern of behavior, the detective could infer that the suspect was familiar with the victim. 
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to gather
to gather
[Verb]

to understand information based on what is available

Ex: Observing the subtle cues in the conversation, she could gather that her colleague was feeling uneasy about the upcoming changes in the project. 
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to intuit
to intuit
[Verb]

to grasp or comprehend something instinctively and without conscious reasoning

Ex: He could intuit that something was bothering his friend based on the subtle change in his demeanor. 
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to make out

to understand something, often with effort

Ex: How did you make out the answer to that riddle? 
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to perceive

to realize through the senses

Ex: As she touched the fabric, she perceived its softness and knew it was made of silk. 
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to sense
to sense
[Verb]

to comprehend or interpret the meaning of something

Ex: He couldn’t sense the underlying message in the letter at first. 
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to read
to read
[Verb]

to look at written or printed words or symbols and understand their meaning

Ex: I can read this book easily. 
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to read through

to carefully read something from start to finish, often with the purpose of identifying errors

Ex: She read through the manuscript, highlighting grammatical errors and suggesting improvements. 
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