Cambridge IELTS 16 - Academic - Test 1 - Listening - Part 4

used to show that the following statement or discussion is about a specific topic, highlighting its importance and relevance

to mark clear boundaries or distinctions for a concept or area

a specific manner of considering something

to a full or complete degree

the trait of being careful and aware of potential risks

wisdom as evidenced by the possession of knowledge

a very strong feeling of wanting to do or have something

a formal promise to do something particular

a person who starts a business, especially one who takes financial risks

a member of the Constitutional Convention that drafted the United States Constitution in 1787

to fill someone with the desire or motivation to do something, especially something creative or positive

to stage a play, a show, etc. for an audience

the right to act or be governed without unfair or oppressive control, often referring to freedom from external authority or interference

to give a formal talk or presentation to teach someone or a group

containing plenty of things or people in a small space

a great victory, success, or achievement gained through struggle

to mention something or someone particularly in speech or writing

an ancient Greek philosophy that values virtue and encourages living in harmony with nature's divine Reason

(of a method, idea, or plan) likely to be successful or effective

pleasing and likely to arouse interest or desire

in a way that is extremely well or impressive

the right or opportunity to use something or benefit from it

a member of the ancient Greek school of philosophy founded by Zeno

a fundamental belief or guideline based on what is morally right that influences one's actions and decisions

firm in a way that cannot be destroyed or changed

a crucial factor in achieving or understanding something

a positive moral quality or admirable trait in a person

in a sequential manner, referring to actions or events occurring in a specific order

done with purpose

relating to a source outside a specific situation or context

famous and admired by many people

showing a great amount of eagerness

affording comfort or solace

a professional who studies and analyzes economic theories, trends, and data to provide insights into economic issues

an economic and political system in which industry, businesses, and properties belong to the private sector rather than the government

(of a person) having filled a specific status or position in an earlier period

to state or describe how two things or persons are similar

the head of government in parliamentary democracies, who is responsible for leading the government and making important decisions on policies and law-making

referring to the period or duration during which something happens, develops, or takes place

showing the intensity or greatness of something

a psychotherapy that targets negative thoughts and behaviors to address mental health issues

to provide medical care such as medicine or therapy to heal injuries, illnesses, or wounds and make someone better

to gain the power to make decisions in a situation

not based on reason or logic

not functioning correctly or failing to meet proper standards

a change in the normal condition of the body of a person, which is the sign of a disease

the ability to recover from difficult situations

the state of a person's cognitive processes

to succeed in solving, controlling, or dealing with something difficult

a problem that gets in the way of a process or makes it worse

an intangible difficulty or challenge that must be overcome

appropriate, important, or connected to the current time, situation, or context, often reflecting modern interests or concerns

the primary cause of something

large in quantity, extent, or degree

to learn to perform or use a skill or ability thoroughly and completely

a state of being widely known or recognized, usually because of notable achievements, talents, or actions

having devoted a lot of time and effort into learning necessary skills for a particular field or activity

behaving in a manner that shows one's high moral standards

to be understood and have a strong impact or relevance

the attraction and allure that makes one interesting

to build or establish something based on a specific principle, idea, or belief

very necessary for a particular purpose or situation