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自然科学SAT - 土地和水

在这里,你将学习一些与土地和水有关的英语单词,如“地形”、“河口”、“峡谷”等,这些单词是你通过SAT考试所需要的。

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
terrain
[名词]

an area of land, particularly in reference to its physical or natural features

地形, 风景

地形, 风景

Ex: Farmers adapted their cultivation techniques to suit the varying terrain of their land , employing terracing on slopes and irrigation systems in low-lying areas to optimize agricultural productivity .农民调整了他们的耕作技术以适应他们土地的不同**地形**,在斜坡上采用梯田,在低洼地区采用灌溉系统,以优化农业生产力。
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playa
[名词]

a flat-bottomed desert basin that periodically fills with water to form a temporary lake, but remains dry for most of the year

普拉亚, 平坦的沙漠盆地

普拉亚, 平坦的沙漠盆地

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pasture
[名词]

a field covered with grass or similar herbs suitable for animals to graze on

牧场, 草地

牧场, 草地

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foothill
[名词]

a low hill at the base of a mountain or mountain range

山麓, 山脚下的小山

山麓, 山脚下的小山

Ex: They built their home in the foothills to enjoy the scenic views and fresh air .他们在**山脚下**建造了自己的家,以享受风景和新鲜空气。
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crest
[名词]

the highest point or summit, especially of a mountain or hill, where the incline culminates

顶峰, 山脊

顶峰, 山脊

Ex: During the cycling race , the most difficult part for the riders was the steep ascent to the crest of the ridge .在自行车比赛中,对骑手来说最困难的部分是陡峭地攀登到山脊的**顶峰**。
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boulder
[名词]

a large rock, usually one that has been shaped by natural forces such as water or ice

巨石, 大石头

巨石, 大石头

Ex: The archaeologists discovered ancient petroglyphs carved into the surface of the boulder, offering insights into the beliefs of past civilizations .考古学家发现了刻在**巨石**表面的古代岩画,为了解过去文明的信仰提供了见解。
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ridge
[名词]

a long, narrow elevated strip of land or underwater feature that stands higher than its surroundings

山脊, 山脉

山脊, 山脉

Ex: The ridge on the seafloor marked the boundary between two tectonic plates .海底的**脊**标志着两个构造板块之间的边界。
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landslide
[名词]

a sudden fall of a large mass of dirt or rock down a mountainside or cliff

山体滑坡, 塌方

山体滑坡, 塌方

Ex: The government issued a warning to residents about the risk of landslides during the storm .政府向居民发出了关于风暴期间**山体滑坡**风险的警告。
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meadow
[名词]

a piece of land covered in grass and sometimes wild flowers, often used for hay

草地, 牧场

草地, 牧场

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rainforest
[名词]

‌a thick, tropical forest with tall trees and consistently heavy rainfall

雨林, 热带雨林

雨林, 热带雨林

Ex: The rainforest is home to many indigenous communities .**雨林**是许多土著社区的家园。
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landmark
[名词]

a structure or a place that is historically important

地标, 历史遗迹

地标, 历史遗迹

Ex: In Washington , D.C. , the Lincoln Memorial serves as both a tribute to President Lincoln and a powerful landmark of American history .在华盛顿特区,林肯纪念堂既是对林肯总统的致敬,也是美国历史上一个强大的**地标**。
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mound
[名词]

a small, natural hill or raised area of earth, typically formed by natural processes

小丘, 土堆

小丘, 土堆

Ex: The children rolled down the grassy mound in the park .孩子们从公园里长满草的**小丘**上滚了下来。
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mudflat
[名词]

a coastal wetland area that is covered by mud or silt at low tide and exposed at high tide

泥滩, 潮汐平原

泥滩, 潮汐平原

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berm
[名词]

a flat strip or ledge of land, located along the side of a road, typically used for drainage or as a barrier

护道, 路肩

护道, 路肩

Ex: The joggers ran on the berm to avoid the busy road .慢跑者们在**路肩**上跑步以避免繁忙的道路。
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bluff
[名词]

a high, steep cliff or bank overlooking a body of water, often formed by erosion or geological processes

悬崖, 峭壁

悬崖, 峭壁

Ex: The town was nestled at the base of a rugged bluff along the river .小镇坐落在河边崎岖的**悬崖**脚下。
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bank
[名词]

land along the sides of a river, canal, etc.

岸, 河岸

岸, 河岸

Ex: The flooded river caused the water to rise above its banks, spilling into the nearby fields .泛滥的河水导致水位上涨超过其**河岸**,溢到附近的田地里。
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gorge
[名词]

a deep narrow valley, typically with a stream running through it

峡谷, 山谷

峡谷, 山谷

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tundra
[名词]

the expansive flat Arctic regions, of North America, Asia, and Europe, in which no trees grow and the soil is always frozen

苔原, 冻原

苔原, 冻原

Ex: Climate change poses a threat to tundra regions worldwide, affecting wildlife habitats and contributing to permafrost thawing.气候变化对全世界的**苔原**地区构成威胁,影响野生动物栖息地并导致永久冻土融化。
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tract
[名词]

a large area of land, often defined by boundaries, used for specific purposes such as development, agriculture, or conservation

大片土地, 地块

大片土地, 地块

Ex: The conservation organization acquired a large tract of wetlands to protect migratory bird habitats .该保护组织收购了一大片湿地以保护候鸟栖息地。
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overland
[形容词]

related to travel or transport over land, especially across long distances or difficult terrain

陆路的, 通过陆路的

陆路的, 通过陆路的

Ex: The company specializes in organizing overland expeditions for adventurous travelers.该公司专门为冒险旅行者组织**陆路**探险。
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to erode
[动词]

to undergo gradual wearing away or reduction in size, typically as a result of natural forces or environmental factors

侵蚀, 腐蚀

侵蚀, 腐蚀

Ex: In the absence of vegetation , hillsides erode more quickly during storms .在没有植被的情况下,山坡在暴风雨期间**侵蚀**得更快。
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rapid
[名词]

a fast and turbulent part of a river with swift currents and obstacles like rocks

急流

急流

Ex: The guide steered the raft through the rapids safely .向导安全地引导木筏穿过**急流**。
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creek
[名词]

a narrow, shallow watercourse, often flowing through a confined natural channel

小溪, 小河

小溪, 小河

Ex: Wildflowers lined the edges of the creek, adding a burst of color to the landscape .野花沿着**小溪**的边缘排列,为景观增添了一抹色彩。
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tributary
[名词]

a watercourse that flows into a larger river or body of water

支流, 附属河流

支流, 附属河流

Ex: Navigating through the heart of Europe , the Danube River gains strength as it absorbs tributaries like the Inn and Drava Rivers .多瑙河流经欧洲心脏地带,通过吸收因河和德拉瓦河等**支流**来增强力量。
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puddle
[名词]

a small pool of water or other liquid, particularly rainwater

水坑, 水洼

水坑, 水洼

Ex: The puddle reflected the lights of the city at night , creating a shimmering effect on the pavement .**水坑**在夜晚反射着城市的光芒,在人行道上创造出闪烁的效果。
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eddy
[名词]

a circular current of water or air that moves against the main flow, creating a small whirlpool or whirl

漩涡, 涡流

漩涡, 涡流

Ex: The swimmer steered clear of the eddy to avoid getting pulled in .游泳者避开**漩涡**以免被卷入。
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current
[名词]

the flow or movement of water or a liquid in a specific direction

水流, 潮流

水流, 潮流

Ex: The warm ocean current influences the coastal climate, making winters milder.温暖的海洋**洋流**影响沿海气候,使冬天更加温和。
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brook
[名词]

a small, natural watercourse or stream; typically characterized by a gentle and continuous flow

小溪, 小河

小溪, 小河

Ex: The brook's clear water sparkled in the sunlight .**小溪**的清澈水在阳光下闪闪发光。
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ripple
[名词]

a slight wave or series of waves on the water's surface caused by a breeze or a disturbance

涟漪, 波纹

涟漪, 波纹

Ex: She watched the ripples spread out from where the fish had jumped .她看着**涟漪**从鱼跳起的地方扩散开来。
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trickle
[名词]

a small, slow flow of liquid

细流, 滴

细流, 滴

Ex: A trickle of blood emerged from the small cut on her finger .从她手指上的小伤口中渗出了一**细流**血。
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inlet
[名词]

a narrow body of water between islands or leading inland from a larger body of water, often serving as a passageway or channel

入口, 水道

入口, 水道

Ex: The tidal flow through the inlet created a unique ecosystem .通过**入口**的潮汐流创造了一个独特的生态系统。
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swash
[名词]

the gentle, rhythmic movement and sound of water as it washes up onto the shore or against objects

波浪的轻拍声, 水轻柔的声音

波浪的轻拍声, 水轻柔的声音

Ex: After the storm , the swash of raindrops against the window was comforting .暴风雨过后,雨滴拍打窗户的**哗啦声**令人感到安慰。
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runoff
[名词]

the excess liquid, typically water, that exceeds the capacity of an area to contain or absorb it

径流, 溢流

径流, 溢流

Ex: Urban planning now incorporates green spaces to absorb the runoff and reduce flooding risks .城市规划现在纳入绿色空间以吸收**径流**并减少洪水风险。
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lagoon
[名词]

a shallow body of water separated from a larger body of water, often by a barrier island, coral reef, or sandbar

泻湖, 礁湖

泻湖, 礁湖

Ex: The Okavango Delta in Botswana consists of lagoons and water channels , attracting a rich variety of wildlife .博茨瓦纳的奥卡万戈三角洲由**泻湖**和水道组成,吸引了丰富的野生动物。
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swamp
[名词]

an area of land that is covered with water or is always very wet

沼泽, 湿地

沼泽, 湿地

Ex: Local folklore often tells tales of mysterious creatures lurking in the depths of the swamp, adding to its allure and mystery .当地民间传说常常讲述潜伏在**沼泽**深处的神秘生物的故事,为其增添了魅力和神秘感。
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estuary
[名词]

the part of a river that is wide and where it meets the sea

河口, 江口

河口, 江口

Ex: Environmentalists work to protect estuaries from pollution and habitat destruction .环保人士致力于保护**河口**免受污染和栖息地破坏。
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gully
[名词]

a narrow channel or ravine formed by the erosion of soil, especially by running water during rainfall or storms

沟壑, 溪谷

沟壑, 溪谷

Ex: Wildlife tracks often follow the course of a gully, providing natural pathways through the landscape.野生动物的足迹常常沿着**沟壑**的路线,提供了穿越景观的自然路径。
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slough
[名词]

a stagnant or slow-moving channel or inlet, often connected to a larger body of water, such as a marsh, swamp, or backwater

死水, 沼泽

死水, 沼泽

Ex: Over time , sediment buildup narrowed the slough, altering its ecosystem dynamics .
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splatter
[名词]

the scattered droplets or particles of water or liquid that result from something being struck or dispersed forcefully

溅, 飞溅

溅, 飞溅

Ex: The chef stirred the soup vigorously , causing a splatter of broth on the stove .厨师用力搅拌汤,导致炉子上溅出了**汤汁**。
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fjord
[名词]

a steep, deep, and narrow sea inlet surrounded by tall cliffs, created by a glacier

峡湾, 冰川湾

峡湾, 冰川湾

Ex: The fjords created by the Harding Icefield in Alaska showcase unique features and diverse wildlife .由阿拉斯加哈丁冰原创造的**峡湾**展示了独特的特征和多样的野生动物。
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tsunami
[名词]

a very high wave or series of waves caused by an undersea earthquake or volcanic eruption

海啸

海啸

Ex: After the earthquake , the government issued an evacuation order due to the risk of a tsunami.地震发生后,政府因**海啸**风险发布了疏散令。
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cascade
[名词]

a small steep waterfall, usually one of several others

小瀑布

小瀑布

Ex: The guidebook highlighted a famous cascade as a must-see attraction .指南手册强调了一个著名的**小瀑布**作为必看的景点。
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