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- 体に関連する一般的な言葉

ここでは、「胴体」、「器官」、「管」など、体に関連する一般的な英語の単語を学びます。

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Words Related to Body
anatomy
[名詞]

the human body

解剖学

解剖学

Ex: The textbook provided detailed diagrams of anatomy for students to learn from .教科書は、学生が学ぶための**解剖学**の詳細な図を提供しました。
organ
[名詞]

any vital part of the body which has a particular function

器官

器官

Ex: The brain is the central organ of the nervous system , controlling most bodily functions .**器官**は神経系の中心的な器官で、体のほとんどの機能を制御しています。
orifice
[名詞]

a hole or external opening in the body, such as an ear canal or the anus

開口部, 穴

開口部, 穴

flesh
[名詞]

the soft parts of the human body

肉, 柔らかい組織

肉, 柔らかい組織

Ex: He felt a sharp pain as the splinter pierced the flesh of his thumb .彼は破片が親指の**肉**に刺さったとき、鋭い痛みを感じた。
fat
[名詞]

a substance in the bodies of animals and humans, stored under the skin, which helps them keep warm

脂肪, 脂質

脂肪, 脂質

Ex: The doctor explained that a certain amount of fat is essential for our bodies to function properly .医者は、私たちの体が正常に機能するためには一定量の**脂肪**が不可欠であると説明しました。
torso
[名詞]

the upper part of the human body, excluding the arms and the head

胴体, 上半身

胴体, 上半身

Ex: The yoga instructor led the class in a series of poses to strengthen the muscles of the torso and improve core stability .ヨガインストラクターは、**胴体**の筋肉を強化し、コアの安定性を向上させるために一連のポーズをクラスに指導しました。
trunk
[名詞]

the body of an animal or human, except the limbs and head

胴体, 体幹

胴体, 体幹

Ex: In anatomy , the trunk refers to the main part of the body , excluding the head , neck , arms , and legs , where vital organs and major blood vessels are housed .解剖学において、**胴体**は、頭、首、腕、脚を除いた体の主要部分を指し、重要な臓器や主要な血管が収まっています。

the network of neurons and fibers that interpret stimuli and transmit impulses from the body to the brain

神経系, ニューラルネットワーク

神経系, ニューラルネットワーク

hormone
[名詞]

a chemical substance produced in the body of living things influencing growth and affecting the functionality of cells or tissues

ホルモン, ホルモン物質

ホルモン, ホルモン物質

Ex: Estrogen , a key hormone, influences female sexual development .エストロゲンは、主要な**ホルモン**であり、女性の性的発達に影響を与えます。
bone marrow
[名詞]

the soft substance that fills the cavities of bones, which is either yellowish and consists of fat cells or reddish and makes blood cells

骨髄, 髄

骨髄, 髄

Ex: Diseases such as leukemia and multiple myeloma can affect the production of blood cells in the bone marrow, leading to serious health complications .白血病や多発性骨髄腫などの疾患は、**骨髄**における血液細胞の生成に影響を与え、深刻な健康上の合併症を引き起こす可能性があります。
duct
[名詞]

a tubular passage in the body through which liquid, such as tears or bile, can pass

管, 導管

管, 導管

mucus
[名詞]

a thick slimy substance produced by mucous membranes, inside the nose or the mouth, to lubricate and protect them

粘液, 鼻水

粘液, 鼻水

Ex: The respiratory therapist taught the patient how to perform chest physiotherapy to help loosen and mobilize mucus in the lungs .呼吸療法士は、肺の中の**粘液**を緩めて動かすのを助けるために、胸部理学療法の方法を患者に教えました。

a thin, moist tissue that lines body cavities like the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive tracts, producing mucus for protection and lubrication

粘膜, 粘液膜

粘膜, 粘液膜

phlegm
[名詞]

the thick mucus that is formed in the nasal and throat cavities, usually secreted in excessive amounts as a result of common cold

痰, 粘液

痰, 粘液

Ex: Over-the-counter medications may help to reduce phlegm production and alleviate symptoms of congestion and coughing .市販薬は**痰**の生成を減らし、鼻づまりや咳の症状を和らげるのに役立つかもしれません。

a network that collects and transports lymph, supporting immune function and fluid balance

リンパ系, リンパネットワーク

リンパ系, リンパネットワーク

bloodstream
[名詞]

the flowing blood in a circulatory system, moving through vessels to transport oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body

血流, 血液循環

血流, 血液循環

Ex: Chronic smoking allows toxic compounds to accumulate in the bloodstream and damage vital organs .慢性喫煙は、有毒化合物が**血流**に蓄積し、重要な臓器を損傷することを可能にします。
circulation
[名詞]

the flow and movement of blood around and in all parts of the body

循環

循環

Ex: The doctor checked his circulation to ensure there were no issues with blood flow .医師は血液の流れに問題がないことを確認するために彼の**循環**をチェックしました。
pulse
[名詞]

the rhythmic beating of the blood vessels created when the heart pumps, especially felt on the wrist or at the sides of the neck

脈拍, 鼓動

脈拍, 鼓動

metabolism
[名詞]

the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use

代謝, 新陳代謝

代謝, 新陳代謝

Ex: Metabolism slows down with age, leading to changes in energy levels and body composition.**代謝**は年齢とともに遅くなり、エネルギーレベルと体組成の変化につながります。
breath
[名詞]

the air taken into or sent out from the lungs

息, 呼吸

息, 呼吸

Ex: The doctor asked the patient to take a deep breath and hold it .医者は患者に深く**息**を吸い、それを止めるように頼んだ。
breathing
[名詞]

the action of taking air into the lungs and sending it out again

呼吸,  息

呼吸, 息

Ex: Yoga exercises can help improve your breathing and reduce stress .ヨガのエクササイズは、**呼吸**を改善し、ストレスを軽減するのに役立ちます。
inhalation
[名詞]

the intake of air or a substance into the lungs through the process of breathing

吸入, 吸引

吸入, 吸引

airway
[名詞]

the anatomical structures, including the nose, mouth, throat, and lungs, that allow for the passage of air during breathing

気道, 空気の通り道

気道, 空気の通り道

hilum
[名詞]

the entrance or exit point on an organ where blood vessels, nerves, and other structures are connected

門, 器官の出入り口

門, 器官の出入り口

membrane
[名詞]

a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism

膜, 薄膜

膜, 薄膜

Ex: The blood-brain barrier is a specialized membrane that protects the brain .血液脳関門は、脳を保護する特殊な**膜**です。
sinus
[名詞]

a large blood channel without the standard vessel lining

洞

Ex: Damage to a major sinus can lead to severe bleeding .
tissue
[名詞]

a group of cells in the body of living things, forming their different parts

組織, 細胞組織

組織, 細胞組織

Ex: Adipose tissue , commonly known as fat tissue, stores energy and cushions organs in the body .脂肪**組織**、一般的に脂肪組織として知られており、エネルギーを蓄え、体内の臓器をクッションします。
cell
[名詞]

an organism's smallest unit, capable of functioning on its own

細胞

細胞

Ex: Cells are the building blocks of life , with each one containing a complex system of organelles and molecules .**細胞**は生命の基本単位であり、それぞれが細胞小器官と分子の複雑なシステムを含んでいます。

the long, hollow organ system that extends from the mouth to the anus

消化管, 消化器系

消化管, 消化器系

vestibule
[名詞]

a small, enclosed space or chamber at the entrance of a body cavity, such as the mouth or nose

前庭, 控えの間

前庭, 控えの間

Ex: Certain glands are located near the vestibule of the vagina .
dorsum
[名詞]

the upper or posterior surface of a body

背中, 背面

背中, 背面

Ex: He has a scar on the dorsum from a childhood accident .彼は子供の頃の事故で**背中**に傷跡があります。
lobe
[名詞]

(anatomy) a rounded part of an organ, such as, lungs or brain that seems to be separate in some way from the rest

葉, 丸みを帯びた部分

葉, 丸みを帯びた部分

Ex: The liver is divided into lobes , with the right lobe being larger than the left lobe.肝臓は**葉**に分かれており、右**葉**は左**葉**よりも大きい。
duodenal
[形容詞]

affecting or relating to the top part of the small intestine, called duodenum

十二指腸の, 十二指腸に関連する

十二指腸の, 十二指腸に関連する

intestinal
[形容詞]

relating to the intestines, which are part of the digestive system responsible for absorbing nutrients and removing waste from the body

腸の, 腸管の

腸の, 腸管の

Ex: Intestinal motility refers to the movement of food and waste through the intestines , regulated by muscular contractions called peristalsis .**腸**の運動性とは、蠕動と呼ばれる筋肉の収縮によって調節される、食物や廃棄物が腸を通って移動することを指します。
jugular
[形容詞]

located in or connected with the throat or neck

頸静脈の, 喉に関連する

頸静脈の, 喉に関連する

motor
[形容詞]

(anatomy) connected with the neurons that control the muscle movements

運動の, モーターの

運動の, モーターの

muscular
[形容詞]

relating to or affecting the muscles

筋肉の

筋肉の

Ex: The doctor studied the patient 's muscular development .
nasal
[形容詞]

(anatomy) connected with the nose

鼻の, 鼻に関連する

鼻の, 鼻に関連する

Ex: Nasal irrigation with saline solution can help alleviate symptoms of sinusitis .生理食塩水による**鼻**洗浄は副鼻腔炎の症状を緩和するのに役立ちます。
oral
[形容詞]

related to or occurring in the mouth or the oral cavity

口頭の, 口腔の

口頭の, 口腔の

Ex: He received oral instructions on how to use the medicine .
pancreatic
[形容詞]

relating to the organ that controls blood sugar, called pancreas

膵臓の, 膵臓に関連する

膵臓の, 膵臓に関連する

Ex: Pancreatic insufficiency can lead to malabsorption of nutrients and weight loss .**膵臓**機能不全は、栄養素の吸収不良と体重減少を引き起こす可能性があります。
pelvic
[形容詞]

(anatomy) connected with the curved set of bones at the bottom of the body, called pelvis

骨盤の,  骨盤に関連する

骨盤の, 骨盤に関連する

physically
[副詞]

in relation to the body as opposed to the mind

物理的に, 身体的に

物理的に, 身体的に

Ex: The cold weather affected them physically, causing shivers .寒い天候が彼らに**身体的に**影響を与え、震えを引き起こしました。
renal
[形容詞]

relating to the kidneys or their function

腎臓の, 腎臓に関連する

腎臓の, 腎臓に関連する

Ex: Renal health is vital for maintaining proper fluid balance and filtering waste from the body .**腎臓**の健康は、適切な体液バランスを維持し、体から老廃物を濾過するために不可欠です。
retinal
[形容詞]

(anatomy) connected with the sensory part of the eye that sends signals to the brain, called retina

網膜の,  網膜に関連する

網膜の, 網膜に関連する

spinal
[形容詞]

relating to or forming the spine

脊髄の, 脊椎の

脊髄の, 脊椎の

Ex: Spinal reflexes , such as the knee-jerk reflex , occur in response to stimuli without involving the brain 's conscious processing .**脊髄**反射、例えば膝蓋腱反射は、脳の意識的な処理を伴わずに刺激に反応して起こります。
uterine
[形容詞]

relating to the uterus, the organ in the female reproductive system where fetal development occurs during pregnancy

子宮の, 子宮に関する

子宮の, 子宮に関する

Ex: Uterine cancer can be detected through regular screenings .**子宮**がんは定期的な検査で発見することができます。
vertebral
[形容詞]

(anatomy) related to any of the series of the bones from the back, called vertebra

脊椎の, 椎骨に関連する

脊椎の, 椎骨に関連する

to jaw
[動詞]

to use teeth to break down food into smaller pieces

噛む, 砕く

噛む, 砕く

Ex: He jawed a carrot as a healthy snack .
cranial
[形容詞]

relating to the skull or the part of the body enclosing the brain

頭蓋の, 頭蓋骨の

頭蓋の, 頭蓋骨の

Ex: Cranial pressure can increase due to conditions such as head trauma or intracranial bleeding .**頭蓋**内圧は、頭部外傷や頭蓋内出血などの状態により上昇することがあります。

to break down substances like food or drugs to produce energy or support various bodily functions

代謝する, 代謝によって変換する

代謝する, 代謝によって変換する

Ex: Enzymes in the stomach help metabolize proteins into amino acids during the digestive process .胃の中の酵素は、消化過程でタンパク質をアミノ酸に**代謝**するのに役立ちます。
temporal
[形容詞]

associated with or located in the region of the temples, which are the sides of the head above the ears

側頭の, 一時的な

側頭の, 一時的な

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