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ACT Humanities - Causality and Intentionality

Here you will learn some English words related to causality and intentionality, such as "incur", "premise", "reluctant", etc. that will help you ace your ACTs.

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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities
instigation

the act of causing something to begin or occur

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stimulus
stimulus
[noun]

something that triggers a reaction in various areas like psychology or physiology

Ex: Teachers often use interactive and engaging stimuli, like educational games or hands-on activities , to stimulate interest and enhance the learning experience in the classroom .
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foundation

the core principles or base upon which something is started, developed, calculated, or explained

Ex: Understanding cultural diversity is the foundation of effective communication in a globalized world .
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underpinning

a set of opinions, motives, or ideas that serve as a foundation of an argument, claim, etc.

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causality
causality
[noun]

the relationship between a cause and its effect

Ex: The experiment was designed to test the causality of environmental factors on plant growth .
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premise
premise
[noun]

a theory or statement that acts as the foundation of an argument

Ex: The legal case was built on the premise that the defendant had breached the contract intentionally .
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outcome
outcome
[noun]

the result or consequence that follows from a previous action, event, or situation

Ex: The outcome of the election will determine the future direction of the country 's policies .
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to invoke
to invoke
[Verb]

to bring about or cause something to happen

Ex: The music invoked feelings of nostalgia , taking her back to her childhood .
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to underlie

to serve as the foundation or primary cause for something

Ex: Economic factors underlie the recent fluctuations in the stock market .
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to precipitate

to bring about or accelerate the occurrence of something, often resulting in unexpected or unfavorable consequences

Ex: The company 's hasty expansion plans may precipitate financial difficulties .
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to catalyze

to initiate or accelerate a process

Ex: Innovation in education can catalyze improvements in student engagement and learning outcomes .
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to prompt
to prompt
[Verb]

to make something happen

Ex: The discovery of a new species of endangered wildlife prompted conservation efforts to protect its habitat .
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to pose
to pose
[Verb]

to introduce danger, a threat, problem, etc.

Ex: The rapid spread of misinformation on social media platforms poses a challenge to public discourse and understanding .
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to stem
to stem
[Verb]

to be caused by something

Ex: The traffic congestion downtown largely stems from the ongoing construction projects and road closures.
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to animate

to invoke emotions, enthusiasm, or energy in people

Ex: The little gestures of kindness animated the meeting , making it feel warm and welcoming .
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to elicit
to elicit
[Verb]

to make someone react in a certain way or reveal information

Ex: The survey was carefully crafted to elicit specific feedback and opinions from the participants.
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to exert
to exert
[Verb]

to put force on something or to use power in order to influence someone or something

Ex: Large corporations often exert a significant influence on market trends .
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to necessitate

to make something required due to specific circumstances

Ex: Rapid technological advancements necessitate continuous investment in research and development .
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to incur
to incur
[Verb]

to face consequences as a result of one's own actions

Ex: She incurs the responsibility of managing the team 's performance .
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to spearhead

to be the person who leads something like an attack, campaign, movement, etc.

Ex: The CEO spearheaded a new business strategy to revitalize the company .
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to incite
to incite
[Verb]

to encourage or provoke someone to take action

Ex: The rally incited the crowd to stand up for their rights .
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grassroots
grassroots
[Adjective]

originating from the most basic level

Ex: Grassroots strategies were implemented to ensure the intentional and effective use of resources .
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indicative
indicative
[Adjective]

serving as a clear sign or signal of something

Ex: His calm demeanor during the crisis was indicative of his strong leadership abilities .
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conducive
conducive
[Adjective]

leading to the desired goal or result by providing the right conditions

Ex: Positive feedback from parents is conducive to a child 's self-esteem .
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impulse
impulse
[noun]

a sudden strong urge or desire to do something, often without thinking or planning beforehand

Ex: She resisted the impulse to reply angrily to the criticism .
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volition
volition
[noun]

the faculty to use free will and make decisions

Ex: Despite the challenges , she faced them with determination and volition, refusing to give up on her goals .
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resistance

the act of opposing or refusing to accept something one disapproves of or disagrees with

Ex: Resistance from staff delayed the implementation .
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reluctant
reluctant
[Adjective]

not welcoming or willing to do something because it is undesirable

Ex: The dog was reluctant to enter the water , hesitating at the edge of the pool .
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purposeful
purposeful
[Adjective]

having a clear aim or intention

Ex: The architect designed the building with purposeful attention to detail , emphasizing both form and function .
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spontaneous
spontaneous
[Adjective]

tending to act on impulse or in the moment

Ex: Despite her careful nature , she occasionally had spontaneous bursts of creativity , leading to unexpected projects .
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senseless
senseless
[Adjective]

without purpose or reason, often referring to violent or wasteful actions

Ex: The senseless violence shocked the community .
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unintended
unintended
[Adjective]

happening without being planned or deliberately caused

Ex: The social media campaign had unintended consequences , sparking controversy and backlash .
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involuntarily

without conscious control or will

Ex: He flinched involuntarily as the doctor approached with the needle .
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deliberately
deliberately
[Adverb]

in a way that is done consciously and intentionally

Ex: The message was sent deliberately to cause confusion .
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inadvertently

by accident or through lack of attention

Ex: They inadvertently offended the host by not RSVPing .
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readily
readily
[Adverb]

in a willing and unhesitant manner

Ex: The team readily supported the new proposal .
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unwittingly
unwittingly
[Adverb]

without realizing or intending it

Ex: He unwittingly contributed to the problem he was trying to solve .
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unthinkingly
unthinkingly
[Adverb]

in a manner that shows a lack of thought or consideration

Ex: She unthinkingly assumed everyone shared her opinion , leading to a heated discussion .
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purposely
purposely
[Adverb]

in a deliberate or intentional way

Ex: He purposely spoke loudly to get everyone 's attention .
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wilfully
wilfully
[Adverb]

in a deliberate and intentional manner

Ex: He wilfully spread false information to manipulate the situation .
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