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Essential Vocabulary for TOEFL - The Human Body

Here you will learn some English words about the human body, such as "hormone", "forehead", "calf", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL

a body hormone produced in case of anger, fear, or excitement that makes the heart beat faster and the body react quicker

Ex: The adrenaline pumping through his veins gave him the courage to confront his fears and speak up .
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hormone
[noun]

a chemical substance produced in the body of living things influencing growth and affecting the functionality of cells or tissues

Ex: Estrogen , a key hormone, influences female sexual development .
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anatomy
[noun]

the human body

Ex: The textbook provided detailed diagrams of anatomy for students to learn from .
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appendix
[noun]

a sack of tissue that is attached to the large intestine and is surgically removed if infected

Ex: Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix and requires surgical removal .
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armpit
[noun]

the part under the shoulder that is hollow

Ex: The shirt had stains under the armpits from excessive sweating .
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artery
[noun]

any blood vessel, carrying the blood to different organs of body from the heart

Ex: Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to various parts of the body .
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biceps
[noun]

the large muscle at the front of the upper part of the arm, which flexes the forearm

Ex: Swelling and pain in the biceps can result from overuse or injury .
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a long flat bone at the center of the chest that connects the ribs and the shoulder girdle

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calf
[noun]

the muscular part at the back of the leg between the knee and the ankle

Ex: The dancer 's graceful movements showcased the strength of her well-toned calves.
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cell
[noun]

an organism's smallest unit, capable of functioning on its own

Ex: Cells are the building blocks of life , with each one containing a complex system of organelles and molecules .
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cheekbone
[noun]

the bone that is just below the eye

Ex: She admired her grandmother 's high cheekbones, a trait that seemed to run in the family .
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chin
[noun]

the lowest part of our face that is below our mouth

Ex: She wore a chin strap to protect her jaw during sports activities.
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the flow and movement of blood around and in all parts of the body

Ex: The doctor checked his circulation to ensure there were no issues with blood flow .
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either of the pair of bones that go across the top of the chest from the base of the neck to the shoulders

Ex: The athlete 's strong collarbone structure helped support the weight of heavy lifting .
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fist
[noun]

the hand with the fingers tightly bent toward the palm

Ex: The protestor raised a defiant fist in solidarity with the cause , chanting slogans with the crowd .
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palm
[noun]

the inner surface of the hand between the wrist and fingers

Ex: The fortune teller examined the lines on her palm.
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forehead
[noun]

the part of the face above the eyebrows and below the hair

Ex: She felt a kiss on her forehead, a gesture of affection from her partner before he left for work .
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genitals
[noun]

the external sex organs of the body

Ex: He felt a sudden sharp pain in his genitals after accidentally hitting himself with a soccer ball .
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heel
[noun]

the back part of the foot, below the ankle

Ex: The dancer balanced gracefully on her tiptoes, never touching her heels to the ground.
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gut
[noun]

the lower part of digestive tract responsible for food absorption

Ex: The nutritionist emphasized the importance of fiber in maintaining a healthy gut and regular bowel movements .
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hip
[noun]

each of the parts above the legs and below the waist at either side of the body

Ex: The workout included exercises to strengthen the hips.
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intestine
[noun]

a long, continuous tube in the body through which the food coming from the stomach moves and is passed

Ex: The intestines play a vital role in breaking down food and absorbing nutrients .
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stomach
[noun]

the body part inside our body where the food that we eat goes

Ex: She felt a wave of nausea in her stomach during the car ride .
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joint
[noun]

a place in the body where two bones meet, enabling one of them to bend or move around

Ex: He underwent surgery to repair a damaged joint in his thumb , restoring functionality and relieving pain .
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jaw
[noun]

the lower bone of the face containing the chin and the bottom teeth

Ex: Chewing gum for too long can sometimes cause soreness in the jaw.
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lap
[noun]

the upper part of the legs that form a flat surface when one is seated

Ex: The elderly woman sat in her rocking chair , gently rocking back and forth with her knitting in her lap.
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limb
[noun]

an arm or a leg of a person or any four-legged animal, or a wing of any bird

Ex: The talented artist drew a detailed sketch of an eagle 's limb, showcasing its intricate feathers and structure .
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the network of neurons and fibers that interpret stimuli and transmit impulses from the body to the brain

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vein
[noun]

any tube or vessel that carries blood to one's heart

Ex: Sometimes veins can swell and become painful , especially in the legs .
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tissue
[noun]

a group of cells in the body of living things, forming their different parts

Ex: Adipose tissue , commonly known as fat tissue, stores energy and cushions organs in the body .
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thigh
[noun]

the top part of the leg between the hip and the knee

Ex: The soccer player used his thigh to control the ball during the match .
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spine
[noun]

the row of small bones that are joined together down the center of the back of the body

Ex: In yoga , many poses are designed to improve flexibility and strength in the spine.
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pulse
[noun]

the rhythmic beating of the blood vessels created when the heart pumps, especially felt on the wrist or at the sides of the neck

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ribcage
[noun]

(anatomy) the bony structure in the chest formed by the ribs which protects organs in the thoracic cavity

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skull
[noun]

the bony structure that surrounds and provides protection for a person's or animal's brain

Ex: The skull protects the brain , one of the most vital organs in the body .
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Essential Vocabulary for TOEFL
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