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Cambridge IELTS 16 - Academic - Test 1 - Reading - Passage 3 (2)

Learn vocabulary from the second part of Cambridge IELTS 16 Academic, Test 1 Reading Passage 3, with useful words and expressions from the text.

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Cambridge IELTS 16 - Academic
transition

a movement, development, or shift from one stage, subject, or place to another

Ex: The essay's transition between topics was seamless. 
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to pension

to remove someone from active work and provide them with regular payments for their support

Ex: The university pensioned several professors when their departments closed. 
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retirement

the period during someone's life when they stop working often due to reaching a certain age

Ex: She looks forward to traveling during her retirement. 
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to envisage

to imagine something in one's mind, often considering it as a possible future scenario

Ex: The architect envisaged a modern and sustainable design for the new building. 
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multistage

occurring in more than one stage

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retraining

training for a new occupation

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to found on

to be established or rooted in a specific idea, belief, or principle

Ex: The organization was accused of founding its policies on outdated principles. 
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fallacy
fallacy
[noun]

a false idea or belief based on invalid arguments, often one that many people think is true

Ex: The belief that all politicians are corrupt because a few have been involved in scandals is a fallacy, as it relies on a hasty generalization and ignores the many politicians who act with integrity. 
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apocalyptic
apocalyptic
[Adjective]

relating to the end of the world or catastrophic destruction

Ex: The apocalyptic novel depicted a world devastated by nuclear war. 
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misguided
misguided
[Adjective]

leading to wrong decisions or actions due to a lack of proper judgment or understanding

Ex: His misguided attempt to fix the problem only made it worse. 
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capital
capital
[noun]

money, property, or valuable human resources owned by a person or business

Ex: Her capital included real estate and savings. 
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job market

the general condition of how many jobs are available and how many people are looking for work in a certain area or type of work

Ex: The job market is very competitive right now. 
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advent
advent
[noun]

the arrival of a significant event, person, or thing that has been eagerly anticipated

Ex: The advent of the internet revolutionized how we communicate and access information. 
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robotics
robotics
[noun]

an area of technology that is concerned with the study or use of robots

Ex: Robotics has revolutionized manufacturing by automating assembly lines. 
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redundancy

a state of being no longer needed or useful, often due to the existence of a duplicate or replacement

Ex: The document was filled with redundancy, repeating the same points multiple times. 
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to tackle
to tackle
[Verb]

to try to deal with a difficult problem or situation in a determined manner

Ex: The team decided to tackle the project's complexity by breaking it into manageable tasks. 
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redeployment

the withdrawal and redistribution of forces in an attempt to use them more effectively

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to enforce

to make individuals to behave in a particular way

Ex: The company implemented new policies to enforce ethical behavior in the workplace. 
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to program

to make or arrange a plan for a series of events, activities, etc. for a specific purpose or audience

Ex: She programmed a week-long itinerary of sightseeing tours for her visiting relatives. 
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leisure
leisure
[noun]

a period of time when one is free from duties and can do fun activities or relax

Ex: Emily finds solace in gardening during her leisure hours, cultivating colorful flowers and fresh vegetables. 
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to preempt

to render a plan or action ineffective or unnecessary by doing something before it happens

Ex: The manager preempted the competitors by launching the product early. 
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bold
bold
[Adjective]

(of a manner) showing confidence and willingness to take risks, often without fear or hesitation

Ex: Her bold manner during the debate impressed everyone in the audience. 
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to guarantee

to make sure that something will occur

Ex: The meticulous planning guarantees that the event will run smoothly without any hitches. 
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thriving
thriving
[Adjective]

characterized by growth and success

Ex: The thriving business expanded its operations to new markets. 
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astounding
astounding
[Adjective]

extremely surprising or impressive

Ex: The magician's tricks were so astounding that the audience couldn't believe their eyes. 
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capacity
capacity
[noun]

the ability or power to achieve something or develop into a certain state in the future

Ex: With the right training, he has the capacity to become a world-class athlete. 
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subsistence

a source for getting basic necessities in order to survive

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corporate
corporate
[Adjective]

involving a large company

Ex: The corporate headquarters of the company are located in New York City. 
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mass production

large-scale, standardized manufacturing for efficient production of identical items

Ex: Mass production revolutionized the manufacturing of consumer goods, making them more affordable for the general population. 
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to pronounce

to officially declare or deliver a judgment, verdict, or decision

Ex: The judge pronounced a sentence of ten years in prison for the convicted felon. 
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revolution

a profound transformation in societal norms, beliefs, or systems

Ex: The digital revolution reshaped how people communicate and work. 
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to alter
to alter
[Verb]

to cause something to change

Ex: New technologies can greatly alter the way we live and communicate. 
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proportion

the harmonious or balanced relationship among the parts of something in size, amount, or degree

Ex: The architect ensured the rooms were in perfect proportion to each other. 
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labor force

the source of trained people from which workers can be hired

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sector
sector
[noun]

a specific part or branch of an economy, society, or activity with its own distinct characteristics and functions

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key
key
[Adjective]

essential and highly important to a particular process, situation, or outcome

Ex: The key factor in his success was his persistence and determination. 
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factor
factor
[noun]

one of the things that affects something or contributes to it

Ex: Poor weather conditions were a significant factor in the cancellation of the outdoor event. 
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resentful
resentful
[Adjective]

feeling anger because of perceived unfairness or wrongdoing

Ex: She was resentful towards her colleague who took credit for her ideas. 
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intrusion
intrusion
[noun]

entry into a place or situation without permission, invitation, or welcome

Ex: The reporter's intrusion into their private dinner was rude. 
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ought to
ought to
[Verb]

used to talk about what one expects or likes to happen

Ex: He ought to arrive soon; he said he would be here by noon. 
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profound
profound
[Adjective]

showing the intensity or greatness of something

Ex: The novel had a profound impact on readers, prompting deep reflection on the human condition. 
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to illustrate

to serve as a clear instance or representation of a broader concept or situation

Ex: Her dedication to charity work illustrates the importance of community involvement. 
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to deter
to deter
[Verb]

to discourage or prevent someone from doing something, usually by creating fear or doubt in their mind

Ex: Harsh penalties are deterring individuals from committing crimes. 
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innovation

a method, product, way of doing something, etc. that is newly introduced

Ex: Innovation drives progress in every industry. 
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promotion
promotion
[noun]

the activity of drawing public attention to a service or product in order to help it sell more

Ex: The store is running a promotion this weekend, offering discounts on selected items. 
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intuition
intuition
[noun]

the ability to understand or know something immediately, without conscious reasoning or evidence

Ex: She had an intuition that the plan would succeed. 
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reliance
reliance
[noun]

trust and confidence placed in someone or something

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nota bene
nota bene
[noun]

a Latin phrase (or its abbreviation) used to indicate that special attention should be paid to something

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appealing
appealing
[Adjective]

pleasing and likely to arouse interest or desire

Ex: Despite her simple attire, there was something undeniably appealing about her natural beauty. 
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parallel
parallel
[noun]

a resemblance or comparison between two things

Ex: The psychologist drew a parallel between dreams and subconscious desires. 
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conventional
conventional
[Adjective]

following established practices or standards that are widely accepted or commonly used

Ex: The government may continue to use conventional policies, though some are calling for radical change. 
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adequately
adequately
[Adverb]

to a degree that is enough or satisfactory for a particular purpose

Ex: The team was adequately prepared for the challenging competition. 
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trajectory

the path or direction of change or development that leads to a specific outcome or result

Ex: The company's growth trajectory showed steady improvement. 
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to seize
to seize
[Verb]

to take an opportunity or chance quickly and with determination.

Ex: She seized the chance to work abroad. 
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call to arms
call to arms
[phrase]

a strong request or demand for people to take action, especially to prepare for a challenge or fight

Ex: The leader issued a call to arms to defend the city. 
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course
course
[noun]

the way something changes or develops over time

Ex: The conversation took an interesting course after the announcement. 
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