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C2 Level Wordlist - Business and Management

Here you will learn all the essential words for talking about Business and Management, collected specifically for level C2 learners.

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CEFR C2 Vocabulary
option
option
[noun]

a contract that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined price within a specified time frame

Ex: Investors often use call options to speculate on the potential price increase of a particular stock within a defined period.
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book
book
[noun]

the official record of financial transactions and accounts for a business, including ledgers, journals, and other accounting documents

Ex: The CFO presented the quarterly financial report , highlighting key figures from the company 's books to the board of directors .
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belt-tightening

an act of spending less money during difficult financial times

Ex: During the recession , our family had to start belt-tightening.
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business cycle

the rhythmic pattern of economic growth and decline, consisting of phases such as expansion, peak, contraction, and trough

Ex: Businesses that can adapt to the cyclical nature of the economy by diversifying their products or services may be more resilient across various phases of the business cycle.
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cash cow
cash cow
[noun]

a service or product that provides a business or company with a stable income

Ex: The investment in renewable energy has turned out to be a cash cow for the company , providing a reliable source of income .
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comptroller

a financial officer responsible for managing and overseeing the financial accounts and budgets of an organization

Ex: In the military , the comptroller plays a crucial role in managing the budget , allocating resources for various operational needs .
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buyout
buyout
[noun]

the acquisition of a company or a controlling interest in a company's shares, often initiated by an outside entity or a group of investors, resulting in a change of ownership and control

Ex: In a leveraged buyout, the acquiring entity used a significant amount of debt to finance the purchase of a majority stake in the retail chain.
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equity
equity
[noun]

the value of an asset after deducting all claims, debts, or liens against it

Ex: Equity in the business grew steadily over the decade .
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hedge
hedge
[noun]

a thing or method that protects one against potential problems, particularly financial ones

Ex: An options hedge can be an effective way to limit potential losses in a volatile market .
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top line
top line
[noun]

a company's gross sales or revenues, before any costs or expenses are deducted

Ex: The CEO emphasized the importance of driving top line growth during the quarterly earnings call .
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cash flow
cash flow
[noun]

the movement of money in and out of a business or financial system, indicating its liquidity and financial well-being

Ex: A consistent negative cash flow may indicate financial distress , prompting businesses to implement cost-cutting measures or seek additional financing .
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depreciation

a decline in something's price or value

Ex: Economic uncertainty has resulted in the depreciation of stock prices across various sectors .
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cartel
cartel
[noun]

an agreement among independent entities, often businesses, to control prices, production, and distribution in a specific industry, reducing competition and increasing market power

Ex: Certain agricultural cartels collaborate to fix prices and control the distribution of crops , impacting the agricultural sector 's dynamics .
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takeover
takeover
[noun]

the acquisition of a company, leading to a change in ownership and often involving the purchase of a substantial portion of its shares

Ex: The pharmaceutical company 's takeover strategy aimed to diversify its product portfolio and strengthen its market position .
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capital market

a financial market where long-term debt or equity-backed securities are bought and sold

Ex: Financial institutions provide various services such as underwriting and brokerage to participants in the capital market.
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asset stripping

the act of buying a company and then selling its assets separately, often at a profit, without regard for the company's long-term viability

Ex: Regulators have implemented measures to prevent asset stripping and protect the interests of shareholders and other stakeholders .
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curtailment

the act of reducing or limiting something in order to reach financial stability

Ex: Curtailment of capital expenditures was necessary to preserve cash flow during the financial downturn.
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to wind down

to slowly reduce the activity of a business or organization, leading to its eventual closure

Ex: The board of directors voted to wind the organization down and distribute its remaining assets.
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bottom line

the amount that was profited or lost in an organization or company after everything was calculated

Ex: The finance team will review the bottom line before approving the expansion .
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supervision

the act or process of overseeing the activities of individuals or a group to ensure compliance with rules or objectives

Ex: The regulatory agency conducts regular supervision of financial institutions to ensure compliance with industry regulations and protect consumers .
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collective

a cooperative or united group of individuals, entities, or elements working together for a common purpose or interest

Ex: The labor union acted as a collective to negotiate fair wages and working conditions on behalf of its members .
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conglomerate

a corporation formed by merging different firms or businesses

Ex: Shareholders expressed concerns about the conglomerate's complex corporate structure and urged management to streamline operations for better efficiency .
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maladministration

the inefficient or improper management, especially within a public institution or organization

Ex: The local council was accused of maladministration in its handling of planning permissions , leading to legal challenges and public scrutiny .
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directive
directive
[noun]

a clear instruction or order given to guide actions or decisions

Ex: The software development team received a directive to prioritize the resolution of critical bugs before the next software release .
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concern
concern
[noun]

a business entity, organization, or company engaged in commercial, industrial, or professional activities

Ex: Employees appreciate the employee-centric policies implemented by the human resources department of the concern, fostering a positive work environment .
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syndicate
syndicate
[noun]

a group of people or businesses who come together in order to carry out or to fund a particular business project

Ex: The real estate syndicate purchased the commercial property through a joint venture , sharing both the risks and rewards of the investment .
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