学术类雅思 (5分及以下) - Geology

a solid material forming part of the earth's surface, often made of one or more minerals

岩石, 石头

a solid, naturally occurring substance with a specific chemical composition, typically found in the earth's crust, such as gold, copper, etc.

矿物, 矿剂

the central part of Earth, or any other planet

核心, 心

the black or brownish substance consisted of organic remains, rock particles, and clay that forms the upper layer of earth where trees or other plants grow

土壤, 土

(geology) a horizontal bed or distinct sedimentary rock formation

层, 层次

a complete change in the form and structure of a rock as a result of heat and pressure

变质作用

the preserved remains or traces of ancient plants, animals, or other organisms found in rock

化石, 化石遗骸

a source of hot water that natrurally flows out of the ground

温泉, 热水泉

a rock that contains valuable mineral or metal

矿石, 岩石

a grey powder that is produced as a result of a substance getting burned

灰, 灰烬粉

liquid or semi-liquid rock that exists under the earth's surface with an extremely hot temperature

岩浆

the solid surface of the planet distinguished from air or sea

地球, 陆地