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Vocabular Esențial pentru TOEFL - Corpul Uman

Aici veți învăța câteva cuvinte în engleză despre corpul uman, cum ar fi "hormon", "frunte", "gambă" etc., care sunt necesare pentru examenul TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
adrenaline
adrenaline
[substantiv]

a body hormone produced in case of anger, fear, or excitement that makes the heart beat faster and the body react quicker

adrenalină

adrenalină

Ex: When faced with danger, the body releases adrenaline, triggering the fight-or-flight response. 
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hormone
hormone
[substantiv]

a chemical substance produced in the body of living things influencing growth and affecting the functionality of cells or tissues

hormon, substanță hormonală

hormon, substanță hormonală

Ex: Insulin, a hormone from the pancreas, controls blood sugar levels. 
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anatomy
anatomy
[substantiv]

the human body

anatomie

anatomie

Ex: Artists often study anatomy to accurately depict the human form in their work. 
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appendix
appendix
[substantiv]

a sack of tissue that is attached to the large intestine and is surgically removed if infected

apendice, apendice vermiformă

apendice, apendice vermiformă

Ex: An inflamed appendix can cause severe abdominal pain and fever. 
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armpit
armpit
[substantiv]

the part under the shoulder that is hollow

subraț, gropița axilară

subraț, gropița axilară

Ex: The athlete wiped the sweat from his armpits with a towel after a grueling workout. 
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artery
artery
[substantiv]

any blood vessel, carrying the blood to different organs of body from the heart

arteră, vas de sânge

arteră, vas de sânge

Ex: Atherosclerosis, a condition where plaque builds up inside the arteries, can restrict blood flow and lead to serious health issues like heart attacks and strokes. 
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biceps
biceps
[substantiv]

the large muscle at the front of the upper part of the arm, which flexes the forearm

biceps

biceps

Ex: He flexed his biceps to show off his strength. 
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breastbone
breastbone
[substantiv]

a long flat bone at the center of the chest that connects the ribs and the shoulder girdle

stern, osul pieptului

stern, osul pieptului

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calf
calf
[substantiv]

the muscular part at the back of the leg between the knee and the ankle

gambă, muscul gambei

gambă, muscul gambei

Ex: He strained his calf while running, so he had to take a break from exercising. 
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cell
cell
[substantiv]

an organism's smallest unit, capable of functioning on its own

celulă

celulă

Ex: The study of cells, known as cell biology or cytology, delves into their structure, function, and interactions. 
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cheekbone
cheekbone
[substantiv]

the bone that is just below the eye

osul zigomatic, osul de sub ochi

osul zigomatic, osul de sub ochi

Ex: The makeup artist applied highlighter to accentuate the model's cheekbones, creating a sculpted look. 
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chin
chin
[substantiv]

the lowest part of our face that is below our mouth

bărbie, partea inferioară a feței

bărbie, partea inferioară a feței

Ex: He gently rested his chin on her shoulder. 
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circulation
circulation
[substantiv]

the flow and movement of blood around and in all parts of the body

circulație

circulație

Ex: Regular exercise improves blood circulation throughout the body. 
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collarbone
collarbone
[substantiv]

either of the pair of bones that go across the top of the chest from the base of the neck to the shoulders

claviculă, osul gâtului

claviculă, osul gâtului

Ex: He fractured his collarbone during the football game and needed to wear a sling for several weeks. 
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fist
fist
[substantiv]

the hand with the fingers tightly bent toward the palm

pumn

pumn

Ex: He clenched his fist tightly in frustration, feeling the anger boiling inside him. 
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palm
palm
[substantiv]

the inner surface of the hand between the wrist and fingers

palmă, interiorul palmei

palmă, interiorul palmei

Ex: He gently slapped his forehead with the palm of his hand in frustration. 
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forehead
forehead
[substantiv]

the part of the face above the eyebrows and below the hair

frunte

frunte

Ex: She wiped the sweat from her forehead after running the marathon under the hot sun. 
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genitals
genitals
[substantiv]

the external sex organs of the body

organe genitale, genitalii

organe genitale, genitalii

Ex: The doctor conducted a thorough examination of the patient's genitals during the routine check-up. 
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heel
heel
[substantiv]

the back part of the foot, below the ankle

călcâi

călcâi

Ex: He wore comfortable shoes to support his heels during the long walk. 
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gut
gut
[substantiv]

the lower part of digestive tract responsible for food absorption

intestin, maț

intestin, maț

Ex: The surgeon made an incision through the abdomen to access the gut during the intestinal surgery. 
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hip
hip
[substantiv]

each of the parts above the legs and below the waist at either side of the body

șold, bazin

șold, bazin

Ex: She rested her hands on her hips while contemplating the situation. 
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intestine
intestine
[substantiv]

a long, continuous tube in the body through which the food coming from the stomach moves and is passed

intestin

intestin

Ex: The doctor explained that the intestine is crucial for nutrient absorption and digestion. 
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stomach
stomach
[substantiv]

the body part inside our body where the food that we eat goes

stomac, burtă

stomac, burtă

Ex: He felt a sense of relief when the doctor assured him that his stomach issue was temporary. 
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joint
joint
[substantiv]

a place in the body where two bones meet, enabling one of them to bend or move around

articulație, îmbinare

articulație, îmbinare

Ex: The knee is a complex joint that allows for bending and straightening of the leg. 
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jaw
jaw
[substantiv]

the lower bone of the face containing the chin and the bottom teeth

falca, mandibula

falca, mandibula

Ex: He clenched his jaw in frustration when he heard the news. 
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lap
lap
[substantiv]

the upper part of the legs that form a flat surface when one is seated

poală

poală

Ex: She rested her book on her lap, enjoying the warmth of the sun as she read in the garden. 
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limb
limb
[substantiv]

an arm or a leg of a person or any four-legged animal, or a wing of any bird

membru, braț sau picior

membru, braț sau picior

Ex: The athlete injured his limb during the race and had to withdraw from the competition. 
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nervous system
nervous system
[substantiv]

the network of neurons and fibers that interpret stimuli and transmit impulses from the body to the brain

sistemul nervos, rețea neuronală

sistemul nervos, rețea neuronală

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vein
vein
[substantiv]

any tube or vessel that carries blood to one's heart

venă, vas sanguin

venă, vas sanguin

Ex: Veins help move blood from the legs and arms back to the heart. 
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tissue
tissue
[substantiv]

a group of cells in the body of living things, forming their different parts

țesut, țesut celular

țesut, țesut celular

Ex: Muscle tissue enables movement and supports the body's structure. 
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thigh
thigh
[substantiv]

the top part of the leg between the hip and the knee

coapsă, partea superioară a piciorului

coapsă, partea superioară a piciorului

Ex: She crossed her legs, resting her hand on her left thigh. 
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spine
spine
[substantiv]

the row of small bones that are joined together down the center of the back of the body

coloană vertebrală

coloană vertebrală

Ex: The surgeon carefully examined the patient's spine to assess the extent of the injury. 
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pulse
pulse
[substantiv]

the rhythmic beating of the blood vessels created when the heart pumps, especially felt on the wrist or at the sides of the neck

puls, bătaie

puls, bătaie

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ribcage
ribcage
[substantiv]

(anatomy) the bony structure in the chest formed by the ribs which protects organs in the thoracic cavity

cutia toracică, torace

cutia toracică, torace

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skull
skull
[substantiv]

the bony structure that surrounds and provides protection for a person's or animal's brain

craniu, cutie craniană

craniu, cutie craniană

Ex: In anatomy class, they learned about the different bones that form the human skull. 
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