SAT Natural Sciences - Electromagnetism and Mechanics

Here you will learn some English words related to electromagnetism and mechanics, such as "torque", "anode", and "circuit", that you will need to ace your SATs.

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voltage [noun]

the measure of electric potential difference between two points in a circuit, expressed in volts

Ex: A neuron 's resting voltage is −70mV.

resistor [noun]

an electrical component designed to limit or control the flow of electric current in a circuit, typically by providing resistance

Ex: The color-coded bands on resistors indicate their resistance value , tolerance , and sometimes temperature coefficient .

circuit [noun]

the complete circle through which an electric current flows, typically consists of the source of electric energy

Ex:

semiconductor [noun]

a solid substance that conducts electricity or heat better than insulators, but not as well as most metals

superconductivity [noun]

a phenomenon where certain materials conduct electricity without resistance when cooled to extremely low temperatures

Ex: Superconductivity allows for highly efficient power transmission with no energy loss .

to electrify [verb]

to apply an electric charge to a conductor

Ex: Engineers electrify the fences to prevent animals from escaping .

electrode [noun]

a conductor through which electricity travels to or from an object, such as batteries

static electricity [noun]

a form of electricity generated by friction between two materials, resulting in an imbalance of electric charges on their surfaces

Ex: Static electricity can ignite flammable gases when refueling vehicles due to the discharge from your body .

rechargeable [adjective]

(of a battery or device) capable of being supplied with electrical power again

Ex: He prefers rechargeable tools for convenience and cost-effectiveness .

generator [noun]

a machine that produces electricity by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy

Ex: Diesel generators are commonly used as backup power sources in case of electrical grid failures .

anode [noun]

a positively charged electrode in an electrical device where oxidation occurs, resulting in the release of electrons

Ex: The anode in an electrolytic capacitor stores and releases electrical energy as it charges and discharges .

cathode [noun]

a negatively charged electrode within an electrical device, from which electrons flow out into the external circuit

Ex: Electrons are emitted from the cathode of the X-ray tube , producing the electron beam necessary for generating X-rays .

solar cell [noun]

a device that converts the energy of the sun into electricity

Ex: Advances in solar cell technology have led to more efficient and affordable solar energy systems .

solar irradiance [noun]

the amount of solar energy received per unit area on Earth's surface

radiation [noun]

energy transmitted through space or matter in the form of waves or particles

Ex:

photovoltaic [adjective]

related to the technology that turns sunlight directly into electricity

Ex: The calculator runs on photovoltaic power , eliminating the need for batteries .

electromagnetic [adjective]

referring to the combined interaction of electric and magnetic fields, often associated with waves or radiation

Ex: Electromagnetic fields are generated by electric currents and can exert forces on charged particles .

magnetic field [noun]

an invisible area around a magnetic object where magnetic forces can attract or repel other objects

Ex: The MRI machine uses a powerful magnetic field to produce detailed images of the human body .

lever [noun]

a long rigid bar that is put under a heavy object in order to move it

Ex: She used a wooden lever to move the heavy crate across the floor .

fulcrum [noun]

a point or support on which a lever pivots or rotates in order to lift or move objects

Ex: The strategic partnership served as the fulcrum for the company 's expansion into new markets .

vibration [noun]

the rapid back-and-forth movement of an object

Ex: Engineers tested the vibration of the car engine to ensure it ran smoothly .

torque [noun]

a rotational force measured in newton-meters or foot-pounds

Ex: Engineers design engines to produce high torque for improved acceleration .

spring constant [noun]

a measure of a spring's stiffness, indicating how much force is needed to stretch or compress it

counterweight [noun]

a mass used to provide balance to another mass

Ex: To balance the scale , she added a counterweight to the opposite side .

supersonic [adjective]

having a speed greater than that of sound

Ex: The experimental car achieved supersonic speeds on the test track , pushing the limits of automotive technology .

acceleration [noun]

(physics) the increase in velocity over time

Ex: Objects in free fall have a constant acceleration .

terminal velocity [noun]

the constant speed reached by a falling object when the drag force equals the gravitational force pulling it downward, resulting in no further acceleration

Ex: Engineers calculate terminal velocity to design safe parachute deployments for spacecraft re-entry .

aviation [noun]

the study of the design, development, and operation of aircrafts, focusing on principles of aerodynamics, propulsion, and material science

hydraulics [noun]

a branch of science and engineering that deals with the mechanical properties of liquids, particularly their behavior in confined spaces and under pressure

Ex: The pilot skillfully maneuvered the aircraft , relying on hydraulics to control the ailerons and elevators during flight .

robotics [noun]

an area of technology that is concerned with the study or use of robots

gravity [noun]

(physics) the universal force of attraction between any pair of objects with mass

Ex: Einstein 's theory of general relativity revolutionized our understanding of gravity by explaining it as the curvature of spacetime caused by mass .

SAT Natural Sciences
Physics	Electromagnetism and Mechanics	Chemistry	Chemical Substances and Properties
Biology	Biochemistry and Cell Structure	Medical Sciences	Neurology and Blood Biochemistry
Anatomy and Genetics	Disease and Pathology	Zoology	Animal Life and Evolution
Agriculture and Forestry	Botany and Gardening	Geology	Geography and Oceanography
Astronomy and Aerospace Science	Physical World	Everyday Objects	Technical Objects
Physical Features	Appearance and Texture	Sound and Size	Natural World
Land and Water	Movement	Human Movement	Placement
Restriction	Mental Capacities and Failures	Vision and Precision