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C2 Level Wordlist - Architecture

Here you will learn all the essential words for talking about Architecture, collected specifically for level C2 learners.

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CEFR C2 Vocabulary
portico
[noun]

a covered entrance or porch with columns, typically leading to the main entrance of a building and serving as a decorative architectural feature

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a row of connected posts placed at the edge of a height such as stairway, balcony, etc. in order to protect people from falling

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a shelf that is made of wood or stone and is above a fireplace

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a style or approach that combines various architectural influences, elements, or styles from different time periods or cultures to create a unique and diverse design

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atrium
[noun]

a large area typically with glass walls or roof in the middle of a building such a shopping center

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vault
[noun]

an architectural structure, often made of stone or concrete, that forms a curved or arched ceiling or roof, providing strength, support, and architectural beauty to a space

Ex: The ancient Roman aqueduct was constructed with a series of vaults, transporting water across long distances with impressive engineering precision .
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facade
[noun]

the front of a building, particularly one that is large and has an elegant appearance

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gable
[noun]

the upper part of a house wall in the shape of a triangle where it meets a sloping roof

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mezzanine
[noun]

a floor situated between two other floors of a building, which is smaller compared to the two

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parapet
[noun]

a low protective wall or railing built along the edge of a roof, balcony, bridge, or other elevated structure to prevent people from falling

Ex: The modern office building had a sleek parapet, adding a contemporary touch to its architectural design .
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pergola
[noun]

an outdoor structure with a framework of vertical posts and cross-beams, often covered with climbing plants for shade

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vestibule
[noun]

a small entrance hall or lobby located just inside the main entrance of a building, serving as a transitional space between the exterior and the interior

Ex: The office building had a vestibule with glass walls , creating a sleek and inviting entry point for employees and visitors .
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veranda
[noun]

a roofed area with an open front at the ground level, which is attached to the side of a house

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alcove
[noun]

a recessed part of a wall that is built further back from the rest of it

Ex: The art gallery had a alcove dedicated to showcasing sculptures , illuminated by soft overhead lighting .
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nook
[noun]

a small, cozy corner created where two walls meet

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tympanum
[noun]

the semi-circular or triangular space enclosed by the lintel and arch above a doorway, often decorated with sculptural reliefs or intricate designs

Ex: The medieval castle 's great hall featured tympanum above the entrance , adorned with the coat of arms of the ruling family , signaling their authority and power .
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volute
[noun]

a spiral or scroll-like architectural ornament, typically found at the top of a column capital, staircase railing, or decorative molding

Ex: The Renaissance palace 's staircase was flanked by marble balustrades adorned with volutes, showcasing the craftsmanship of the era .
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spandrel
[noun]

the triangular or curved space between an arch and the surrounding vertical supports, typically filled with decorative elements or panels

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a decorative element or motif consisting of four overlapping circles or lobes that form a symmetrical shape resembling a four-leaf clover

Ex: The Art Nouveau building had quatrefoil patterns on its ironwork balconies , creating a sense of whimsy and charm .
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pediment
[noun]

the triangular upper portion of the entrance of a building, often seen in buildings with Classical architecture

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niche
[noun]

a hollow space in a wall, used for putting in decorative objects such a statue, or other decorative items

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quoin
[noun]

the corner angle of a building, typically formed by masonry blocks or stones

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keystone
[noun]

a stone located at the top center of an arch, keeping all the other stones together

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the horizontal, decorative element that rests on top of columns or pillars in architecture

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gargoyle
[noun]

stone figures that resemble a hideous creature and that are attached to the top of some old buildings, particularly old churches, for carrying rain water off the roof

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abacus
[noun]

a flat, stone block that sits on top of a column, used to support the parts above it such as a roof

Ex: abacus serves as a transition element between the column and the entablature , providing structural support while also adding visual interest to the overall composition .
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rib vault
[noun]

an architectural feature that consists of a series of arched ribs or arches that intersect to form a structural framework supporting a vaulted ceiling

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loggia
[noun]

a room or gallery that is open in one or more sides, particularly one that is attached to a house and faces a garden on one side

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hypostyle
[noun]

a large hall with a roof supported by many columns

Ex: The Moorish palace had a hypostyle chamber , its intricately carved columns and arches creating a sense of awe and grandeur .
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buttress
[noun]

a protruding structure that supports a building or wall and is made out of bricks or stones

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