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Essential Vocabulary for TOEFL - The Human Body

Here you will learn some English words about the human body, such as "hormone", "forehead", "calf", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
adrenaline

a body hormone produced in case of anger, fear, or excitement that makes the heart beat faster and the body react quicker

Ex: When faced with danger, the body releases adrenaline, triggering the fight-or-flight response. 
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hormone
hormone
[noun]

a chemical substance produced in the body of living things influencing growth and affecting the functionality of cells or tissues

Ex: Insulin, a hormone from the pancreas, controls blood sugar levels. 
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anatomy
anatomy
[noun]

the human body

Ex: Artists often study anatomy to accurately depict the human form in their work. 
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appendix
appendix
[noun]

a small, narrow tube attached to the beginning of the large intestine

Ex: Emma was taken to the hospital with severe pain near her appendix. 
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armpit
armpit
[noun]

the part under the shoulder that is hollow

Ex: The athlete wiped the sweat from his armpits with a towel after a grueling workout. 
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artery
artery
[noun]

any blood vessel, carrying the blood to different organs of body from the heart

Ex: Atherosclerosis, a condition where plaque builds up inside the arteries, can restrict blood flow and lead to serious health issues like heart attacks and strokes. 
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biceps
biceps
[noun]

the large muscle at the front of the upper part of the arm, which flexes the forearm

Ex: He flexed his biceps to show off his strength. 
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breastbone

a long flat bone at the center of the chest that connects the ribs and the shoulder girdle

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calf
calf
[noun]

the muscular part at the back of the leg between the knee and the ankle

Ex: He strained his calf while running, so he had to take a break from exercising. 
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cell
cell
[noun]

an organism's smallest unit, capable of functioning on its own

Ex: The study of cells, known as cell biology or cytology, delves into their structure, function, and interactions. 
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cheekbone
cheekbone
[noun]

the bone that is just below the eye

Ex: The makeup artist applied highlighter to accentuate the model's cheekbones, creating a sculpted look. 
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chin
chin
[noun]

the part of the face below the mouth and above the neck

Ex: Daniel rested his chin on his hand. 
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circulation

the continuous movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels around the body

Ex: Regular exercise can help improve circulation. 
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collarbone

either of the pair of bones that go across the top of the chest from the base of the neck to the shoulders

Ex: He fractured his collarbone during the football game and needed to wear a sling for several weeks. 
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fist
fist
[noun]

a hand closed tightly with the fingers bent into the palm

Ex: Daniel clenched his fist in anger. 
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palm
palm
[noun]

the inner surface of the hand between the wrist and the fingers

Ex: She held the coin in the palm of her hand. 
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forehead
forehead
[noun]

the flat part of the face above the eyebrows and below the hairline

Ex: She wiped the sweat from her forehead. 
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genitals
genitals
[noun]

the external sex organs of the body

Ex: The doctor conducted a thorough examination of the patient's genitals during the routine check-up. 
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heel
heel
[noun]

the rounded back part of the foot below the ankle

Ex: Daniel had a blister on his heel after the hike. 
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gut
gut
[noun]

the lower part of digestive tract responsible for food absorption

Ex: The surgeon made an incision through the abdomen to access the gut during the intestinal surgery. 
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hip
hip
[noun]

either of the two areas at the sides of the body between the waist and the upper legs

Ex: She stood with her hands on her hips. 
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intestine
intestine
[noun]

a long, continuous tube in the body through which the food coming from the stomach moves and is passed

Ex: The doctor explained that the intestine is crucial for nutrient absorption and digestion. 
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stomach
stomach
[noun]

the body part inside our body where the food that we eat goes

Ex: He felt a sense of relief when the doctor assured him that his stomach issue was temporary. 
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joint
joint
[noun]

a place in the body where two bones meet, enabling one of them to bend or move around

Ex: The knee is a complex joint that allows for bending and straightening of the leg. 
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jaw
jaw
[noun]

the lower jawbone or the part of the face covering it

Ex: Daniel broke his jaw in the accident. 
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lap
lap
[noun]

the flat area formed by the upper legs of a person who is sitting down

Ex: Emma placed the book on her lap. 
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limb
limb
[noun]

an arm, leg, wing, flipper, or similar jointed appendage of a person or animal

Ex: The accident left Michael with an injured lower limb. 
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nervous system

the network of neurons and fibers that interpret stimuli and transmit impulses from the body to the brain

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vein
vein
[noun]

a blood vessel that carries blood from the body toward the heart

Ex: The nurse found a vein in Emily's arm before drawing blood. 
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tissue
tissue
[noun]

a group of similar cells that work together to form a particular part of a human, animal, or plant

Ex: Muscle tissue can be damaged by a serious injury. 
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thigh
thigh
[noun]

the upper part of the leg between the hip and the knee

Ex: Emma felt a sharp pain in her left thigh after running. 
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spine
spine
[noun]

the column of connected bones running down the back that supports the body and protects the spinal cord

Ex: Emily injured her spine in a skiing accident. 
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pulse
pulse
[noun]

the regular beating of the arteries caused by the pumping action of the heart

Ex: The nurse checked David's pulse at his wrist. 
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ribcage
ribcage
[noun]

(anatomy) the bony structure in the chest formed by the ribs which protects organs in the thoracic cavity

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skull
skull
[noun]

the bony structure of the head that surrounds and protects the brain

Ex: The helmet protected his skull during the fall. 
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