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C2 Level Wordlist - Law

Here you will learn all the essential words for talking about Law, collected specifically for level C2 learners.

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CEFR C2 Vocabulary
litigant
litigant
[noun]

(law) a person or party involved in a legal case

Ex: The litigant filed a lawsuit against the company, alleging discrimination in the workplace. 
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punitive damages

an extra financial compensation awarded in a lawsuit to punish the defendant for bad behavior and deter future wrongdoing

Ex: In the product liability case, the court awarded punitive damages to deter the company from manufacturing unsafe products. 
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intestacy
intestacy
[noun]

the condition of dying without a valid will, leaving the distribution of one's estate to be determined by the laws of intestate succession rather than specific instructions in a will

Ex: In the absence of a will, the deceased's estate will be subject to intestacy, and the distribution will follow legal guidelines. 
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bar
bar
[noun]

the physical railing or barrier in a courtroom that separates participants from the judge

Ex: The court reporter sat just outside the bar, capturing a verbatim record of the proceedings. 
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litigator
litigator
[noun]

a lawyer who specializes in bringing a lawsuit against people or organizations in a court of law

Ex: As a skilled litigator, she has successfully represented clients in numerous high-profile court cases. 
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probable cause

the reasonable suspicion that a crime has occurred or will occur

Ex: The police officer had probable cause to stop the vehicle due to a traffic violation. 
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barrister
barrister
[noun]

a legal professional qualified and licensed to advocate on behalf of clients in both lower and higher courts

Ex: The barrister specialized in family law, providing guidance and representation in divorce and custody cases. 
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injunction

a legal order from a court that requires a party to do or refrain from doing a specific action

Ex: A temporary injunction was granted, halting the eviction process until the case could be reviewed. 
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affidavit
affidavit
[noun]

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

Ex: She signed an affidavit, swearing under oath to tell the truth in her statement to the court. 
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deposition

a recorded testimony given outside of court by a witness or party involved in a legal case, used as evidence in future proceedings

Ex: The attorney scheduled a deposition with the key witness to gather essential information for the upcoming trial. 
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notary
notary
[noun]

an official authorized to conduct particular legal formalities, especially to make documents legally acceptable

Ex: The notary public witnessed the signing of the legal document and affixed their official seal. 
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adjournment

the temporary suspension or postponement of a legal proceeding or meeting

Ex: The judge called for a brief adjournment to allow the attorneys to review new evidence. 
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acquittal
acquittal
[noun]

an official judgment in court of law that declares someone not guilty of the crime they were charged with

Ex: The defendant was relieved to receive an acquittal after a lengthy trial, as the jury found them not guilty of all charges. 
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infraction

the act of breaking or not obeying a law, agreement, etc.

Ex: The police issued a citation for the minor infraction of jaywalking. 
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indictment

a formal accusation of a crime

Ex: The indictment revealed a complex web of illegal activities involving drug trafficking and money laundering. 
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parole
parole
[noun]

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

Ex: After serving half of his sentence in prison, the inmate was eligible for parole, subject to certain conditions and supervision. 
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subpoena
subpoena
[noun]

a legal document issued by a court or administrative agency, compelling an individual to appear as a witness, produce certain documents, or provide testimony in a legal proceeding

Ex: The attorney served a subpoena on the key witness, requiring their presence at the trial. 
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remit
remit
[noun]

the process of sending a legal case from one court to another for review or resolution, often due to jurisdictional or procedural reasons

Ex: The governor's remit of the prisoner's sentence brought relief to the inmate's family, who had advocated for clemency. 
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tort
tort
[noun]

a civil wrong causing harm, not a crime

Ex: The injured party filed a lawsuit, alleging the tort of negligence after a car accident. 
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ordinance
ordinance
[noun]

an authoritative or established rule, often issued by a governing body

Ex: Residents were asked to comply with the water conservation ordinance during the drought. 
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to extradite

to send someone accused of a crime to the place where the crime happened or where they are wanted for legal matters

Ex: The fugitive was arrested in one country and extradited to face charges in another for embezzlement. 
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to adjudicate

to make a formal decision or judgment about who is right in an argument or dispute

Ex: The judge will adjudicate the case and determine the appropriate legal resolution. 
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to annex
to annex
[Verb]

to attach a document to another, especially in formal or legal writings

Ex: The additional terms were annexed to the main contract for clarity. 
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to exempt
to exempt
[Verb]

to officially excuse someone from a requirement or obligation

Ex: The government announced a program to exempt low-income families from certain property taxes. 
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to remand
to remand
[Verb]

to send a case back to a court of lower authority for additional reconsideration or review

Ex: The appellate court remanded the case to the lower court for further proceedings. 
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to infringe

to violate someone's rights or property

Ex: The company was warned about potential legal consequences if it continued to infringe environmental regulations. 
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witness tampering

the act of unlawfully influencing or intimidating a witness in a legal case

Ex: The defendant was charged with witness tampering after attempting to intimidate a key witness into changing their testimony. 
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to perjure

to lie in a court of law after officially swearing to tell the truth

Ex: It is morally wrong to perjure oneself in court, as it undermines the pursuit of justice. 
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to annul
to annul
[Verb]

to invalidate a legal agreement

Ex: The court ruled to annul the contract, declaring it void from the beginning due to a lack of mutual consent. 
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to co-sign

to sign a document in addition to another person's signature to guarantee a loan or financial obligation

Ex: She agreed to co-sign her friend's car loan. 
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