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文学 - Characterization

ここでは、「アーキタイプ」、「主人公」、「恋愛対象」など、特徴付けに関連するいくつかの英単語を学びます。

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Words Related to Literature
character development

the process by which a fictional character is portrayed and transformed throughout a story

キャラクター開発, キャラクターの進化

キャラクター開発, キャラクターの進化

archetype
archetype
[名詞]

someone or something serving as the very typical example of a thing or person

原型, 模範

原型, 模範

voice
voice
[名詞]

the distinctive way a character's personality, beliefs, attitudes, and emotions are revealed through speech or thoughts

声, 口調

声, 口調

Ex: Dialogue helps establish a character 's voice.対話はキャラクターの**声**を確立するのに役立ちます。
antagonist
antagonist
[名詞]

villainous character who strongly opposes another person or thing

敵対者, 悪役

敵対者, 悪役

Ex: Throughout the story , the protagonist 's struggle against the antagonist served as a metaphor for larger themes of good versus evil and the resilience of the human spirit .物語全体を通して、主人公の**敵役**との戦いは、善対悪や人間の精神の回復力といったより大きなテーマの比喩として機能しました。
antihero
antihero
[名詞]

the main character in a movie, book, etc. who lacks heroic qualities such as being morally good

アンチヒーロー, 英雄的な資質を欠いた主人公

アンチヒーロー, 英雄的な資質を欠いた主人公

backstory
backstory
[名詞]

the events that have happened to a character before their story in a book, movie, etc. begins

バックストーリー, 過去の物語

バックストーリー, 過去の物語

Ex: The video game 's immersive storyline included optional quests that allowed players to uncover hidden aspects of the protagonist 's backstory.そのビデオゲームの没入型のストーリーラインには、プレイヤーが主人公の隠された**バックストーリー**の側面を発見できるオプションのクエストが含まれていました。
character arc

the transformation or development of a fictional character over the course of a story

キャラクターアーク, キャラクターの成長

キャラクターアーク, キャラクターの成長

hamartia
hamartia
[名詞]

a negative trait or quality of a fictional character that leads to their downfall or contributes to their struggles or conflicts throughout the story

ハマルティア, 悲劇的欠陥

ハマルティア, 悲劇的欠陥

character flaw

a negative trait or quality of a fictional character that leads to their downfall or contributes to their struggles or conflicts throughout the story

性格の欠陥, 性格の弱点

性格の欠陥, 性格の弱点

characterization

the way in which characters in a movie, book, etc. are created and represented by a writer

特徴付け, 描写

特徴付け, 描写

Ex: The characterization of the antagonist was particularly compelling , as the writer explored the motivations behind his actions and revealed the humanity beneath his villainous exterior .敵役の**キャラクター造形**は特に説得力があり、作家は彼の行動の背後にある動機を探り、彼の悪役の外見の下にある人間性を明らかにしました。
hero
hero
[名詞]

the main male character in a story, book, movie, etc., often known for his bravery and other great qualities

ヒーロー, 主人公

ヒーロー, 主人公

Ex: The story follows the hero's transformation from a farmer to a knight .物語は、農民から騎士への**英雄**の変貌を追っています。
internal conflict

the psychological struggle that takes place within a character's mind or emotions

内的葛藤, 内面の闘争

内的葛藤, 内面の闘争

narrator
narrator
[名詞]

the person who tells the story in a novel, poem, etc.

語り手, ナレーター

語り手, ナレーター

Ex: As the narrator, she guided the audience through the twists and turns of the plot .**語り手**として、彼女は観客をプロットの紆余曲折に導いた。
personage
personage
[名詞]

a fictional character, especially one who plays a significant role in a story or narrative

人物, キャラクター

人物, キャラクター

protagonist
protagonist
[名詞]

the main character in a movie, novel, TV show, etc.

主人公, プロタゴニスト

主人公, プロタゴニスト

Ex: The protagonist's quest for redemption and forgiveness forms the emotional core of the narrative , resonating with audiences on a deeply human level .**主人公**の贖罪と許しを求める旅は、物語の感情的な核心を形成し、観客に深く人間的なレベルで共鳴します。
villain
villain
[名詞]

the main bad character in a movie, story, play, etc.

悪役, 敵対者

悪役, 敵対者

Ex: The audience booed when the villain appeared on stage .観客は**悪役**が舞台に現れたときにブーイングした。
pathetic fallacy

the attribution of human traits and feelings to objects, animals, or natural phenomena in art and literature

哀れを誘う誤謬, 人間の特性の帰属

哀れを誘う誤謬, 人間の特性の帰属

anthropomorphism

the practice of attributing human qualities to objects or gods

擬人化, 人格化

擬人化, 人格化

to [break] the fourth wall

(of characters in a narrative) to speak directly to the audience or acknowledge that they are part of a fictional work

author surrogate

a character in a work of fiction who is thought to represent the author's personal beliefs, experiences, or opinions

作者の代弁者, 作者を代表するキャラクター

作者の代弁者, 作者を代表するキャラクター

audience surrogate

a character in a work of fiction who is used to help the audience understand and relate to the story

観客の代役, 観客の代表

観客の代役, 観客の代表

unreliable narrator

a narrative technique in which the credibility and truthfulness of the narrator are called into question

信頼できない語り手, 疑わしい語り手

信頼できない語り手, 疑わしい語り手

omniscient narrator

a narrative technique in which the narrator is all-knowing and has access to the thoughts, feelings, and perspectives of all the characters in the story

全知の語り手, 全知のナレーター

全知の語り手, 全知のナレーター

shoulder angel

a fictional character, often portrayed as an angelic being, who represents a character's conscience or moral compass

守護天使, 天使の良心

守護天使, 天使の良心

shoulder devil

a fictional character, often portrayed as an unethical being, who represents a character's inner voice of temptation

肩の悪魔, 悪い天使

肩の悪魔, 悪い天使

point of view

the perspective from which the narrator tells a story

Ex: She struggled to decide whether to use a third-person omniscient POV.
character
character
[名詞]

a person or an animal represented in a book, play, movie, etc.

キャラクター, 主人公

キャラクター, 主人公

Ex: Katniss Everdeen is a strong and resourceful character in The Hunger Games .カトニス・エバディーンは『ハンガー・ゲーム』の強くて機転の利く**キャラクター**です。
exposition
exposition
[名詞]

a detailed explanation or description that clarifies the meaning or intent of a written work or discourse

説明

説明

Ex: In the opening scene of the play , the narrator delivered a concise exposition, setting the stage for the unfolding events .劇のオープニングシーンで、ナレーターは簡潔な**説明**を述べ、展開する出来事の舞台を設定しました。
mood
mood
[名詞]

the emotional atmosphere or feeling created by a piece of writing

雰囲気, ムード

雰囲気, ムード

fall
fall
[名詞]

a sudden or significant decline in status, influence, fortune, or character

Ex: His fall in reputation was gradual but irreversible .
reveal
reveal
[名詞]

the act or moment of disclosing previously hidden or unknown information to an audience

明かし, 暴露

明かし, 暴露

Ex: The reveal of the secret passage excited the children .秘密の通路の**公開**は子供たちを興奮させた。
complication
complication
[名詞]

an event or situation that creates a problem or obstacle for the protagonist or other characters in a story

複雑化, 障害

複雑化, 障害

relief
relief
[名詞]

a feeling of ease or release that occurs after a period of tension, suspense, or stress in a story

Ex: Relief came when the protagonist finally escaped the trap .
dynamic character

a character in a story who undergoes significant internal changes and growth over the course of the narrative

ダイナミックなキャラクター, 成長するキャラクター

ダイナミックなキャラクター, 成長するキャラクター

flat character

a character in a story who is not highly developed, and typically has only one or two distinguishing traits or characteristics

平板なキャラクター, 一次元のキャラクター

平板なキャラクター, 一次元のキャラクター

foil
foil
[名詞]

a character in a literary work who contrasts with another character, usually the protagonist, to highlight specific traits of the latter

Ex: The twins ' opposing personalities make each a foil to the other .
ingenue
ingenue
[名詞]

a young, innocent, and naive character, often a young woman, in a story or play

無邪気な少女, 天真爛漫なキャラクター

無邪気な少女, 天真爛漫なキャラクター

round character

a complex and multidimensional character in a story, who often undergoes significant growth and change throughout the narrative

丸いキャラクター, 複雑なキャラクター

丸いキャラクター, 複雑なキャラクター

static character

a character in a work of fiction who remains the same from the beginning of the story to the end, without undergoing significant personal development or change

静的なキャラクター, 変わらないキャラクター

静的なキャラクター, 変わらないキャラクター

stock character

a stereotype or cliché character that is easily recognizable and often used in literature or other forms of media

ステレオタイプのキャラクター, クリシェのキャラクター

ステレオタイプのキャラクター, クリシェのキャラクター

first-person narrative

a point of view in which the story is told from the perspective of a character using "I" or "we"

一人称叙述, 一人称の物語

一人称叙述, 一人称の物語

second-person narrative

a point of view in which the story is told using "you" as the pronoun for the protagonist or narrator, making the reader or audience feel more involved in the story

二人称叙述, 二人称の物語

二人称叙述, 二人称の物語

third-person narrative

a mode of storytelling where the narrator refers to characters using pronouns like "he" and "she" and is not a character in the story

三人称叙事, 三人称の物語

三人称叙事, 三人称の物語

Ex: Through the third-person narrative, the author maintained a sense of suspense by withholding certain information from the reader until later in the story .**三人称の物語**を通じて、作者は物語の後半まで読者から特定の情報を差し控えることでサスペンス感を維持しました。
love interest

a person who is romantically or emotionally involved with another person, often a central character in a story or narrative

恋愛対象, ロマンティックな関心

恋愛対象, ロマンティックな関心

Ex: In the play , the love interest added emotional depth to the protagonist 's journey .劇中で、**恋愛対象**が主人公の旅に感情的な深みを加えた。
sidekick
sidekick
[名詞]

a close companion or assistant to the protagonist of a work of fiction, who provides support, advice, or comic relief

相棒, 助手

相棒, 助手

father figure

a character who plays the role of a father, mentor, protector, or guide to a younger character

父親像, 父性モデル

父親像, 父性モデル

mother figure

a character, usually female, who functions as a nurturing or guiding influence over the other characters, often acting in a maternal role

母親的な存在, 母性的なモデル

母親的な存在, 母性的なモデル

confidant
confidant
[名詞]

a person in whom one places trust and shares secrets or private thoughts and feelings

腹心の友, 信頼できる人

腹心の友, 信頼できる人

Ex: The politician's confidant leaked sensitive information to the press.政治家の**腹心**が機密情報を報道機関に漏らした。
deuteragonist

the second most important character after the protagonist, and often plays a key role in the story's development

デューテラゴニスト, 第二の主要人物

デューテラゴニスト, 第二の主要人物

tertiary character

a character who appears in a supporting role and has minimal impact on the story

三次キャラクター, エキストラ

三次キャラクター, エキストラ

symbolic character

a character in literature who represents an idea or a concept beyond their literal meaning and functions as a symbol to convey deeper meanings and themes

象徴的なキャラクター

象徴的なキャラクター

heroine
heroine
[名詞]

the main female character in a story, book, film, etc., typically known for great qualities

ヒロイン, 女性主人公

ヒロイン, 女性主人公

Ex: The story is about a heroine who fights evil with her magical powers .この物語は、魔法の力で悪と戦う**ヒロイン**についてです。
sage
sage
[名詞]

a wise and insightful figure who offers guidance, advice, or philosophical reflection, often in stories or real life

賢者, 哲人

賢者, 哲人

Ex: Every fantasy tale seems to include a mysterious sage.すべてのファンタジー物語には神秘的な**賢者**が含まれているようだ。
fool
fool
[名詞]

a performer or entertainer in a royal court or other setting who is known for their humorous or nonsensical performances

道化師, ピエロ

道化師, ピエロ

everyman
everyman
[名詞]

a literary or dramatic character representing the ordinary individual, often placed in extraordinary circumstances and often used to evoke empathy in the audience

普通の人, 平均的な個人

普通の人, 平均的な個人

gentleman thief

a fictional character archetype who, despite engaging in criminal activities, is sophisticated, charming, and often possesses a strong moral code that sets them apart from other criminals

紳士泥棒, 白い手袋の泥棒

紳士泥棒, 白い手袋の泥棒

boy next door

a type of character archetype often used in storytelling, representing a wholesome and relatable male love interest who typically has a close connection to the protagonist

お隣の少年, チャーミングな隣人

お隣の少年, チャーミングな隣人

girl next door

a character archetype that is often described as wholesome, down-to-earth, and relatable

隣の女の子, お隣さん

隣の女の子, お隣さん

black knight
black knight
[名詞]

a stock character often depicted as a sinister figure in literature and folklore who is usually the enemy of the hero

黒騎士, 闇の騎士

黒騎士, 闇の騎士

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