Cambridge IELTS 16 - Academic - Test 1 - Reading - Passage 3 (1)

the practice of giving professional advice within a particular field

all the individuals who work in a particular company, industry, country, etc.

a person's profession or job, typically the means by which they earn a living

to adjust oneself to fit into a new environment or situation

the use of machines and computers in a production process that was formerly operated by people

(of something abstract) given a physical form

interrupting or disturbing the normal flow or function of something

work, particularly difficult physical work

not having a material body

a set of rules used by digital systems to decide what content to show users based on their behavior and preferences

being determined by conditions or circumstances that follow

to take responsibility for something and start to do it

an official agreement between two or more sides that states what each of them has to do

to bring things together in one place

to do better than someone or something

to develop something using certain facts, ideas, situations, etc.

(economics) the measure of how much is produced per input or time, reflecting efficiency in creating goods or services

an improvement that makes something more agreeable

a result, particularly an unpleasant one

referring to mental processes involved in understanding, thinking, and remembering

the point or degree to which something extends

(often plural) the branch of electrical engineering concerned with the technology of electronic communication at a distance

(often plural) systems used in transmitting messages over a distance electronically

a person whose job is selling goods

to form a judgment on the quality, worth, nature, ability or importance of something, someone, or a situation

to characterize or determine the essential qualities or attributes of someone or something

a series of organized activities that are intended to achieve a particular goal

only thinking about immediate benefits and not considering future consequences

used to indicate the means or method by which something is achieved or brought about

available as an option for something else

a systematic consideration

the testing of an idea

an example of a certain kind of situation

to provide or supply something with the necessary material, resources, or energy to function

to give a written or spoken description of an event to someone

a hypothetical sequence of events or a plausible situation that could unfold

a goal that one wants to achieve

clear enough to be easily understood

a situation that is difficult because a choice must be made between two or more options that are equally important

high level of skill, knowledge, or proficiency in a particular field or subject matter

related to a particular occupation, profession, or job

a limit that defines distinctions or separations between particular elements, such as ideas, cultures, or rules

information collected about customers, competitors, and market trends that helps a business make better decisions and stay competitive

a person who manages relationships with clients, ensuring their needs are met and helping maintain business between the client and the company

(of something) to slowly and steadily spread or move, often in a way that is hard to notice at first