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C2 Level Wordlist - Business and Management

Here you will learn all the essential words for talking about Business and Management, collected specifically for level C2 learners.

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CEFR C2 Vocabulary
option
option
[noun]

a contract that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined price within a specified time frame

Ex: Traders may purchase options on commodities like gold or oil as a way to gain exposure to these markets without owning the physical assets. 
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book
book
[noun]

the official record of financial transactions and accounts for a business, including ledgers, journals, and other accounting documents

Ex: The accountant diligently updated the company's book to reflect the latest financial transactions, ensuring accuracy and compliance with accounting standards. 
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belt-tightening

an act of spending less money during difficult financial times

Ex: Belt-tightening became necessary when sales dropped unexpectedly. 
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business cycle

the rhythmic pattern of economic growth and decline, consisting of phases such as expansion, peak, contraction, and trough

Ex: During an economic expansion phase of the business cycle, consumer spending tends to rise, leading to increased production and job opportunities. 
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cash cow
cash cow
[noun]

a service or product that provides a business or company with a stable income

Ex: His latest invention turned out to be a real cash cow. 
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comptroller

a financial officer responsible for managing and overseeing the financial accounts and budgets of an organization

Ex: The government comptroller meticulously reviews and manages the public finances, ensuring transparency and adherence to fiscal regulations. 
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buyout
buyout
[noun]

the acquisition of a company or a controlling interest in a company's shares, often initiated by an outside entity or a group of investors, resulting in a change of ownership and control

Ex: The tech giant announced a strategic buyout of a promising startup, incorporating its innovative technology into its product portfolio. 
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equity
equity
[noun]

the value of an asset after deducting all claims, debts, or liens against it

Ex: After paying off the mortgage, they had $120,000 in equity in their home. 
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hedge
hedge
[noun]

a thing or method that protects one against potential problems, particularly financial ones

Ex: The investor used a hedge to protect their portfolio against market volatility. 
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top line
top line
[noun]

a company's gross sales or revenues, before any costs or expenses are deducted

Ex: The company's top line revenue increased by 10% compared to the previous quarter. 
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cash flow
cash flow
[noun]

the movement of money in and out of a business or financial system, indicating its liquidity and financial well-being

Ex: Effective cash flow management is crucial for businesses to meet short-term financial obligations and ensure operational sustainability. 
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depreciation

a decline in something's price or value

Ex: The depreciation of the currency has led to an increase in the cost of imported goods. 
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cartel
cartel
[noun]

an agreement among independent entities, often businesses, to control prices, production, and distribution in a specific industry, reducing competition and increasing market power

Ex: The oil cartel, consisting of major petroleum-producing nations, collaborates to influence global oil prices and production levels. 
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takeover
takeover
[noun]

the acquisition of a company, leading to a change in ownership and often involving the purchase of a substantial portion of its shares

Ex: The tech giant's takeover of the startup boosted innovation and expanded its presence in the emerging market. 
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capital market

a financial market where long-term debt or equity-backed securities are bought and sold

Ex: Investors can access the capital market to buy and sell stocks, bonds, and other financial instruments. 
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asset stripping

the act of buying a company and then selling its assets separately, often at a profit, without regard for the company's long-term viability

Ex: The company engaged in asset stripping, selling off its valuable properties and intellectual assets to generate short-term profits. 
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curtailment

the act of reducing or limiting something in order to reach financial stability

Ex: The company announced a curtailment of its production operations in response to declining market demand. 
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to wind down

to slowly reduce the activity of a business or organization, leading to its eventual closure

Ex: The company plans to wind down its operations over the next six months. 
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bottom line

the amount that was profited or lost in an organization or company after everything was calculated

Ex: After all the costs were counted, the bottom line was better than expected. 
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supervision

the act or process of overseeing the activities of individuals or a group to ensure compliance with rules or objectives

Ex: The manager provided clear supervision to the team, ensuring that project tasks were completed on schedule and according to quality standards. 
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collective

a cooperative or united group of individuals, entities, or elements working together for a common purpose or interest

Ex: The collective of artists collaborated to create a mural that reflected the diversity and unity within their community. 
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conglomerate

a corporation formed by merging different firms or businesses

Ex: The conglomerate expanded its operations by acquiring companies in various industries such as technology, healthcare, and consumer goods. 
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maladministration

the inefficient or improper management, especially within a public institution or organization

Ex: The investigation revealed instances of maladministration within the government department, leading to calls for reform. 
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directive
directive
[noun]

a clear instruction or order given to guide actions or decisions

Ex: The company issued a directive outlining the new workplace safety protocols in response to the global health crisis. 
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concern
concern
[noun]

a business entity, organization, or company engaged in commercial, industrial, or professional activities

Ex: The multinational concern operates in various countries, specializing in the production and distribution of consumer electronics. 
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syndicate
syndicate
[noun]

a group of people or businesses who come together in order to carry out or to fund a particular business project

Ex: The investment bank formed a syndicate of lenders to provide financing for the large-scale infrastructure project. 
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