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Lista Słówek Poziomu C2 - Architecture

Tutaj nauczysz się wszystkich niezbędnych słów do rozmowy o architekturze, zebranych specjalnie dla uczących się na poziomie C2.

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CEFR C2 Vocabulary
portico
portico
[Rzeczownik]

a covered entrance or porch with columns, typically leading to the main entrance of a building and serving as a decorative architectural feature

portyk, ganek kolumnowy

portyk, ganek kolumnowy

Ex: The grand entrance of the mansion was adorned with a majestic portico, supported by towering columns. 
balustrade
balustrade
[Rzeczownik]

a row of connected posts placed at the edge of a height such as stairway, balcony, etc. in order to protect people from falling

balustrada, poręcz

balustrada, poręcz

Ex: The staircase was adorned with an ornate wrought iron balustrade, adding a touch of elegance to the foyer. 
mantelpiece
mantelpiece
[Rzeczownik]

a shelf that is made of wood or stone and is above a fireplace

półka kominkowa, zwieńczenie kominka

półka kominkowa, zwieńczenie kominka

Ex: The family portrait hung proudly above the mantelpiece, capturing cherished memories for generations to come. 
eclecticism
eclecticism
[Rzeczownik]

a style or approach that combines various architectural influences, elements, or styles from different time periods or cultures to create a unique and diverse design

eklektyzm, synteza architektoniczna

eklektyzm, synteza architektoniczna

Ex: The building's design embraced eclecticism, blending elements of various architectural styles from different time periods. 
atrium
atrium
[Rzeczownik]

a large area typically with glass walls or roof in the middle of a building such a shopping center

atrium, centralna hala

atrium, centralna hala

Ex: The grand atrium of the hotel featured a soaring glass ceiling, allowing natural light to flood the space and creating a sense of openness. 
vault
vault
[Rzeczownik]

an architectural structure, often made of stone or concrete, that forms a curved or arched ceiling or roof, providing strength, support, and architectural beauty to a space

sklepienie, łuk

sklepienie, łuk

Ex: The cathedral boasted a magnificent vaulted ceiling, adorned with intricate ribbed arches and colorful stained glass windows. 
facade
facade
[Rzeczownik]

the front of a building, particularly one that is large and has an elegant appearance

fasada

fasada

Ex: The facade of the historic building was adorned with intricate carvings and ornate details, showcasing the craftsmanship of its era. 
gable
gable
[Rzeczownik]

the upper part of a house wall in the shape of a triangle where it meets a sloping roof

szczyt, fronton

szczyt, fronton

Ex: The Tudor-style house had a steeply pitched gable roof, giving it a distinctive silhouette. 
mezzanine
mezzanine
[Rzeczownik]

a floor situated between two other floors of a building, which is smaller compared to the two

mezzanino, półpiętro

mezzanino, półpiętro

Ex: The bookstore had a cozy reading area on the mezzanine, offering a quiet retreat for book lovers. 
parapet
parapet
[Rzeczownik]

a low protective wall or railing built along the edge of a roof, balcony, bridge, or other elevated structure to prevent people from falling

parapet, balustrada

parapet, balustrada

Ex: The ancient castle's towering stone walls were adorned with decorative parapets, providing both protection and visual interest. 
pergola
pergola
[Rzeczownik]

an outdoor structure with a framework of vertical posts and cross-beams, often covered with climbing plants for shade

pergola, altana

pergola, altana

Ex: The backyard featured a charming pergola, providing a cozy spot for outdoor gatherings under a canopy of blooming vines. 
vestibule
vestibule
[Rzeczownik]

a small entrance hall or lobby located just inside the main entrance of a building, serving as a transitional space between the exterior and the interior

przedsionek, hol wejściowy

przedsionek, hol wejściowy

Ex: The hotel's grand entrance welcomed guests into a spacious vestibule adorned with elegant chandeliers and artwork. 
veranda
veranda
[Rzeczownik]

a roofed area with an open front at the ground level, which is attached to the side of a house

weranda, ganek

weranda, ganek

Ex: The colonial-style house had a wide, wraparound veranda where residents could relax and enjoy the breeze. 
alcove
alcove
[Rzeczownik]

a recessed part of a wall that is built further back from the rest of it

alkowa, wnęka

alkowa, wnęka

Ex: The library had a cozy alcove with built-in bookshelves, perfect for curling up with a good book. 
nook
nook
[Rzeczownik]

a small, cozy corner created where two walls meet

kąt, przytulny kącik

kąt, przytulny kącik

Ex: In the living room, a comfortable armchair nestled in the corner created a perfect reading nook bathed in soft natural light. 
tympanum
tympanum
[Rzeczownik]

the semi-circular or triangular space enclosed by the lintel and arch above a doorway, often decorated with sculptural reliefs or intricate designs

tympanon, przestrzeń półkolista lub trójkątna nad drzwiami

tympanon, przestrzeń półkolista lub trójkątna nad drzwiami

Ex: The church's facade was adorned with a magnificent tympanum depicting scenes from biblical stories, intricately carved in stone. 
volute
volute
[Rzeczownik]

a spiral or scroll-like architectural ornament, typically found at the top of a column capital, staircase railing, or decorative molding

wolut, ornament spiralny

wolut, ornament spiralny

Ex: The Corinthian capital was adorned with elegant volutes, adding a sense of grace and movement to the column. 
spandrel
spandrel
[Rzeczownik]

the triangular or curved space between an arch and the surrounding vertical supports, typically filled with decorative elements or panels

spandrel, wypełnienie łuku

spandrel, wypełnienie łuku

Ex: The Gothic cathedral's windows were adorned with intricate stained glass, filling the spandrels with vibrant colors and patterns. 
quatrefoil
quatrefoil
[Rzeczownik]

a decorative element or motif consisting of four overlapping circles or lobes that form a symmetrical shape resembling a four-leaf clover

czterolistna koniczyna, motyw czteroliścia

czterolistna koniczyna, motyw czteroliścia

Ex: The Gothic cathedral's rose window was adorned with a stunning quatrefoil design, symbolizing unity and harmony. 
pediment
pediment
[Rzeczownik]

the triangular upper portion of the entrance of a building, often seen in buildings with Classical architecture

fronton, trójkątny fronton

fronton, trójkątny fronton

Ex: The neoclassical building had a grand entrance adorned with a triangular pediment, supported by columns. 
niche
niche
[Rzeczownik]

a hollow space in a wall, used for putting in decorative objects such a statue, or other decorative items

nisza, wnęka

nisza, wnęka

Ex: The cathedral's interior was adorned with ornate niches, each housing a statue of a saint or biblical figure. 
quoin
quoin
[Rzeczownik]

the corner angle of a building, typically formed by masonry blocks or stones

narożnik, kamień narożny

narożnik, kamień narożny

Ex: The Renaissance palace was distinguished by its rusticated quoins, adding texture and visual interest to the corners of the building. 
keystone
keystone
[Rzeczownik]

a stone located at the top center of an arch, keeping all the other stones together

kamień węgielny, kluczowy kamień

kamień węgielny, kluczowy kamień

Ex: The archway was supported by a central keystone, which locked the structure into place and distributed the weight evenly. 
entablature
entablature
[Rzeczownik]

the horizontal, decorative element that rests on top of columns or pillars in architecture

entablatura, gzyms

entablatura, gzyms

Ex: The Classical temple was adorned with a decorative entablature supported by fluted columns, epitomizing the elegance of ancient Greek architecture. 
gargoyle
gargoyle
[Rzeczownik]

stone figures that resemble a hideous creature and that are attached to the top of some old buildings, particularly old churches, for carrying rain water off the roof

gargulec, groteskowa figura

gargulec, groteskowa figura

Ex: The medieval cathedral was adorned with grotesque gargoyles, which served both as decorative elements and functional rain spouts. 
abacus
abacus
[Rzeczownik]

a flat, stone block that sits on top of a column, used to support the parts above it such as a roof

abakus, płyta

abakus, płyta

Ex: In classical architecture, the abacus is the flat slab that sits atop a column's capital, providing a stable platform for the entablature above. 
rib vault
rib vault
[Rzeczownik]

an architectural feature that consists of a series of arched ribs or arches that intersect to form a structural framework supporting a vaulted ceiling

sklepienie żebrowe, żebrowe sklepienie krzyżowe

sklepienie żebrowe, żebrowe sklepienie krzyżowe

Ex: The Gothic cathedral was renowned for its intricate rib vaulting, which allowed for expansive, open spaces within the nave. 
loggia
loggia
[Rzeczownik]

a room or gallery that is open in one or more sides, particularly one that is attached to a house and faces a garden on one side

loggia, otwarta galeria

loggia, otwarta galeria

Ex: The Mediterranean villa had a spacious loggia overlooking the garden, providing a shaded retreat for outdoor dining and relaxation. 
hypostyle
hypostyle
[Rzeczownik]

a large hall with a roof supported by many columns

hypostyl, sala hypostylowa

hypostyl, sala hypostylowa

Ex: The ancient Egyptian temple was characterized by its vast hypostyle hall, filled with rows of towering columns supporting the roof. 
buttress
buttress
[Rzeczownik]

a protruding structure that supports a building or wall and is made out of bricks or stones

przypora, skarpowanie

przypora, skarpowanie

Ex: The Gothic cathedral's towering buttresses provided essential structural support, allowing for the construction of soaring vaulted ceilings. 
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