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Bokabularyo para sa IELTS (Pangkalahatan) - Ang kapaligiran

Dito ay matututunan mo ang ilang mga salitang Ingles tungkol sa kapaligiran, tulad ng "consume", "diversity", "contaminate", atbp., na kailangan para sa pagsusulit sa IELTS.

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Words for General IELTS
to consume
[Pandiwa]

(of fire) to destroy something completely

ubusin, sirain nang lubusan

ubusin, sirain nang lubusan

Ex: As the fire engulfed the dry grassland , it rapidly consumed the landscape .Habang nilamon ng apoy ang tuyong damuhan, mabilis nitong **winasak** ang tanawin.
environmental
[pang-uri]

relating to the natural world and effects of human actions on it

pangkapaligiran, ekolohikal

pangkapaligiran, ekolohikal

Ex: Environmental awareness campaigns raise public consciousness about issues like climate change and wildlife conservation .Ang mga kampanya ng kamalayan **pangkalikasan** ay nagtataas ng kamalayan ng publiko tungkol sa mga isyu tulad ng pagbabago ng klima at konserbasyon ng wildlife.
toxic
[pang-uri]

consisting of poisonous substances

nakakalason

nakakalason

Ex: Proper disposal of electronic waste is crucial to prevent toxic materials from leaching into the environment and contaminating soil and water sources .Ang tamang pagtatapon ng electronic waste ay mahalaga upang maiwasan ang mga **nakakalason** na materyales na tumagas sa kapaligiran at makontamina ang lupa at mga pinagkukunan ng tubig.
to pollute
[Pandiwa]

to damage the environment by releasing harmful chemicals or substances to the air, water, or land

dumihan, manira

dumihan, manira

Ex: The smoke from the fire pollutes the atmosphere , reducing air quality .Ang usok mula sa apoy ay **nagdudumi** sa atmospera, na nagpapababa sa kalidad ng hangin.
renewable
[pang-uri]

(of a resource, energy, etc.) naturally restored as fast as or faster than they are used up

napapanaobago, napapanatili

napapanaobago, napapanatili

Ex: Geothermal energy , derived from the heat of the Earth 's core , is a renewable source of heat and electricity .Ang enerhiyang geothermal, na nagmula sa init ng core ng Earth, ay isang **napapalitan** na pinagmumulan ng init at kuryente.
resource
[Pangngalan]

(usually plural) a country's gas, oil, trees, etc. that are considered valuable and therefore can be sold to gain wealth

mapagkukunan, likas na yaman

mapagkukunan, likas na yaman

Ex: Exploitation of marine resources has led to overfishing in some regions .Ang pagsasamantala sa mga **mapagkukunan** ng dagat ay nagdulot ng sobrang pangingisda sa ilang mga rehiyon.
turbine
[Pangngalan]

a machine or engine that produces power from the pressure of a liquid or gas on a turning wheel

turbina, turbong makina

turbina, turbong makina

Ex: Modern turbines are designed for efficiency and durability to maximize energy production .Ang mga modernong **turbine** ay dinisenyo para sa kahusayan at tibay upang ma-maximize ang produksyon ng enerhiya.
waste
[Pangngalan]

the act of putting something such a resource to wrong or careless use

pag-aaksaya, pagwawaldas

pag-aaksaya, pagwawaldas

Ex: It's really a waste of money buying that expensive gadget when a cheaper one would suffice.Talagang **pag-aaksaya** ng pera ang pagbili ng mamahaling gadget na iyon kung may mas murang sapat na.
alternative
[pang-uri]

available as an option for something else

alternatibo, pamalit

alternatibo, pamalit

Ex: The alternative method saved them a lot of time .Ang **alternatibong** paraan ay nagligtas sa kanila ng maraming oras.
fuel
[Pangngalan]

any substance that can produce energy or heat when burned

panggatong, gasolina

panggatong, gasolina

Ex: The fireplace was stocked with plenty of fuel to keep us warm .Ang fireplace ay puno ng maraming **panggatong** para panatilihing mainit kami.
deforestation
[Pangngalan]

the extensive removal of forests, typically causing environmental damage

pagkalbo ng kagubatan, pagtrotroso

pagkalbo ng kagubatan, pagtrotroso

Ex: Activists are protesting against companies responsible for massive deforestation.Nagproprotesta ang mga aktibista laban sa mga kumpanyang responsable sa malawakang **deforestation**.
diversity
[Pangngalan]

the presence of a variety of distinct characteristics within a group

pagkakaiba-iba

pagkakaiba-iba

Ex: The city 's culinary scene is known for its diversity, offering a variety of cuisines from different countries .Ang culinary scene ng lungsod ay kilala sa **pagkakaiba-iba** nito, na nag-aalok ng iba't ibang lutuin mula sa iba't ibang bansa.
ecology
[Pangngalan]

the scientific study of the environment or the interrelation of living creatures and the way they affect each other

ekolohiya, agham ng kapaligiran

ekolohiya, agham ng kapaligiran

Ex: The research team focused on ecology to explore how pollution affects aquatic life .Ang pangkat ng pananaliksik ay tumutok sa **ekolohiya** upang galugarin kung paano nakakaapekto ang polusyon sa buhay sa tubig.
ecosystem
[Pangngalan]

a community of living organisms together with their physical environment, interacting as a system

ekosistema, sistemang ekolohikal

ekosistema, sistemang ekolohikal

Ex: Climate change poses a major threat to many fragile ecosystems.Ang pagbabago ng klima ay nagdudulot ng malaking banta sa maraming marupok na **ecosystem**.
habitat
[Pangngalan]

the place or area in which certain animals, birds, or plants naturally exist, lives, and grows

tirahan, likas na tahanan

tirahan, likas na tahanan

Ex: Cacti are well adapted to the dry habitat of the desert .Ang mga cactus ay mahusay na naakma sa tuyong **tirahan** ng disyerto.
to reserve
[Pandiwa]

to set something aside and keep it for future use

maglaan, itabi

maglaan, itabi

Ex: As you finish assembling the bookshelf , reserve a few screws for any future adjustments .Habang tinatapos mo ang pag-assemble ng bookshelf, **magtabi** ng ilang tornilyo para sa anumang pag-aayos sa hinaharap.
sustainable
[pang-uri]

using natural resources in a way that causes no harm to the environment

napapanatili,  palakaibigan sa kapaligiran

napapanatili, palakaibigan sa kapaligiran

landslide
[Pangngalan]

a sudden fall of a large mass of dirt or rock down a mountainside or cliff

pagguho ng lupa, landslide

pagguho ng lupa, landslide

Ex: The government issued a warning to residents about the risk of landslides during the storm .Naglabas ang pamahalaan ng babala sa mga residente tungkol sa panganib ng **landslide** sa panahon ng bagyo.
landfill
[Pangngalan]

a piece of land under which waste material is buried

tapunan ng basura, landfill

tapunan ng basura, landfill

Ex: Many communities are working to reduce the amount of waste sent to the landfill.Maraming komunidad ang nagtatrabaho upang bawasan ang dami ng basura na ipinadala sa **landfill**.
fossil fuel
[Pangngalan]

a fuel that is found in nature and obtained from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago, such as coal and gas

panggatong na fossil, enerhiyang fossil

panggatong na fossil, enerhiyang fossil

Ex: Many cars still rely on fossil fuels like gasoline .Maraming kotse ang umaasa pa rin sa **fossil fuels** tulad ng gasolina.
to erupt
[Pandiwa]

(of a volcano) to explode and send smoke, lava, rocks, etc. into the sky

sumabog, pumutok

sumabog, pumutok

Ex: Scientists predicted that the volcano might erupt soon due to increased seismic activity .Inihula ng mga siyentipiko na ang bulkan ay maaaring **pumutok** sa lalong madaling panahon dahil sa tumaas na seismic activity.
environmentalist
[Pangngalan]

a person who is concerned with the environment and tries to protect it

environmentalista, tagapagtanggol ng kalikasan

environmentalista, tagapagtanggol ng kalikasan

Ex: The environmentalist worked with local communities to promote sustainable farming practices .Ang **environmentalist** ay nagtrabaho kasama ang mga lokal na komunidad upang itaguyod ang mga sustainable farming practices.
conservation
[Pangngalan]

the protection of the natural environment and resources from wasteful human activities

konserbasyon, pangangalaga

konserbasyon, pangangalaga

Ex: Many organizations focus on wildlife conservation to prevent species from becoming extinct .Maraming organisasyon ang nakatuon sa **pangangalaga** ng wildlife upang maiwasan ang pagkalipol ng mga species.
acid rain
[Pangngalan]

rain containing a great deal of acidic chemicals, caused by air pollution, which can harm the environment

acid rain, ulan na may acid

acid rain, ulan na may acid

to make a place, substance, etc. dirty or harmful by adding dangerous material

dumihan, makontamina

dumihan, makontamina

Ex: Oil spills can contaminate beaches and marine ecosystems , causing extensive environmental damage .Ang mga oil spill ay maaaring **magkontamina** sa mga beach at marine ecosystems, na nagdudulot ng malawakang pinsala sa kapaligiran.
disposal
[Pangngalan]

the act of getting rid of waste material

pagtapon, pamamahala ng basura

pagtapon, pamamahala ng basura

Ex: The landfill site is designated for the disposal of non-recyclable materials .Ang landfill site ay itinalaga para sa **pagtapon** ng mga materyales na hindi maaaring i-recycle.
fumes
[Pangngalan]

smoke or gas with a strong and unpleasant smell that is dangerous to breathe in

usok, singaw

usok, singaw

radioactive
[pang-uri]

containing or relating to a dangerous form of energy produced by nuclear reactions

radioaktibo,  may radyasyon

radioaktibo, may radyasyon

Ex: Geiger counters are used to detect and measure levels of radioactive contamination .Ang mga Geiger counter ay ginagamit upang makita at sukatin ang mga antas ng **radioactive** na kontaminasyon.
carbon footprint
[Pangngalan]

the amount of carbon dioxide that an organization or person releases into the atmosphere

carbon footprint, bakas ng carbon

carbon footprint, bakas ng carbon

Ex: The company is working to reduce its carbon footprint by switching to renewable energy .Ang kumpanya ay nagtatrabaho upang bawasan ang **carbon footprint** nito sa pamamagitan ng paglipat sa renewable energy.
climate crisis
[Pangngalan]

an urgent situation in which proper action must be taken to remove the threats done to the environment

krisis sa klima

krisis sa klima

eco-friendly
[pang-uri]

referring to products, actions, or practices that are designed to cause minimal harm to the environment

palakaibigan sa kalikasan, berde

palakaibigan sa kalikasan, berde

Ex: They installed eco-friendly solar panels to lower their energy consumption .Nag-install sila ng mga solar panel na **eco-friendly** para bumaba ang kanilang energy consumption.
green belt
[Pangngalan]

a strip of open land around a city where construction is prohibited in order to protect the environment

berdeng sinturon, berdeng lugar

berdeng sinturon, berdeng lugar

Ex: Darlington should preserve its green belt.Dapat panatilihin ng Darlington ang **green belt** nito.
to waste
[Pandiwa]

to use something without care or more than needed

aksayahin,  sayangin

aksayahin, sayangin

Ex: The company was criticized for its tendency to waste resources without considering environmental impacts .Ang kumpanya ay pinintasan dahil sa ugali nitong **mag-aksaya** ng mga yaman nang hindi isinasaalang-alang ang mga epekto sa kapaligiran.
Bokabularyo para sa IELTS (Pangkalahatan)
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