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Cambridge IELTS 18 - Akademiko - Pagsusulit 3 - Pagbasa - Bahagi 1 (2)

Dito mo makikita ang bokabularyo mula sa Test 3 - Pagbasa - Passage 1 (2) sa Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic coursebook, upang matulungan kang maghanda para sa iyong IELTS exam.

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Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic
to factor in
[Pandiwa]

to take into consideration, particularly in decision making

isaalang-alang, konsiderahin

isaalang-alang, konsiderahin

Ex: When assessing a candidate for a job , employers often factor in both qualifications and cultural fit within the organization .Kapag tinatasa ang isang kandidato para sa isang trabaho, ang mga employer ay madalas na **isinasaalang-alang** ang parehong mga kwalipikasyon at kultural na akma sa loob ng organisasyon.
to ship
[Pandiwa]

to send goods or individuals from one place to another using some form of transportation

ipadala, magpadala

ipadala, magpadala

Ex: The automotive company ships finished cars to dealerships across different regions for sale.Ang kumpanya ng automotive ay **naghahatid** ng mga tapos na kotse sa mga dealership sa iba't ibang rehiyon para ibenta.
fossil fuel
[Pangngalan]

a fuel that is found in nature and obtained from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago, such as coal and gas

panggatong na fossil, enerhiyang fossil

panggatong na fossil, enerhiyang fossil

Ex: Many cars still rely on fossil fuels like gasoline .Maraming kotse ang umaasa pa rin sa **fossil fuels** tulad ng gasolina.
to make sense
[Parirala]

to be understandable in a way that is reasonable

Ex: It makes sense to save money for emergencies rather than spending it all at once.
perspective
[Pangngalan]

a specific manner of considering something

pananaw, perspektibo

pananaw, perspektibo

Ex: The documentary provided a global perspective on climate change and its impact .Ang dokumentaryo ay nagbigay ng isang pandaigdigang **pananaw** sa pagbabago ng klima at epekto nito.
promising
[pang-uri]

indicating potential for success or positive outcomes

nangangako, may potensyal

nangangako, may potensyal

Ex: The promising athlete is expected to excel in the upcoming competition .Inaasahang magiging matagumpay ang **nangangakong** atleta sa darating na kompetisyon.
unproven
[pang-uri]

not proved

hindi napatunayan, hindi napatotohanan

hindi napatunayan, hindi napatotohanan

abundant
[pang-uri]

existing or available in large quantities

sagana, masagana

sagana, masagana

Ex: During the rainy season , the region experiences abundant rainfall .Sa panahon ng tag-ulan, ang rehiyon ay nakakaranas ng **saganang** pag-ulan.
innovation
[Pangngalan]

a method, product, way of doing something, etc. that is newly introduced

pagbabago, inobasyon

pagbabago, inobasyon

Ex: The smartphone was considered a groundbreaking innovation when first launched .Ang smartphone ay itinuturing na isang **makabagong** pagbabago noong unang inilunsad.
institute
[Pangngalan]

an organization focused on a specific field of study or training, offering programs and services related to science, technology, medicine, business, or the arts

instituto, institusyon

instituto, institusyon

affair
[Pangngalan]

an event that concerns the public or is of political importance

pangyayari, usapin

pangyayari, usapin

to come to a decision or judgment after considering evidence, arguments, or facts

Ex: The committee reviewed the proposals and debated extensively before reaching a conclusion.
novel
[pang-uri]

new and unlike anything else

bago, orihinal

bago, orihinal

Ex: He came up with a novel strategy to improve sales .Naisip niya ang isang **bagong estratehiya** upang mapabuti ang mga benta.

to successfully overcome or manage a problem or a difficult situation

lampasan, tagumpay

lampasan, tagumpay

Ex: The student broke through the exam stress with effective studying .Ang estudyante ay **nalampasan** ang stress sa exam sa pamamagitan ng epektibong pag-aaral.
at present
[pang-abay]

at the current moment or during the existing time

sa kasalukuyan, ngayon

sa kasalukuyan, ngayon

Ex: The product is not available at present, but it will be restocked next week .Ang produkto ay hindi available **sa kasalukuyan**, ngunit ito ay irere-stock sa susunod na linggo.
cost-effective
[pang-uri]

producing good results without costing too much

matipid, mabisa sa gastos

matipid, mabisa sa gastos

Ex: The marketing campaign focused on social media was more cost-effective than traditional advertising methods .Ang marketing campaign na nakatuon sa social media ay mas **cost-effective** kaysa sa tradisyonal na mga paraan ng advertising.
raw material
[Pangngalan]

a basic substance used in manufacturing or production that has not yet been processed or refined

hilaw na materyal, di-prosesong materyal

hilaw na materyal, di-prosesong materyal

Ex: Silicon is a vital raw material in electronics for the production of semiconductors and solar panels .Ang silicon ay isang mahalagang **hilaw na materyal** sa electronics para sa produksyon ng semiconductors at solar panels.
shortage
[Pangngalan]

a lack of something needed, such as supplies, resources, or people

kakulangan, kawalan

kakulangan, kawalan

Ex: The pandemic caused a shortage of personal protective equipment .Ang pandemya ay nagdulot ng **kakulangan** ng personal na kagamitang pananggalang.
resistance
[Pangngalan]

the act of refusing to accept or obey something such as a plan, law, or change

paglaban

paglaban

Ex: The artist faced resistance from critics who did not appreciate her unconventional style .Nakaranas ng **paglaban** ang artista mula sa mga kritiko na hindi nagustuhan ang kanyang hindi kinaugaliang estilo.
to contain
[Pandiwa]

to consist of or include several different elements or parts

naglalaman, kasama

naglalaman, kasama

Ex: The collection contains rare artifacts from ancient civilizations .Ang koleksyon ay **naglalaman** ng mga bihirang artifact mula sa mga sinaunang sibilisasyon.
potential
[pang-uri]

having the possibility to develop or be developed into something particular in the future

potensyal, maaari

potensyal, maaari

Ex: They discussed potential candidates for the vacant position .Tinalakay nila ang mga **potensyal** na kandidato para sa bakanteng posisyon.
reference
[Pangngalan]

a mention or citation of something, often to provide context or support for an idea

sanggunian, sipi

sanggunian, sipi

Ex: He used a reference from the dictionary to explain the term .Gumamit siya ng **sanggunian** mula sa diksyunaryo upang ipaliwanag ang termino.
high-rise
[pang-uri]

(of buildings) having many floors

mataas na gusali, skyscraper

mataas na gusali, skyscraper

Ex: The company relocated its headquarters to a high-rise tower for better visibility.Ang kumpanya ay inilipat ang punong-tanggapan nito sa isang **mataas na gusali** para sa mas magandang visibility.
indication
[Pangngalan]

something that is a sign of another thing

indikasyon, senyales

indikasyon, senyales

Ex: The increase in sales figures was seen as a positive indication of the company 's growth .Ang pagtaas sa mga numero ng benta ay nakita bilang isang positibong **indikasyon** ng paglago ng kumpanya.
belief
[Pangngalan]

something that we think is true or real

paniniwala, pananalig

paniniwala, pananalig

Ex: He expressed his belief in the importance of education for societal progress .Ipinahayag niya ang kanyang **paniniwala** sa kahalagahan ng edukasyon para sa pag-unlad ng lipunan.
to regard as
[Pandiwa]

to think of someone or something in a particular way

itinuturing na, nakikita bilang

itinuturing na, nakikita bilang

Ex: The movie is regarded as a classic .Ang pelikula ay **itinuturing na** isang klasiko.
prone
[pang-uri]

having a tendency or inclination toward something

madaling, may tendensiya

madaling, may tendensiya

Ex: Without regular maintenance , old cars are prone to mechanical failures .Kung walang regular na pag-aalaga, ang mga lumang kotse ay **madaling kapitan** ng mga pagkakamali sa mekanikal.
to equal
[Pandiwa]

to reach the same level or ability as someone or something else

pantay, katumbas

pantay, katumbas

Ex: The sequel equals the original movie in excitement and storytelling .Ang sequel ay **katumbas** ng orihinal na pelikula sa kaguluhan at pagsasalaysay.
in terms of
[Preposisyon]

referring to or considering a specific aspect or factor

sa mga tuntunin ng, tungkol sa

sa mga tuntunin ng, tungkol sa

Ex: This car is superior to others in terms of fuel efficiency .Ang kotse na ito ay mas mataas kaysa sa iba **sa mga tuntunin ng** kahusayan sa gasolina.
nota bene
[Pangngalan]

a Latin phrase (or its abbreviation) used to indicate that special attention should be paid to something

nota bene, pansinin mo

nota bene, pansinin mo

to assume
[Pandiwa]

to think that something is true without having proof or evidence

ipalagay, akalain

ipalagay, akalain

Ex: Right now , some team members are assuming that the project deadline will be extended .Sa ngayon, ang ilang miyembro ng koponan ay **nag-aakala** na ang deadline ng proyekto ay mapapatagal.
to offer
[Pandiwa]

to present goods or services for purchase to potential buyers

mag-alok, maghandog

mag-alok, maghandog

Ex: The art gallery offers original paintings and sculptures by local artists for purchase .Ang art gallery ay **nag-aalok** ng orihinal na mga painting at iskultura ng mga lokal na artista para sa pagbili.
comparable
[pang-uri]

having similarities that justify making a comparison

maihahambing, katulad

maihahambing, katulad

Ex: The nutritional value of the two foods is comparable, but one has fewer calories .Ang nutritional value ng dalawang pagkain ay **maihahambing**, ngunit ang isa ay may mas kaunting calories.
expense
[Pangngalan]

the amount of money spent to do or have something

gastos,  halaga

gastos, halaga

Ex: Many people use budgeting apps to categorize their expenses and identify areas where they can cut back to save money .Maraming tao ang gumagamit ng mga budgeting app upang i-categorize ang kanilang mga **gastos** at tukuyin ang mga lugar kung saan sila maaaring magbawas upang makatipid ng pera.
due to
[Preposisyon]

as a result of a specific cause or reason

dahil sa, sanhi ng

dahil sa, sanhi ng

Ex: The cancellation of classes was due to a teacher strike .Ang pagkansela ng mga klase ay **dahil sa** isang welga ng mga guro.
to base
[Pandiwa]

to situate or establish as a central location for operations, activities, or planning

ibatay, itaguyod

ibatay, itaguyod

Ex: The expedition team will base its camp at the foot of the mountain before embarking on the ascent .Ang pangkat ng ekspedisyon ay magtatayo ng kanilang kampo sa paanan ng bundok bago simulan ang pag-akyat.
including
[Preposisyon]

used to point out that something or someone is part of a set or group

kasama, kabilang

kasama, kabilang

Ex: The trip covers all expenses, including flights and accommodation.Saklaw ng biyahe ang lahat ng gastos, **kasama** ang mga flight at accommodation.
to lock away
[Pandiwa]

to place something in a container or place that can be securely fastened with a lock

ilock, itago nang ligtas

ilock, itago nang ligtas

Ex: The family locked away their grandmother 's old diary , preserving its privacy and sentimental value .**Itinago** ng pamilya ang lumang diary ng kanilang lola, pinapanatili ang privacy at sentimental na halaga nito.
range
[Pangngalan]

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control

saklaw, hanay

saklaw, hanay

fly ash
[Pangngalan]

fine solid particles of ash that are carried into the air when fuel is combusted

fly ash, mga labi ng pagkasunog

fly ash, mga labi ng pagkasunog

slag
[Pangngalan]

the byproduct of smelting ore that forms a glass-like material, often found as a residue in mining and metalworking activities

dross, latak ng pagtunaw

dross, latak ng pagtunaw

Ex: The environmental impact assessment noted the presence of slag deposits near the river , highlighting potential pollution concerns .Ang environmental impact assessment ay nagtala ng presensya ng mga deposito ng **slag** malapit sa ilog, na nagha-highlight ng mga potensyal na alalahanin sa polusyon.
iron ore
[Pangngalan]

an ore from which iron can be extracted

mineral ng bakal, bakal mineral

mineral ng bakal, bakal mineral

byproduct
[Pangngalan]

a product made during the manufacture of something else

byproduct, produktong hango

byproduct, produktong hango

coal-burning
[pang-uri]

fueled by burning coal

pinapagana ng pagsunog ng karbon, de-kombustiyon ng karbon

pinapagana ng pagsunog ng karbon, de-kombustiyon ng karbon

power plant
[Pangngalan]

a large building in which electricity is made

planta ng kuryente, halaman ng kapangyarihan

planta ng kuryente, halaman ng kapangyarihan

Ex: Scientists are researching ways to make geothermal power plants more efficient to tap into the Earth 's natural heat for energy production .Ang mga siyentipiko ay nag-aaral ng mga paraan upang gawing mas episyente ang mga **power plant** na geothermal para magamit ang natural na init ng Earth para sa produksyon ng enerhiya.

to include something as part of a larger whole or system

isama, pagsamahin

isama, pagsamahin

Ex: The presentation incorporated multimedia elements to make it more engaging .Ang presentasyon ay **nagsama** ng mga elemento ng multimedia upang gawin itong mas nakakaengganyo.
durability
[Pangngalan]

the ability of an object or material to withstand wear, pressure, or damage over time, without significant deterioration

katibayan, tibay

katibayan, tibay

Ex: The durability of stainless steel appliances makes them a popular choice for kitchens .Ang **katibayan** ng mga stainless steel appliance ay nagiging popular na pagpipilian para sa mga kusina.
smelting
[Pangngalan]

the process of heating and melting rocks or ores to take out metals from them

pagtutunaw, smelting

pagtutunaw, smelting

Ex: Copper is separated from ore by smelting.Ang tanso ay nahihiwalay sa mineral sa pamamagitan ng **pagkatunaw**.
incorporation
[Pangngalan]

consolidating two or more things; union in (or into) one body

pagsasama, pagsasanib

pagsasama, pagsasanib

council
[Pangngalan]

a group of elected people who govern a city, town, etc.

sanggunian, konseho

sanggunian, konseho

Ex: The council proposed new environmental regulations .Ang **konseho** ay nagmungkahi ng mga bagong regulasyon sa kapaligiran.
to note
[Pandiwa]

to mention something to make it stand out

pansinin, banggitin

pansinin, banggitin

Ex: The article noted several key trends in the industry .**Tinalakay** ng artikulo ang ilang pangunahing trend sa industriya.
waste product
[Pangngalan]

any materials unused and rejected as worthless or unwanted

basura, produkto ng basura

basura, produkto ng basura

content
[Pangngalan]

the proportion of a substance in an alloy or mixture

nilalaman, konsentrasyon

nilalaman, konsentrasyon

overall
[pang-abay]

with everything considered

Sa kabuuan, Pangkalahatan

Sa kabuuan, Pangkalahatan

Ex: She made a few mistakes in the presentation , but overall, she conveyed the information effectively .Gumawa siya ng ilang pagkakamali sa presentasyon, ngunit **sa kabuuan**, epektibo niyang naiparating ang impormasyon.
calculation
[Pangngalan]

the process of thinking carefully about risks, outcomes, or effects before making a decision or taking action

kalkulasyon, pagninilay

kalkulasyon, pagninilay

Ex: Their delay seemed like a political calculation.Ang kanilang pagkaantala ay parang isang **kalkulasyon** pampulitika.
life cycle
[Pangngalan]

the series of stages something goes through from the beginning to the end of its use or existence

ikot ng buhay, buhay

ikot ng buhay, buhay

Ex: She explained the life cycle of packaging materials .Ipinaliwanag niya ang **life cycle** ng mga materyales sa packaging.
conventional
[pang-uri]

following established practices or standards that are widely accepted or commonly used

kumbensiyonal, tradisyonal

kumbensiyonal, tradisyonal

Ex: As technology advances , conventional practices in the industry will likely be challenged by innovative ideas .Habang sumusulong ang teknolohiya, ang mga **kumbensyonal** na pamamaraan sa industriya ay malamang na mahamon ng mga makabagong ideya.
Cambridge IELTS 18 - Akademiko
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