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English File - Advanced - Lesson 3B

Here you will find the vocabulary from Lesson 3B in the English File Advanced coursebook, such as "overthrow", "survivor", "declare", etc.

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English File - Advanced
to overthrow

to forcefully remove a person of authority or power from their position

Ex: The citizens united to overthrow the corrupt leader and establish a new government. 
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coup
coup
[noun]

an unexpected, illegal, and often violent attempt to change a government

Ex: The military launched a coup to overthrow the democratically elected government and seize control of the country. 
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people
people
[noun]

a group of humans

Ex: It is important to listen to the voices of the people and address their concerns. 
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event
event
[noun]

anything that takes place, particularly something important

Ex: The wedding was a joyous event that brought family and friends together. 
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ally
ally
[noun]

a country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out

Ex: During the war, each nation relied heavily on its allies for resources and support. 
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civilian
civilian
[Adjective]

relating to a person who is not a member of the military or police force and does not hold an official position in the government

Ex: After retiring from the army, he transitioned to civilian life and pursued a career in business. 
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commander
commander
[noun]

an officer in charge of a military operation or a group of soldiers

Ex: The commander briefed his team on the mission objectives and the strategic plan for the operation. 
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force
force
[noun]

a group of trained and organized people such as the police, soldiers, etc.

Ex: The police force worked tirelessly to maintain law and order during the city-wide protests. 
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refugee
refugee
[noun]

a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

Ex: The refugee camp provided shelter and basic necessities to displaced families. 
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sniper
sniper
[noun]

an individual who shoots at their targets from a concealed and, usually, far place

Ex: The sniper patiently waited for hours, hidden in the dense foliage, until the target was in sight. 
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survivor
survivor
[noun]

someone or something that stays alive or continues to exist, particularly after nearly dying or an unpleasant event

Ex: After the devastating earthquake, many survivors were found trapped under the rubble, clinging to life. 
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wounded
wounded
[noun]

someone who has been hurt or injured, either physically or emotionally

Ex: The medics quickly attended to the wounded, ensuring they received immediate medical attention on the battlefield. 
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ceasefire
ceasefire
[noun]

a temporary peace during a battle or war when discussions regarding permanent peace is taking place

Ex: The two sides agreed to a ceasefire to allow peace talks to begin. 
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rebellion
rebellion
[noun]

an organized action, usually violent, against an authority, attempting to bring about a change

Ex: The rebellion was sparked by harsh government policies. 
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siege
siege
[noun]

the act of surrounding the enemy, a town, etc. and cutting off their supplies so that they would surrender

Ex: The city endured a prolonged siege as enemy forces surrounded it, cutting off all supply routes. 
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to break out

to free oneself from a place that one is being held against their will, such as a prison

Ex: The prisoners attempted to break out during the night. 
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to declare

to officially tell people something

Ex: The country's leaders gathered to declare their independence from colonial rule. 
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to defeat
to defeat
[Verb]

to win against someone in a war, game, contest, etc.

Ex: The army worked together to defeat the enemy in a decisive battle. 
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to release

to let someone leave a place in which they have been confined or stuck

Ex: The zoo decided to release the rehabilitated animals back into the wild. 
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to retreat

(of military) to move away in order to escape the danger because one has been defeated or is weak

Ex: Faced with overwhelming enemy forces, the battalion decided to retreat from the battlefield. 
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shell
shell
[noun]

a component of ammunition that is loaded into a firearm, including a casing or a hull, gunpowder, a primer, and a projectile

Ex: The soldier carefully loaded the shell into the cannon, preparing for the next round of artillery fire. 
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to surrender

to give up resistance or stop fighting against an enemy or opponent

Ex: Faced with overwhelming forces, the army decided to surrender to avoid further bloodshed. 
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metaphorical
metaphorical
[Adjective]

using a word, phrase, etc. not for its ordinary meaning, but for the idea or symbol that it represents or suggests

Ex: The politician's speech was filled with metaphorical references to the journey of the nation. 
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conflict
conflict
[noun]

a disagreement or argument over something important

Ex: She avoided conflict by compromising early. 
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warfare
warfare
[noun]

involvement in war, particularly using certain methods or weapons

Ex: Modern warfare often involves advanced technology and cyber attacks, alongside traditional combat. 
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to execute

to kill someone, especially as a legal penalty

Ex: The condemned criminal was executed by lethal injection after exhausting all appeals. 
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to blow up

to cause something to explode

Ex: The sudden impact blew the car up. 
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civil war
civil war
[noun]

a war that is between people who are in the same country

Ex: The American Civil War was fought between the Northern states (Union) and the Southern states (Confederacy) over issues of slavery and states' rights. 
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revolution

the fundamental change of power, government, etc. in a country by people, particularly involving violence

Ex: The revolution led to the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic. 
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troop
troop
[noun]

armed forces or soldiers, especially by large numbers

Ex: The general deployed an elite troop to the front lines to bolster the defensive positions. 
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to capture

to catch an animal or a person and keep them as a prisoner

Ex: The zookeepers capture wild animals for conservation purposes. 
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loot
loot
[noun]

money, goods, or valuables that have been taken by force or through illegal means

Ex: The robbers divided the loot among themselves after the successful heist, unaware that the police were closing in on them. 
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treaty
treaty
[noun]

an official agreement between two or more governments or states

Ex: The two countries signed a peace treaty to end decades of conflict and establish diplomatic relations. 
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casualty
casualty
[noun]

someone who is killed or wounded during a war or an accident

Ex: The recent earthquake resulted in a tragic casualty count of over 500 people, leaving families devastated across the region. 
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