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医療科学 - 薬の種類

ここでは、「解毒剤」「催吐剤」「鎮痛剤」など、さまざまな種類の薬に関する英単語を学びます。

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Words Related to Medical Science
antidepressant
[名詞]

a drug that is used to treat people who feel extremely sad and anxious

抗うつ剤, 抗うつ薬

抗うつ剤, 抗うつ薬

antidote
[名詞]

a substance that counteracts or controls the effects of a poison

解毒剤 (げどくざい), 抗毒素 (こうどくそ)

解毒剤 (げどくざい), 抗毒素 (こうどくそ)

Ex: Education about potential hazards and their antidotes can help prevent and mitigate the effects of poisoning incidents .
antiviral
[形容詞]

inhibiting or destroying the growth and replication of viruses

抗ウイルスの, ウイルス抑制の

抗ウイルスの, ウイルス抑制の

Ex: Antiviral treatments are often administered to patients with herpes simplex virus infections .
antiviral
[名詞]

(of a drug) effective against viral infections caused by a virus

抗ウイルス薬, ウイルス感染治療薬

抗ウイルス薬, ウイルス感染治療薬

Ex: Healthcare providers may antivirals as a preventive measure for individuals at high risk of certain viral infections , such as influenza or cytomegalovirus .
amphetamine
[名詞]

a stimulant used for ADHD and narcolepsy but is also associated with misuse and addiction

アンフェタミン, アンフェタミン系薬物

アンフェタミン, アンフェタミン系薬物

Ex: amphetamines can result in addiction and serious side effects .
analgesic
[名詞]

a pain-relieving medication

鎮痛剤 (ちんつうざい), 鎮痛薬 (ちんつうやく)

鎮痛剤 (ちんつうざい), 鎮痛薬 (ちんつうやく)

Ex: Individuals with chronic headaches often analgesics to alleviate pain and improve daily functioning .
antacid
[名詞]

a medication that reduces or neutralizes the acidity of the body, particularly the stomach

制酸剤 (せいさんざい), 抗酸剤 (こうさんざい)

制酸剤 (せいさんざい), 抗酸剤 (こうさんざい)

Ex: Antacids can neutralize stomach acid and provide fast relief .
anticoagulant
[名詞]

a substance or medication that inhibits the clotting of blood

抗凝固剤, 抗血栓薬

抗凝固剤, 抗血栓薬

Ex: In cases of pulmonary embolism , emergency room physicians often anticoagulants to prevent further clot formation .
anti-inflammatory
[名詞]

the substances, medications, or treatments that reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms associated with inflammatory conditions, such as pain and swelling

抗炎症薬, 抗炎症剤

抗炎症薬, 抗炎症剤

Ex: anti-inflammatory spray is helpful for soothing sunburned skin .
barbiturate
[名詞]

any organic compound derived from barbituric acid that is used as a sedative and greatly reduces the activity of the nervous system

バルビツール酸系薬物, バルビツレート

バルビツール酸系薬物, バルビツレート

beta blocker
[名詞]

a medication that reduces heart rate and blood pressure by blocking the effects of adrenaline

ベータブロッカー, β遮断薬

ベータブロッカー, β遮断薬

Ex: Beta blockers can help improve survival rates in patients with heart failure .
decongestant
[名詞]

a type of medicine used when someone has a cold and a blocked nose to help them breathe more easily

去痰剤, 鼻スプレー

去痰剤, 鼻スプレー

Ex: It 's important to follow the recommended dosage instructions when decongestants to avoid potential side effects or drug interactions .
depressant
[名詞]

a substance, such as a medication or alcohol, that slows down the central nervous system, causing relaxation and reduced function

抑制剤 (よくせいざい), 鎮静剤 (ちんせいざい)

抑制剤 (よくせいざい), 鎮静剤 (ちんせいざい)

Ex: Understanding the effects depressants is essential for responsible and safe usage .
emetic
[名詞]

a substance that causes vomiting and is used in cases of poisoning or overdose to remove harmful substances from the stomach

催吐薬 (さいとはくやく), 嘔吐剤 (おうとざい)

催吐薬 (さいとはくやく), 嘔吐剤 (おうとざい)

Ex: The quick administration of emetic can help prevent further absorption of harmful substances .
expectorant
[名詞]

a medicine that helps clear mucus and phlegm, relieving coughs and congestion

去痰剤 (きょたんざい), 喉の薬 (のどのくすり)

去痰剤 (きょたんざい), 喉の薬 (のどのくすり)

Ex: Taking expectorant before bedtime eased my nighttime coughing .
fertility drug
[名詞]

a medication designed to enhance fertility by addressing hormonal imbalances or stimulating the ovaries to improve the chances of conception

不妊治療薬, 排卵誘発剤

不妊治療薬, 排卵誘発剤

Ex: fertility drugs requires careful monitoring by healthcare professionals .
herbal medicine
[名詞]

the medicinal products made from plants or plant extracts used for their therapeutic properties

漢方薬 (かんぽうやく), ハーブ療法 (ハーブりょうほう)

漢方薬 (かんぽうやく), ハーブ療法 (ハーブりょうほう)

Ex: herbal medicine into daily routines can support overall health .
hypnotic
[名詞]

a medication that induces sleep

催眠薬 (saimin'yaku), 睡眠薬 (suimin'yaku)

催眠薬 (saimin'yaku), 睡眠薬 (suimin'yaku)

Ex: The pharmacist provided guidance on the proper dosage and potential side effects of the hypnotic.
magic bullet
[名詞]

a drug or treatment that effectively prevents or cures a specific disease or condition with minimal or no harmful side effects

魔法の弾丸, 特効薬

魔法の弾丸, 特効薬

Ex: Doctors hope to find magic bullet for Alzheimer 's disease , a condition with currently limited treatment options .
multivitamin
[名詞]

a dietary supplement that contains a combination of essential vitamins and minerals, commonly taken orally in the form of tablets, capsules, or gummies

マルチビタミン, マルチビタミン剤

マルチビタミン, マルチビタミン剤

Ex: She researched the multivitamin options to find one that met her specific nutritional needs .
opioid
[名詞]

any drugs with the same effects as opium, medicinally used for reducing extreme pain

オピオイド, オピウム類

オピオイド, オピウム類

painkiller
[名詞]

a type of medicine that is used to reduce or relieve pain

鎮痛剤 (ちんつうざい), 痛み止め (いたみどめ)

鎮痛剤 (ちんつうざい), 痛み止め (いたみどめ)

Ex: He relied on painkiller to cope with chronic pain from his condition .
pastille
[名詞]

a sweet that contains medicine or is flavored with fruit to treat sore throat

飴(あめ), 薬味(くすりみ)

飴(あめ), 薬味(くすりみ)

patent medicine
[名詞]

over-the-counter remedies sold without scientific validation for their effectiveness and safety

特許薬, 民間療法薬

特許薬, 民間療法薬

Ex: People patent medicine without a prescription for self-treatment .
pessary
[名詞]

a device placed in the vagina to support pelvic organs or manage certain gynecological conditions

ペッサリー, 膣内支持器具

ペッサリー, 膣内支持器具

Ex: Inserting pessary is a straightforward procedure that can be done at home .
prescription drug
[名詞]

a medication that needs a written order from a licensed healthcare provider to be bought because of its potential side effects and risks

処方薬, 処方された医薬品

処方薬, 処方された医薬品

Ex: He went to the pharmacy to pick up prescription drug for pain relief .
prophylactic
[名詞]

a preventive measure or substance, such as a medication or treatment, taken to protect against the occurrence of a disease or other unwanted health condition

予防薬(よぼうやく), 予防措置(よぼうそち)

予防薬(よぼうやく), 予防措置(よぼうそち)

purgative
[名詞]

a substance that promotes bowel movements to relieve constipation

下剤(げざい), 排便剤(はいべんざい)

下剤(げざい), 排便剤(はいべんざい)

Ex: Some fruits and vegetables can act as purgatives.
relaxant
[名詞]

a substance or medication that induces a state of relaxation by reducing tension, stress, or muscle activity

リラクサント, 筋弛緩剤

リラクサント, 筋弛緩剤

Ex: Prolonged use relaxants may have side effects and should be monitored .
sedative
[名詞]

any drug that is used to make one feel calm or induce sleep

鎮静剤, 催眠剤

鎮静剤, 催眠剤

sleeping pill
[名詞]

a medication taken to induce sleep or relieve insomnia

睡眠薬 (すいみんやく), 眠剤 (みんざい)

睡眠薬 (すいみんやく), 眠剤 (みんざい)

Ex: The doctor recommended lifestyle changes along with sleeping pill to improve her overall sleep quality .
statin
[名詞]

a medication that lowers cholesterol levels to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases

スタチン, スタチン薬

スタチン, スタチン薬

Ex: Statins are often used to manage high cholesterol levels .
suppository
[名詞]

a medication form inserted into the body, usually in the rectum or vagina, where it dissolves or melts to release the medication

座薬(ざやく), 膣栓(ちつせん)

座薬(ざやく), 膣栓(ちつせん)

Ex: suppository quickly melted , delivering the pain-relieving medication .
suppressant
[名詞]

a substance that controls or inhibits certain physiological processes, commonly used to alleviate symptoms like coughing or appetite

抑制剤, サプレッサント

抑制剤, サプレッサント

Ex: suppressant can be a useful addition to cold remedies for symptom relief .
booster
[名詞]

an additional dose of vaccine required periodically in order to increase, maintain, or renew the effects of a previous one

ブースター, ブースター接種

ブースター, ブースター接種

tincture
[名詞]

(pharmacology) a liquid medicine made by soaking a plant or herb in alcohol to extract its healing properties

チンキ, チンキ剤

チンキ, チンキ剤

Ex: The patient reported positive effects after using the tincture as recommended .
vaccine
[名詞]

a substance, often administered through needle injections, that stimulates the body's immune response against harmful diseases

ワクチン, 予防接種薬

ワクチン, 予防接種薬

Ex: The annual vaccine is recommended for vulnerable populations such as the elderly and young children .
local anesthetic
[名詞]

a medication that numbs a specific part of the body to block pain during medical procedures

局所麻酔薬 (きょくしょますいくすり), 局所麻酔 (きょくしょますい)

局所麻酔薬 (きょくしょますいくすり), 局所麻酔 (きょくしょますい)

Ex: local anesthetic gel eased the discomfort during the minor skin procedure .
contraceptive
[名詞]

any device, drug, or method that is used to prevent pregnancy

避妊具 (ひにんぐ), 避妊薬 (ひにんやく)

避妊具 (ひにんぐ), 避妊薬 (ひにんやく)

cough medicine
[名詞]

a‌ medicine, often in a form of liquid, that one takes to relieve coughing

咳止め薬, 咳用シロップ

咳止め薬, 咳用シロップ

Ex: cough medicine worked quickly to relieve his symptoms .
diazepam
[名詞]

a tranquilizing drug used to treat mild to moderate anxiety and tension

ジアゼパム, ダイアゼパム

ジアゼパム, ダイアゼパム

downer
[名詞]

a sedative or depressant drug, particularly a barbiturate

抑制剤, 鎮静薬

抑制剤, 鎮静薬

laxative
[名詞]

a substance, usually a drug, used to stimulate evacuation of the bowels

下剤, 便秘薬

下剤, 便秘薬

liver salts
[名詞]

‌a substance one drinks that helps to treat or relieve indigestion

肝臓塩, 肝臓用塩

肝臓塩, 肝臓用塩

temazepam
[名詞]

a drug that is used to treat symptoms of anxiety and insomnia

テマゾパム, テマゼパム

テマゾパム, テマゼパム

tonic
[名詞]

a drug that makes one feel stronger, healthier, or better, particularly used to treat exhaustion

強壮剤, 滋養剤

強壮剤, 滋養剤

pharmaceutic
[名詞]

a medicinal substance, particularly one prepared for use as a drug

製薬物, 薬剤

製薬物, 薬剤

Ex: The doctor considered the patient 's medical history before prescribing pharmaceutic.
tranquilizer
[名詞]

a medication that induces a state of calmness and relaxation, often prescribed to alleviate anxiety or promote sleep

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