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C2 Level Wordlist - Architecture

Here you will learn all the essential words for talking about Architecture, collected specifically for level C2 learners.

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CEFR C2 Vocabulary
portico
[noun]

a covered entrance or porch with columns, typically leading to the main entrance of a building and serving as a decorative architectural feature

Ex: The church 's portico served as a gathering place for parishioners before and after services , fostering a sense of community .
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a row of connected posts placed at the edge of a height such as stairway, balcony, etc. in order to protect people from falling

Ex: The historic building 's exterior was embellished with a decorative limestone balustrade, showcasing intricate carvings and detailing .
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a shelf that is made of wood or stone and is above a fireplace

Ex: He sat by the fireplace , his gaze fixed on the photograph resting on the mantelpiece, lost in memories of days gone by .
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a style or approach that combines various architectural influences, elements, or styles from different time periods or cultures to create a unique and diverse design

Ex: The museum's eclectic collection of architectural artifacts highlighted the diverse influences that have shaped the city's built environment over the centuries.
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atrium
[noun]

a large area typically with glass walls or roof in the middle of a building such a shopping center

Ex: The university 's atrium was a hub of activity , with students studying , socializing , and passing through on their way to classes .
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vault
[noun]

an architectural structure, often made of stone or concrete, that forms a curved or arched ceiling or roof, providing strength, support, and architectural beauty to a space

Ex: The ancient Roman aqueduct was constructed with a series of arched vaults, transporting water across long distances with impressive engineering precision .
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facade
[noun]

the front of a building, particularly one that is large and has an elegant appearance

Ex: The urban neighborhood was characterized by its colorful row houses , each with a unique facade adorned with decorative trim and window boxes .
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gable
[noun]

the upper part of a house wall in the shape of a triangle where it meets a sloping roof

Ex: The historic barn had a gambrel gable roof, providing ample space for storage in the loft area.
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mezzanine
[noun]

a floor situated between two other floors of a building, which is smaller compared to the two

Ex: The hotel 's fitness center was located on the mezzanine, allowing guests to stay active while enjoying panoramic views of the city .
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parapet
[noun]

a low protective wall or railing built along the edge of a roof, balcony, bridge, or other elevated structure to prevent people from falling

Ex: The modern office building had a sleek glass parapet, adding a contemporary touch to its architectural design .
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pergola
[noun]

an outdoor structure with a framework of vertical posts and cross-beams, often covered with climbing plants for shade

Ex: At the wedding venue , a floral-decked pergola served as a picturesque backdrop for exchanging vows amidst the beauty of nature .
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vestibule
[noun]

a small entrance hall or lobby located just inside the main entrance of a building, serving as a transitional space between the exterior and the interior

Ex: The office building had a modern vestibule with glass walls , creating a sleek and inviting entry point for employees and visitors .
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veranda
[noun]

a roofed area with an open front at the ground level, which is attached to the side of a house

Ex: The farmhouse had a rustic veranda with a porch swing , providing a serene setting for watching the sunset .
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alcove
[noun]

a recessed part of a wall that is built further back from the rest of it

Ex: The art gallery had a special alcove dedicated to showcasing sculptures , illuminated by soft overhead lighting .
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nook
[noun]

a small, cozy corner created where two walls meet

Ex: The attic apartment featured a charming nook with a small desk , making it an ideal workspace for the resident writer .
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tympanum
[noun]

the semi-circular or triangular space enclosed by the lintel and arch above a doorway, often decorated with sculptural reliefs or intricate designs

Ex: The medieval castle 's great hall featured a tympanum above the entrance , adorned with the coat of arms of the ruling family , signaling their authority and power .
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volute
[noun]

a spiral or scroll-like architectural ornament, typically found at the top of a column capital, staircase railing, or decorative molding

Ex: The Renaissance palace 's staircase was flanked by marble balustrades adorned with delicate volutes, showcasing the craftsmanship of the era .
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spandrel
[noun]

the triangular or curved space between an arch and the surrounding vertical supports, typically filled with decorative elements or panels

Ex: The Art Deco apartment building had decorative metalwork adorning the spandrels of its balconies , adding a touch of glamour to the facade .
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a decorative element or motif consisting of four overlapping circles or lobes that form a symmetrical shape resembling a four-leaf clover

Ex: The Islamic mosque had a quatrefoil-shaped dome, representing the four corners of the earth and the unity of all creation.
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pediment
[noun]

the triangular upper portion of the entrance of a building, often seen in buildings with Classical architecture

Ex: The Romanesque church had a tympanum set within its pediment, depicting the Last Judgment in vivid detail .
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niche
[noun]

a hollow space in a wall, used for putting in decorative objects such a statue, or other decorative items

Ex: The hallway was illuminated by light fixtures set into niches along the walls , creating a warm and inviting ambiance .
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quoin
[noun]

the corner angle of a building, typically formed by masonry blocks or stones

Ex: The Victorian mansion featured contrasting quoins in red brick , highlighting the architectural details of the building 's exterior .
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keystone
[noun]

a stone located at the top center of an arch, keeping all the other stones together

Ex: The Art Deco façade was embellished with geometric motifs , including a stylized keystone at the center of each archway , adding a touch of modern elegance .
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the horizontal, decorative element that rests on top of columns or pillars in architecture

Ex: The Federal-style house had a simple yet elegant entablature, consisting of a plain frieze and a projecting cornice , reflecting the architectural tastes of the period .
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gargoyle
[noun]

stone figures that resemble a hideous creature and that are attached to the top of some old buildings, particularly old churches, for carrying rain water off the roof

Ex: The Victorian mansion had a roofline punctuated by fanciful gargoyles, each one a unique creation of the era 's eclectic architectural style .
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abacus
[noun]

a flat, stone block that sits on top of a column, used to support the parts above it such as a roof

Ex: The abacus serves as a transition element between the column and the entablature , providing structural support while also adding visual interest to the overall composition .
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rib vault
[noun]

an architectural feature that consists of a series of arched ribs or arches that intersect to form a structural framework supporting a vaulted ceiling

Ex: The Art Nouveau train station boasted a soaring concourse with a glass and steel rib vault, flooding the space with natural light .
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loggia
[noun]

a room or gallery that is open in one or more sides, particularly one that is attached to a house and faces a garden on one side

Ex: The Roman villa was renowned for its mosaic floors and frescoed walls, with a covered loggia providing a cool respite from the summer heat.
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hypostyle
[noun]

a large hall with a roof supported by many columns

Ex: The Moorish palace had a magnificent hypostyle chamber , its intricately carved columns and arches creating a sense of awe and grandeur .
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buttress
[noun]

a protruding structure that supports a building or wall and is made out of bricks or stones

Ex: The Gothic revival mansion had ornamental buttresses that added a sense of drama and verticality to its façade , evoking the spirit of medieval architecture .
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C2 Level Wordlist
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