Medical Science - Types of Medicine

Here you will learn some English words related to the different types of medicine, such as "antidote", "emetic", and "painkiller".

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Medical Science

a drug that is used to treat people who feel extremely sad and anxious

antidote [noun]

a substance that counteracts or controls the effects of a poison

Ex: The antidote for acetaminophen overdose is N-acetylcysteine , which helps protect the liver from damage .
antiviral [adjective]

inhibiting or destroying the growth and replication of viruses

Ex:

a drug that fights viral infections

Ex: Researchers are constantly developing new antivirals to combat emerging viral threats such as Zika and Ebola .

a stimulant used for ADHD and narcolepsy but is also associated with misuse and addiction

Ex: When taken as prescribed , amphetamines can be effective in treating certain conditions .

a pain-relieving medication

Ex: Over-the-counter analgesics like acetaminophen are commonly used to relieve mild to moderate pain .
antacid [noun]

a medication that reduces or neutralizes the acidity of the body, particularly the stomach

Ex: The doctor suggested taking an antacid after meals to reduce stomach discomfort .

a substance or medication that inhibits the clotting of blood

Ex: Individuals with certain heart conditions may take anticoagulants as a preventive measure to reduce the risk of strokes .

the substances, medications, or treatments that reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms associated with inflammatory conditions, such as pain and swelling

Ex: For muscle aches , an anti-inflammatory pill can provide relief .

any organic compound derived from barbituric acid that is used as a sedative and greatly reduces the activity of the nervous system

a medication that reduces heart rate and blood pressure by blocking the effects of adrenaline

Ex: The cardiologist recommended a beta blocker to control the patient 's rapid heart rate .

a type of medicine used when someone has a cold and a blocked nose to help them breathe more easily

Ex:

a substance, such as a medication or alcohol, that slows down the central nervous system, causing relaxation and reduced function

Ex:
emetic [noun]

a substance that causes vomiting and is used in cases of poisoning or overdose to remove harmful substances from the stomach

Ex: In cases of accidental ingestion , an emetic can be given to induce vomiting .

a medicine that helps clear mucus and phlegm, relieving coughs and congestion

Ex: Expectorants work by thinning mucus , making it easier to cough up .

a medication designed to enhance fertility by addressing hormonal imbalances or stimulating the ovaries to improve the chances of conception

Ex: Some couples use fertility drugs to increase their chances of getting pregnant .

the medicinal products made from plants or plant extracts used for their therapeutic properties

Ex: I prefer herbal medicine options for minor health issues .
hypnotic [noun]

a medication that induces sleep

Ex: The sleep specialist recommended a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic for the patient with a history of sleep disturbances .

a drug or treatment that effectively prevents or cures a specific disease or condition with minimal or no harmful side effects

Ex: Using sunscreen is a magic bullet for preventing sunburn .

a dietary supplement that contains a combination of essential vitamins and minerals, commonly taken orally in the form of tablets, capsules, or gummies

Ex: He made sure to include a multivitamin in his morning routine to supplement his diet .
opioid [noun]

any drugs with the same effects as opium, medicinally used for reducing extreme pain

a type of medicine that is used to reduce or relieve pain

Ex: He reached for an over-the-counter painkiller to alleviate his muscle pain from the workout .
pastille [noun]

a sweet that contains medicine or is flavored with fruit to treat sore throat

over-the-counter remedies sold without scientific validation for their effectiveness and safety

Ex: Some patent medicines contained ingredients with questionable efficacy .
pessary [noun]

a device placed in the vagina to support pelvic organs or manage certain gynecological conditions

Ex: The gynecologist explained the benefits and limitations of using a pessary .

a medication that needs a written order from a licensed healthcare provider to be bought because of its potential side effects and risks

Ex: The doctor prescribed a common painkiller as a prescription drug for my injury .

a drug, vaccine, or treatment used to prevent infection or disease

Ex: Prophylactics are given to prevent infection after surgery .

a substance that promotes bowel movements to relieve constipation

Ex: Some fruits and vegetables can act as natural purgatives .
relaxant [noun]

a substance or medication that induces a state of relaxation by reducing tension, stress, or muscle activity

Ex:
sedative [noun]

any drug that is used to make one feel calm or induce sleep

a medication taken to induce sleep or relieve insomnia

Ex: It 's important to use sleeping pills only as directed to avoid dependency .
statin [noun]

a medication that lowers cholesterol levels to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases

Ex:

a medication form inserted into the body, usually in the rectum or vagina, where it dissolves or melts to release the medication

Ex: Suppositories are often used for delivering medications in a convenient form .

a substance that controls or inhibits certain physiological processes, commonly used to alleviate symptoms like coughing or appetite

Ex: It 's essential to follow the recommended dosage when using a suppressant .
booster [noun]

an additional dose of vaccine required periodically in order to increase, maintain, or renew the effects of a previous one

tincture [noun]

(pharmacology) a liquid medicine made by soaking a plant or herb in alcohol to extract its healing properties

Ex: The label on the tincture bottle provided instructions for storage .
vaccine [noun]

a substance, often administered through needle injections, that stimulates the body's immune response against harmful diseases

Ex: Health officials recommended getting a COVID-19 vaccine to curb the spread of the virus .

a medication that numbs a specific part of the body to block pain during medical procedures

Ex: The surgeon carefully applied a local anesthetic before stitching the wound .

any device, drug, or method that is used to prevent pregnancy

a‌ medicine, often in a form of liquid, that one takes to relieve coughing

Ex: Cough medicine can help reduce coughing at night .
diazepam [noun]

a tranquilizing drug used to treat mild to moderate anxiety and tension

downer [noun]

a sedative or depressant drug, particularly a barbiturate

laxative [noun]

a substance, usually a drug, used to stimulate evacuation of the bowels

‌a substance one drinks that helps to treat or relieve indigestion

a drug that is used to treat symptoms of anxiety and insomnia

tonic [noun]

a drug that makes one feel stronger, healthier, or better, particularly used to treat exhaustion

a medicinal substance, particularly one prepared for use as a drug

Ex: Over-the-counter pain relievers are common examples of pharmaceutics .

a medication that induces a state of calmness and relaxation, often prescribed to alleviate anxiety or promote sleep

Ex: