アカデミック IELTS (バンド 5 以下) - Geology

a solid material forming part of the earth's surface, often made of one or more minerals

岩石, 石

a solid, naturally occurring substance with a specific chemical composition, typically found in the earth's crust, such as gold, copper, etc.

鉱物, ミネラル

the central part of Earth, or any other planet

核, 中心

the black or brownish substance consisted of organic remains, rock particles, and clay that forms the upper layer of earth where trees or other plants grow

土, 土壌

(geology) a horizontal bed or distinct sedimentary rock formation

層, ストラム

a complete change in the form and structure of a rock as a result of heat and pressure

変成作用

the remains or impression of a plant or animal that lived a long time ago and has been preserved in rock or sediment

化石, 化石の痕跡

a source of hot water that natrurally flows out of the ground

温泉, 熱水源

a rock that contains valuable mineral or metal

鉱石, 鉱物

a grey powder that is produced as a result of a substance getting burned

灰, 灰色の粉

liquid or semi-liquid rock that exists under the earth's surface with an extremely hot temperature

マグマ

the solid surface of the planet distinguished from air or sea

地球, 地面