Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced) - Торговля и Рыночная Динамика

the act of buying or obtaining something, especially something that is valuable

a person or business that sells goods directly to consumers

a product or raw material that can be bought and sold, especially in large quantities on financial markets

goods offered for sale or the ones bought or sold

an organization or business owned and controlled jointly by its members

a company

a commercial enterprise that functions under an agreement, using the branding, systems, and products of an established company

a sale in which goods or property are sold to the person who offers the highest price

a stated amount of money offered to purchase something, often in competitive settings

a payment system in which one is only able to use a service up to the amount that they have paid for, and payment must be made in advance of using the service

something that costs a lot more than its real value

the general process of purchasing or selling something

a group of potential or actual buyers who are interested in and able to purchase a specific product or service

a store that sells goods from a particular company or brand, usually at reduced prices

a place where hairdressing, makeup and other cosmetic services are done professionally

a professional who buys and sells stocks, bonds, and other securities on behalf of clients, usually for a commission or fee

an individual who possesses or carries an item, title, or position

to encourage the public to buy a product or use a service

the sequence of processes, organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in producing and delivering a product or service from its origin to the final customer