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Vocabulaire Essentiel pour le GRE - La Maladie

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais sur la maladie, tels que "biopsie", "pansement", "pommade", etc., qui sont nécessaires pour l'examen GRE.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
to tranquilize

to make a person or animal calm or unconscious using drugs, like sedatives

administrer un sédatif à

administrer un sédatif à

Ex: The doctor decided to tranquillize the anxious patient to ensure a peaceful night. 

Le médecin a décidé de tranquilliser le patient anxieux pour assurer une nuit paisible.

anesthesia

the condition of losing one's sensation or awareness during surgery and other procedures, particularly by use of special drugs

anesthésie

anesthésie

Ex: Anesthesia was administered through an IV to prepare the patient for the procedure. 

Anesthésie a été administrée par voie intraveineuse pour préparer le patient à l'intervention.

biopsy
biopsy
[nom]

the process of removing and analyzing tissue from the body of a sick person to learn more about their condition

biopsie

biopsie

Ex: During the biopsy procedure, a small sample of tissue is removed for examination under a microscope. 
catheter

a flexible tube inserted into one's bladder, to drain and collect urine

cathéter

cathéter

Ex: A urinary catheter is often used in hospitalized patients who are unable to urinate normally. 

Un cathéter urinaire est souvent utilisé chez les patients hospitalisés qui ne peuvent pas uriner normalement.

chiropractor

someone who treats diseases or physical problems by pressing or manipulating joints in the body

chiropracteur, chiropractrice, chiropraticien, chiropraticienne

chiropracteur, chiropractrice, chiropraticien, chiropraticienne

Ex: After experiencing back pain for weeks, Sarah decided to visit a chiropractor for spinal adjustments and therapeutic exercises. 

Après avoir ressenti des douleurs dorsales pendant des semaines, Sarah a décidé de consulter un chiropracteur pour des ajustements vertébraux et des exercices thérapeutiques.

diagnosis

the identification of an illness, condition, or other problem by examining its signs, symptoms, or causes

diagnostic

diagnostic

Ex: Early diagnosis can make treatment more effective. 
to discharge

to officially allow a patient to leave a hospital or other medical facility

laisser sortir

laisser sortir

Ex: Doctors expect to discharge him tomorrow morning. 
to dress
to dress
[verbe]

to clean the wound properly and apply bandages in order to promote healing and to protect it from further harm

panser

panser

Ex: After the accident, the paramedic quickly dressed the cyclist's abrasions to prevent infection and reduce the risk of scarring. 
geriatric
geriatric
[Adjectif]

pertaining to the medical care or study of the elderly

gériatrique, gérontologique

gériatrique, gérontologique

Ex: She completed a geriatric rotation during her residency to gain experience with elderly patients. 

Elle a effectué un stage gériatrique pendant son internat pour acquérir de l'expérience avec les patients âgés.

to immunize

to protect an animal or a person from a disease by vaccination

immuniser

immuniser

Ex: Travelers are often advised to visit a clinic to immunize themselves against specific diseases prevalent in their destination. 

Il est souvent conseillé aux voyageurs de se rendre dans une clinique pour immuniser contre les maladies spécifiques prévalentes dans leur destination.

intravenous
intravenous
[Adjectif]

administered into or taking place in a vein

intraveineux

intraveineux

Ex: The doctor administered the medication through an intravenous drip. 

Le médecin a administré le médicament par un goutte-à-goutte intraveineux.

ointment

a substance, usually smooth and oily, rubbed on the skin for medical purposes

pommade, crème

pommade, crème

Ex: The pharmacist recommended a soothing ointment for the patient's dry and irritated skin. 

Le pharmacien a recommandé une pommade apaisante pour la peau sèche et irritée du patient.

outpatient

a patient who receives treatment in a hospital but does not remain there afterward

patient en consultation externe, patiente en consultation externe

patient en consultation externe, patiente en consultation externe

Ex: Outpatients often appreciate the convenience of receiving medical care without staying overnight in the hospital. 

Les patients externes apprécient souvent la commodité de recevoir des soins médicaux sans passer la nuit à l'hôpital.

over-the-counter

(of drugs and medicines) available for purchase without a physician's prescription

vendu sans ordonnance

vendu sans ordonnance

Ex: You can buy over-the-counter pain relievers at any pharmacy. 

Vous pouvez acheter des analgésiques en vente libre dans n'importe quelle pharmacie.

pharmaceutical
pharmaceutical
[Adjectif]

related to the production, use, or sale of medicines

pharmaceutique

pharmaceutique

Ex: Many countries have regulations to ensure the quality and safety of pharmaceutical products. 

De nombreux pays ont des réglementations pour garantir la qualité et la sécurité des produits pharmaceutiques.

restorative
restorative
[Adjectif]

able to promote or restore one's health or strength

reconstituant

reconstituant

Ex: The medicine had purely restorative effects in helping her recovery from illness by mitigating symptoms and regaining lost strength. 

Le médicament avait des effets restaurateurs purs en aidant à son rétablissement de la maladie en atténuant les symptômes et en retrouvant la force perdue.

recuperation

the gradual recovery through rest after sickness or injury

rétablissement

rétablissement

Ex: The doctor advised complete rest and a nutritious diet to aid in her recuperation from the severe bout of pneumonia. 

Le médecin a conseillé un repos complet et un régime nutritif pour aider à sa récupération après une grave pneumonie.

sanitarium

an establishment or facility that treats people who have a chronic illness

sanatorium

sanatorium

Ex: The sanitarium offered specialized care for patients with long-term illnesses. 

Le sanatorium offrait des soins spécialisés pour les patients atteints de maladies de longue durée.

to stitch
to stitch
[verbe]

to close a wound by sewing its edges together with medical thread

suturer, recoudre

suturer, recoudre

Ex: Her cut was cleaned and stitched at the hospital. 
to swab
to swab
[verbe]

to clean, apply medication to, or remove liquid from a wound using a swab

nettoyer avec un tampon

nettoyer avec un tampon

Ex: He asked the nurse to swab the injured area before bandaging it. 

Il a demandé à l'infirmière de tamponner la zone blessée avant de la bander.

tourniquet

a device, such as a bandage, piece of fabric, etc. that arrests bleeding by applying pressure to the wound

garrot, ligature

garrot, ligature

Ex: In emergencies, a tourniquet can be life-saving when used correctly. 

Dans les situations d'urgence, un tourniquet peut sauver des vies s'il est utilisé correctement.

hypodermic

a piston syringe with a long thin needle for injecting substances under the skin

seringue hypodermique

seringue hypodermique

Ex: She felt a slight sting as the hypodermic entered her arm. 

Elle ressentit une légère piqûre lorsque l'hypodermique pénétra dans son bras.

psychosis

a severe mental condition in which the patient loses contact with external reality

psychosis

psychosis

Ex: Individuals experiencing psychosis may hear voices or see things that are not present, making it difficult to distinguish between what is real and what is not. 

Les individus souffrant de psychose peuvent entendre des voix ou voir des choses qui ne sont pas présentes, ce qui rend difficile la distinction entre ce qui est réel et ce qui ne l'est pas.

psychotic
psychotic
[Adjectif]

(of a mental condition) affecting brain processes so severely that makes one unable to tell the difference between reality and fantasy

psychotique

psychotique

Ex: During his psychotic episode, he heard voices that weren't there. 

Pendant son épisode psychotique, il a entendu des voix qui n'étaient pas là.

neurosis

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

névrose

névrose

Ex: People with neurosis may experience excessive worry and stress over minor issues, affecting their overall quality of life. 

Les personnes souffrant de névrose peuvent éprouver une inquiétude et un stress excessifs face à des problèmes mineurs, affectant leur qualité de vie globale.

acupressure

an alternative therapy in which pressure is put on specific parts of the body with hands and fingers

digipuncture

digipuncture

Ex: The therapist used acupressure to alleviate the client's muscle tension. 

Le thérapeute a utilisé l'acupression pour soulager la tension musculaire du client.

acupuncture

a method of treatment in which thin needles are inserted in specific spots on the body, originated in China

acuponcture

acuponcture

Ex: Acupuncture has been practiced in China for thousands of years. 

L'acupuncture est pratiquée en Chine depuis des milliers d'années.

to amputate

to surgically remove a body part, such as a limb or organ, often due to injury, disease, or medical necessity

amputer

amputer

Ex: In severe cases of frostbite, doctors may need to amputate affected fingers or toes. 

Dans les cas graves de gelure, les médecins peuvent avoir besoin d'amputer les doigts ou les orteils affectés.

maladjusted
maladjusted
[Adjectif]

emotionally unstable and unable to cope with the requirements of a healthy social life

inadapté

inadapté

Ex: Maladjusted individuals often find it hard to adapt to new social situations. 

Les individus inadaptés ont souvent du mal à s'adapter aux nouvelles situations sociales.

mindfulness

a mental state achieved by maintaining a moment-by-moment awareness of one's thoughts, feelings, etc., used as a therapeutic technique

pleine conscience, pleine présence, présence attentive, pleine attention

pleine conscience, pleine présence, présence attentive, pleine attention

Ex: The workshop on mindfulness taught participants how to stay present in the moment. 

L'atelier sur la pleine conscience a appris aux participants à rester présents dans l'instant.

antidote

a substance that counteracts or controls the effects of a poison

antidote

antidote

Ex: In case of accidental poisoning, it's important to know the appropriate antidote to administer to the affected person. 

En cas d'empoisonnement accidentel, il est important de connaître l'antidote approprié à administrer à la personne affectée.

gynecology

the branch of medicine that is concerned with diseases that are specific to women, especially those that affect their reproductive organs

gynécologie

gynécologie

Ex: The medical student decided to pursue a career in gynecology to focus on women's health and contribute to advancements in the field. 

L'étudiant en médecine a décidé de poursuivre une carrière en gynécologie pour se concentrer sur la santé des femmes et contribuer aux progrès dans ce domaine.

rehab
rehab
[nom]

‌the process of helping someone who has a problem with drugs or alcohol to lead a normal life again

désintox, cure de désintox

désintox, cure de désintox

Ex: After the accident, he went to rehab to recover from his alcohol dependence. 

Après l'accident, il est allé en réadaptation pour se remettre de sa dépendance à l'alcool.

to infuse
to infuse
[verbe]

to slowly administer a drug or other substance through a needle or catheter into the bloodstream

infuser, faire infuser

infuser, faire infuser

Ex: It's important to infuse the pain medication at a controlled rate to minimize side effects and ensure patient comfort. 

Il est important d'infuser le médicament contre la douleur à un rythme contrôlé pour minimiser les effets secondaires et assurer le confort du patient.

pediatrics

the branch of medicine that is concerned with children and their conditions

pédiatrie

pédiatrie

Ex: When their child fell ill during their vacation, they were relieved to find a clinic with a focus on pediatrics nearby. 

Lorsque leur enfant est tombé malade pendant leurs vacances, ils ont été soulagés de trouver une clinique spécialisée en pédiatrie à proximité.

to quarantine

to isolate a person or animal for a specific period due to illness, suspicion of illness, or to prevent the potential spread of a disease

mettre en quarantaine, placer en quarantaine

mettre en quarantaine, placer en quarantaine

Ex: The veterinary clinic has a separate facility to quarantine sick animals and prevent the spread of infections. 

La clinique vétérinaire dispose d'une installation séparée pour mettre en quarantaine les animaux malades et empêcher la propagation des infections.

to revive
to revive
[verbe]

to make an unconscious person become conscious again

ranimer, réanimer

ranimer, réanimer

Ex: Sarah tried to revive the unconscious swimmer until help arrived. 
to soothe
to soothe
[verbe]

to reduce the severity of a pain

apaiser

apaiser

Ex: The mother gently rocked the crying baby to soothe her to sleep. 

La mère berçait doucement le bébé qui pleurait pour apaiser et l'endormir.

dosage
dosage
[nom]

a prescribed amount of medicine that is taken regularly

posologie, dosage

posologie, dosage

Ex: Always follow the prescribed dosage to ensure the medication's effectiveness. 

Suivez toujours la posologie prescrite pour garantir l'efficacité du médicament.

psychoanalysis

a method of therapy used for mental conditions which consists of the patient opening up about their past and feelings in order to find the reason for their illness

psychanalyse

psychanalyse

Ex: The therapist recommended psychoanalysis to help him understand his recurring dreams. 

Le thérapeute a recommandé la psychanalyse pour l'aider à comprendre ses rêves récurrents.

febrile
febrile
[Adjectif]

having the symptoms of a fever, such as high temperature, sweating, shivering, etc.

fébrile

fébrile

Ex: The patient’s febrile symptoms required immediate medical attention. 

Les symptômes fébriles du patient nécessitaient une attention médicale immédiate.

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