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医療科学 - 薬の種類

ここでは、"解毒剤"、"吐剤"、"鎮痛剤"など、さまざまな種類の薬に関連する英語の単語を学びます。

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Words Related to Medical Science

a drug that is used to treat people who feel extremely sad and anxious

抗うつ薬

抗うつ薬

antidote
[名詞]

a substance that counteracts or controls the effects of a poison

解毒剤, アンチドート

解毒剤, アンチドート

Ex: Education about potential hazards and their corresponding antidotes can help prevent and mitigate the effects of poisoning incidents .潜在的な危険性とそれに対応する**解毒剤**についての教育は、中毒事故の影響を予防し軽減するのに役立ちます。
antiviral
[形容詞]

inhibiting or destroying the growth and replication of viruses

抗ウイルス, 抗ウイルス性

抗ウイルス, 抗ウイルス性

Ex: Antiviral treatments are often administered to patients with herpes simplex virus infections .**抗ウイルス**治療は、単純ヘルペスウイルス感染症の患者によく投与されます。
antiviral
[名詞]

a drug that fights viral infections

Ex: Healthcare providers may recommend antivirals as a preventive measure for individuals at high risk of certain viral infections , such as influenza or cytomegalovirus .
amphetamine
[名詞]

a stimulant used for ADHD and narcolepsy but is also associated with misuse and addiction

アンフェタミン

アンフェタミン

Ex: Misusing amphetamines can result in addiction and serious side effects .
analgesic
[名詞]

a pain-relieving medication

鎮痛剤

鎮痛剤

Ex: Individuals with chronic headaches often rely on analgesics to alleviate pain and improve daily functioning .慢性的な頭痛に悩む人々は、痛みを和らげ日常生活の機能を改善するために、しばしば**鎮痛剤**に頼ります。
antacid
[名詞]

a medication that reduces or neutralizes the acidity of the body, particularly the stomach

制酸剤, 酸中和剤

制酸剤, 酸中和剤

Ex: Antacids can neutralize stomach acid and provide fast relief .**制酸剤**は胃酸を中和し、迅速な緩和を提供することができます。

a substance or medication that inhibits the clotting of blood

抗凝固薬, 血液希釈剤

抗凝固薬, 血液希釈剤

Ex: In cases of pulmonary embolism , emergency room physicians often administer anticoagulants to prevent further clot formation .肺塞栓症の場合、救急室の医師はしばしばさらなる血栓形成を防ぐために**抗凝固剤**を投与します。

the substances, medications, or treatments that reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms associated with inflammatory conditions, such as pain and swelling

抗炎症薬, 炎症を抑える薬

抗炎症薬, 炎症を抑える薬

Ex: An anti-inflammatory spray is helpful for soothing sunburned skin .**抗炎症**スプレーは、日焼けした肌を鎮めるのに役立ちます。
barbiturate
[名詞]

any organic compound derived from barbituric acid that is used as a sedative and greatly reduces the activity of the nervous system

バルビツール酸塩, バルビツール酸から誘導された有機化合物

バルビツール酸塩, バルビツール酸から誘導された有機化合物

beta blocker
[名詞]

a medication that reduces heart rate and blood pressure by blocking the effects of adrenaline

ベータ遮断薬, βブロッカー

ベータ遮断薬, βブロッカー

Ex: Beta blockers can help improve survival rates in patients with heart failure .
decongestant
[名詞]

a type of medicine used when someone has a cold and a blocked nose to help them breathe more easily

充血緩和剤, 鼻づまりを緩和する薬

充血緩和剤, 鼻づまりを緩和する薬

Ex: It 's important to follow the recommended dosage instructions when using decongestants to avoid potential side effects or drug interactions .潜在的な副作用や薬物相互作用を避けるために、**充血緩和剤**を使用する際には推奨される用量指示に従うことが重要です。
depressant
[名詞]

a substance, such as a medication or alcohol, that slows down the central nervous system, causing relaxation and reduced function

抑制剤, 鎮静剤

抑制剤, 鎮静剤

Ex: Understanding the effects of depressants is essential for responsible and safe usage .
emetic
[名詞]

a substance that causes vomiting and is used in cases of poisoning or overdose to remove harmful substances from the stomach

催吐剤, 嘔吐誘発薬

催吐剤, 嘔吐誘発薬

Ex: The quick administration of an emetic can help prevent further absorption of harmful substances .
expectorant
[名詞]

a medicine that helps clear mucus and phlegm, relieving coughs and congestion

去痰薬, 痰を切る薬

去痰薬, 痰を切る薬

Ex: Taking an expectorant before bedtime eased my nighttime coughing .

a medication designed to enhance fertility by addressing hormonal imbalances or stimulating the ovaries to improve the chances of conception

不妊治療薬, 不妊治療

不妊治療薬, 不妊治療

Ex: Using fertility drugs requires careful monitoring by healthcare professionals .

the medicinal products made from plants or plant extracts used for their therapeutic properties

ハーブ医学, 植物療法

ハーブ医学, 植物療法

Ex: Incorporating herbal medicine into daily routines can support overall health .日常のルーティンに**ハーブ療法**を取り入れることは、全体的な健康をサポートすることができます。
hypnotic
[名詞]

a medication that induces sleep

催眠薬, 睡眠薬

催眠薬, 睡眠薬

Ex: The primary care physician considered a herbal hypnotic supplement as an alternative for the patient seeking a natural sleep aid.プライマリケア医は、自然な睡眠補助を求める患者のための代替としてハーブの**催眠**サプリメントを検討しました。
magic bullet
[名詞]

a drug or treatment that effectively prevents or cures a specific disease or condition with minimal or no harmful side effects

魔法の弾丸, 奇跡的な解決策

魔法の弾丸, 奇跡的な解決策

Ex: Doctors hope to find a magic bullet for Alzheimer 's disease , a condition with currently limited treatment options .
multivitamin
[名詞]

a dietary supplement that contains a combination of essential vitamins and minerals, commonly taken orally in the form of tablets, capsules, or gummies

マルチビタミン, マルチビタミンサプリメント

マルチビタミン, マルチビタミンサプリメント

Ex: She researched the best multivitamin options to find one that met her specific nutritional needs .彼女は特定の栄養ニーズを満たすものを見つけるために、最高の**マルチビタミン**オプションを調査しました。
opioid
[名詞]

any drugs with the same effects as opium, medicinally used for reducing extreme pain

オピオイド, オピオイド鎮痛剤

オピオイド, オピオイド鎮痛剤

painkiller
[名詞]

a type of medicine that is used to reduce or relieve pain

鎮痛剤, 痛み止め

鎮痛剤, 痛み止め

Ex: He relied on a painkiller to cope with chronic pain from his condition .彼は自分の状態からくる慢性の痛みに対処するために**鎮痛剤**に頼っていた。
pastille
[名詞]

a sweet that contains medicine or is flavored with fruit to treat sore throat

トローチ

トローチ

over-the-counter remedies sold without scientific validation for their effectiveness and safety

特許医薬品, いかがわしい薬

特許医薬品, いかがわしい薬

Ex: People purchased patent medicine without a prescription for self-treatment .
pessary
[名詞]

a device placed in the vagina to support pelvic organs or manage certain gynecological conditions

ペッサリー, 膣サポートデバイス

ペッサリー, 膣サポートデバイス

Ex: Inserting a pessary is a straightforward procedure that can be done at home .

a medication that needs a written order from a licensed healthcare provider to be bought because of its potential side effects and risks

処方薬, 処方せん薬

処方薬, 処方せん薬

Ex: He went to the pharmacy to pick up his prescription drug for pain relief .
prophylactic
[名詞]

a preventive measure or substance, such as a medication or treatment, taken to protect against the occurrence of a disease or other unwanted health condition

予防薬, 予防措置

予防薬, 予防措置

Ex: Good dental hygiene, like brushing and flossing, is a prophylactic habit to prevent tooth decay.歯磨きやフロスなどの良い歯の衛生は、虫歯を防ぐための**予防的**な習慣です。
purgative
[名詞]

a substance that promotes bowel movements to relieve constipation

下剤, 瀉下薬

下剤, 瀉下薬

Ex: Using a purgative may lead to more frequent bowel movements.
relaxant
[名詞]

a substance or medication that induces a state of relaxation by reducing tension, stress, or muscle activity

弛緩剤

弛緩剤

Ex: Prolonged use of relaxants may have side effects and should be monitored .
sedative
[名詞]

any drug that is used to make one feel calm or induce sleep

鎮静剤, 沈静剤

鎮静剤, 沈静剤

a medication taken to induce sleep or relieve insomnia

睡眠薬, 眠り薬

睡眠薬, 眠り薬

Ex: The doctor recommended lifestyle changes along with a sleeping pill to improve her overall sleep quality .医師は、彼女の全体的な睡眠の質を改善するために、生活習慣の変更とともに**睡眠薬**を勧めました。
statin
[名詞]

a medication that lowers cholesterol levels to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases

スタチン

スタチン

Ex: Over-the-counter supplements may interact with statin medications.
suppository
[名詞]

a medication form inserted into the body, usually in the rectum or vagina, where it dissolves or melts to release the medication

坐剤, 膣剤

坐剤, 膣剤

Ex: The suppository quickly melted , delivering the pain-relieving medication .
suppressant
[名詞]

a substance that controls or inhibits certain physiological processes, commonly used to alleviate symptoms like coughing or appetite

抑制剤,  阻害剤

抑制剤, 阻害剤

Ex: A suppressant can be a useful addition to cold remedies for symptom relief .**抑制剤**は、風邪の症状緩和のための治療法に有用な追加となる可能性があります。
booster
[名詞]

an additional dose of vaccine required periodically in order to increase, maintain, or renew the effects of a previous one

ブースター, 追加接種

ブースター, 追加接種

tincture
[名詞]

(pharmacology) a liquid medicine made by soaking a plant or herb in alcohol to extract its healing properties

チンキ, アルコール抽出物

チンキ, アルコール抽出物

Ex: The patient reported positive effects after using the herbal tincture as recommended .
vaccine
[名詞]

a substance, often administered through needle injections, that stimulates the body's immune response against harmful diseases

ワクチン

ワクチン

Ex: The annual flu vaccine is recommended for vulnerable populations such as the elderly and young children .高齢者や幼児などの脆弱な人口に対して、年間のインフルエンザ**ワクチン**が推奨されています。

a medication that numbs a specific part of the body to block pain during medical procedures

局所麻酔薬, 局部麻酔

局所麻酔薬, 局部麻酔

Ex: The local anesthetic gel eased the discomfort during the minor skin procedure .

any device, drug, or method that is used to prevent pregnancy

避妊具, 避妊方法

避妊具, 避妊方法

a‌ medicine, often in a form of liquid, that one takes to relieve coughing

咳止めシロップ, 咳止め薬

咳止めシロップ, 咳止め薬

Ex: The cough medicine worked quickly to relieve his symptoms .**咳止め薬**は彼の症状をすばやく和らげました。
diazepam
[名詞]

a tranquilizing drug used to treat mild to moderate anxiety and tension

ジアゼパム

ジアゼパム

downer
[名詞]

a sedative or depressant drug, particularly a barbiturate

鎮静剤, 抑制剤

鎮静剤, 抑制剤

laxative
[名詞]

a substance, usually a drug, used to stimulate evacuation of the bowels

下剤, 緩下剤

下剤, 緩下剤

liver salts
[名詞]

‌a substance one drinks that helps to treat or relieve indigestion

肝臓塩, 肝臓用塩

肝臓塩, 肝臓用塩

temazepam
[名詞]

a drug that is used to treat symptoms of anxiety and insomnia

テマゼパム, 不安や不眠症の症状を治療するために使用される薬

テマゼパム, 不安や不眠症の症状を治療するために使用される薬

tonic
[名詞]

a drug that makes one feel stronger, healthier, or better, particularly used to treat exhaustion

強壮剤, 滋養強壮薬

強壮剤, 滋養強壮薬

pharmaceutic
[名詞]

a medicinal substance, particularly one prepared for use as a drug

医薬品, 薬

医薬品, 薬

Ex: The doctor considered the patient 's medical history before prescribing the pharmaceutic.
tranquilizer
[名詞]

a medication that induces a state of calmness and relaxation, often prescribed to alleviate anxiety or promote sleep

鎮静剤, 沈静剤

鎮静剤, 沈静剤

Ex: Deep breathing exercises can act as a non-medicated tranquillizer.深呼吸のエクササイズは、非薬物の**鎮静剤**として機能することができます。
医療科学
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