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English File - Advanced - Lesson 3B

Here you will find the vocabulary from Lesson 3B in the English File Advanced coursebook, such as "overthrow", "survivor", "declare", etc.

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English File - Advanced

to forcefully remove a person of authority or power from their position

Ex: The leader overthrown in a sudden and violent uprising .
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coup
[noun]

an unexpected, illegal, and often violent attempt to change a government

Ex: The country 's history was marked by several coup attempts during its transition to democracy .
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people
[noun]

human beings as a group, including men, women, and children

Ex: people gathered in the town square to celebrate the victory .
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event
[noun]

anything that takes place, particularly something important

Ex: Graduation day is a event in the lives of students and their families .
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ally
[noun]

a country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out

Ex: Even in peacetime, the two countries remained close allies, working together on economic and environmental issues.
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civilian
[Adjective]

relating to a person who is not a member of the military or police force and does not hold an official position in the government

Ex: He served as civilian volunteer , helping to distribute food and supplies to those in need .
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commander
[noun]

an officer in charge of a military operation or a group of soldiers

Ex: In times of crisis , commander's calm demeanor and quick decision-making were crucial to their survival .
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force
[noun]

a group of trained and organized people such as the police, soldiers, etc.

Ex: The force was sent to the war-torn region to help stabilize the area and provide humanitarian aid .
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refugee
[noun]

a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

Ex: refugee crisis prompted discussions on humanitarian aid and global responsibility .
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sniper
[noun]

an individual who shoots at their targets from a concealed and, usually, far place

Ex: sniper's role was to eliminate high-value targets from a concealed position , often from over a mile away .
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survivor
[noun]

someone or something that stays alive or continues to exist, particularly after nearly dying or an unpleasant event

Ex: The survivor recounted his experiences , honoring the memory of those who did not make it through the conflict .
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wounded
[noun]

someone who has been hurt or injured, either physically or emotionally

Ex: Despite his injuries, the wounded soldier remained determined to recover and return to his unit.
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ceasefire
[noun]

a temporary peace during a battle or war when discussions regarding permanent peace is taking place

Ex: During ceasefire, humanitarian aid was delivered to the affected areas .
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rebellion
[noun]

an organized action, usually violent, against an authority, attempting to bring about a change

Ex: The king tried to negotiate with the leaders of rebellion.
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siege
[noun]

the act of surrounding the enemy, a town, etc. and cutting off their supplies so that they would surrender

Ex: Historicallysieges have been a common tactic in warfare , used to conquer fortified positions or cities .
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to free oneself from a place that one is being held against their will, such as a prison

Ex: The infamous criminal plotted for years break out.
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to officially tell people something

Ex: declared his intention to run for mayor in the upcoming election .
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to defeat
[Verb]

to win against someone in a war, game, contest, etc.

Ex: Teams relentlessly competed , and one defeated the other to advance .
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to let someone leave a place in which they have been confined or stuck

Ex: Authorities agreed release the refugees from the holding facility .
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(of military) to move away in order to escape the danger because one has been defeated or is weak

Ex: The forces retreated to draw the enemy into less advantageous territory .
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shell
[noun]

a component of ammunition that is loaded into a firearm, including a casing or a hull, gunpowder, a primer, and a projectile

Ex: shell burst upon impact , causing a massive explosion and creating a significant crater in the ground .
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to give up resistance or stop fighting against an enemy or opponent

Ex: The general surrenders to avoid unnecessary conflict .
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metaphorical
[Adjective]

using a word, phrase, etc. not for its ordinary meaning, but for the idea or symbol that it represents or suggests

Ex: The playwright metaphorical imagery to explore themes of love and betrayal .
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conflict
[noun]

a serious disagreement or argument, often involving opposing interests or ideas

Ex: The internal conflict within the organization affected its overall efficiency and morale.
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warfare
[noun]

involvement in war, particularly using certain methods or weapons

Ex: Psychological warfare aims to demoralize the enemy, using propaganda and misinformation to weaken their resolve.
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to kill someone, especially as a legal penalty

Ex: International human rights organizations often condemn governments execute individuals without fair trials or proper legal representation .
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to cause something to explode

Ex: The dynamite was used to blow the tunnel entrance up.
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civil war
[noun]

a war that is between people who are in the same country

Ex: Civil wars typically arise from internal conflicts over political , social , or economic differences within a nation .
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the fundamental change of power, government, etc. in a country by people, particularly involving violence

Ex: revolution resulted in significant political and social reforms across the nation .
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troop
[noun]

armed forces or soldiers, especially by large numbers

Ex: troop advanced through the dense forest , maintaining communication and coordination to ensure their safety .
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to catch an animal or a person and keep them as a prisoner

Ex: Last year , the captured a specimen of a rare butterfly species .
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loot
[noun]

money, goods, or valuables that have been taken by force or through illegal means

Ex: The thieves were apprehended while attempting to smuggle loot across the border , leading to their arrest .
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treaty
[noun]

an official agreement between two or more governments or states

Ex: The treaty allowed for the transfer of criminals between the two countries to face justice .
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casualty
[noun]

someone who is killed or wounded during a war or an accident

Ex: The humanitarian organization released a statement highlighting the casualty numbers in the war-torn area , calling for immediate international assistance .
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