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Архитектура и Строительство - Части Здания

Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова, связанные с различными частями здания, такие как "гараж", "кладовая" и "альков".

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Words Related to Architecture and Construction
fabric
fabric
[существительное]

the physical framework or structural components of a building

структура

структура

Ex: The building's fabric was reinforced after the earthquake. 
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garage
garage
[существительное]

a building, usually next or attached to a house, in which cars or other vehicles are kept

гараж

гараж

Ex: They parked their car in the garage to protect it from the harsh winter weather. 
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wine cellar
wine cellar
[существительное]

a specialized storage space designed to store and age wine bottles under controlled temperature, humidity, and lighting conditions to preserve their quality and flavor over time

винный погреб, винный подвал

винный погреб, винный подвал

Ex: The old mansion had a vast wine cellar that had been in use for centuries. 
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cellar
cellar
[существительное]

an underground storage space or room, typically found in a building, used for storing food, wine, or other items that require a cool and dark environment

подвал

подвал

Ex: They use the cellar to store homemade preserves and pickles. 
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facade
facade
[существительное]

the front of a building, particularly one that is large and has an elegant appearance

фасад

фасад

Ex: The facade of the historic building was adorned with intricate carvings and ornate details, showcasing the craftsmanship of its era. 
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magazine
magazine
[существительное]

a storage compartment or building for ammunition, explosives, or weapons

погреб, склад боеприпасов

погреб, склад боеприпасов

Ex: The warship's magazine holds torpedoes and shells. 
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pantry
pantry
[существительное]

a cupboard or small room, often next to kitchen, used for keeping food in

кладовая

кладовая

Ex: She stocked the pantry with canned goods and dried pasta. 
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storage room
storage room
[существительное]

a designated space within a building used for storing various items or belongings in an organized manner, typically equipped with shelves, cabinets, or other storage solutions

кладовая, хранилище

кладовая, хранилище

Ex: The storage room is full of old boxes that haven’t been opened in years. 
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wall
wall
[существительное]

an upright structure, usually made of brick, concrete, or stone that is made to divide, protect, or surround a place

стена

стена

Ex: He noticed a spider crawling up the wall. 
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roof
roof
[существительное]

the structure that creates the outer top part of a vehicle, building, etc.

крыша

крыша

Ex: He placed solar panels on the roof to generate electricity. 
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ceiling
ceiling
[существительное]

the highest part of a room, vehicle, etc. that covers it from the inside

потолок

потолок

Ex: He stood on a ladder to change a lightbulb on the ceiling. 
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fixture
fixture
[существительное]

a piece of equipment such as a bath that is permanently affixed inside a house or building and people cannot take it out when they move out

приспособление

приспособление

Ex: The bathroom’s new sink is a fixture that won't be removed when we move. 
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frontage
frontage
[существительное]

the front exterior of a house, apartment, or another building that faces a street or river

фасад

фасад

Ex: The frontage of the mansion was adorned with large windows and ornate balconies. 
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gas meter
gas meter
[существительное]

a device used to measure and monitor the flow and consumption of natural gas or propane in residential, commercial, or industrial settings

газовый счетчик, измеритель расхода газа

газовый счетчик, измеритель расхода газа

Ex: The gas meter outside the house is read by the utility company every month to track our usage. 
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room
room
[существительное]

a space in a building with walls, a floor, and a ceiling where people do different activities

комната

комната

Ex: I have a big room with a window. 
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utility
utility
[существительное]

a service that is provided to the public, such as electricity, water, or gas, which is used in daily life

коммунальное хозяйство

коммунальное хозяйство

Ex: In winter, the utility costs rise because of the increased use of heating. 
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annex
annex
[существительное]

a building later added to a main building in order to provide more space

пристройка

пристройка

Ex: The school built an annex to accommodate the growing number of students. 
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chimney
chimney
[существительное]

a channel or passage that lets the smoke from a fire pass through and get out from the roof of a building

труба

труба

Ex: Smoke rose from the chimney on the cold winter morning. 
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cowl
cowl
[существительное]

a hood-like covering or structure, often with a conical or curved shape, used to cover or protect an opening or feature such as a chimney, ventilator, or roof

капюшон, колпак

капюшон, колпак

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fire screen
fire screen
[существительное]

a protective covering made of metal or glass that is placed in front of a fireplace to prevent sparks, embers, or debris from escaping while still allowing heat and light to pass through

экраном для камина, каминный экран

экраном для камина, каминный экран

Ex: She carefully adjusted the fire screen to keep the embers contained while the fire burned down. 
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mantelpiece
mantelpiece
[существительное]

a shelf that is made of wood or stone and is above a fireplace

каминная полка

каминная полка

Ex: The family portrait hung proudly above the mantelpiece, capturing cherished memories for generations to come. 
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inglenook
inglenook
[существительное]

a small and cozy corner or space, usually next to a fireplace, where people can sit and relax in a warm and comfortable environment

уголок у камина, уютный уголок

уголок у камина, уютный уголок

Ex: The family gathered in the inglenook by the fire, enjoying hot cocoa and stories. 
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floor
floor
[существительное]

the bottom of a room that we walk on

пол

пол

Ex: He swept the floor to remove the dust and dirt. 
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level
level
[существительное]

one of the many floors that are in a building

этаж

этаж

Ex: The children's department is on the third level of the library. 
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mezzanine
mezzanine
[существительное]

a floor situated between two other floors of a building, which is smaller compared to the two

полуэтаж

полуэтаж

Ex: The bookstore had a cozy reading area on the mezzanine, offering a quiet retreat for book lovers. 
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column
column
[существительное]

a vertical structural element, often made of stone, that supports the weight of the building above it

колонна

колонна

Ex: The ancient Greek temples are known for their majestic columns. 
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front
front
[существительное]

the front face of a large building, particularly a church

фасад

фасад

Ex: The intricate carvings on the front of the cathedral attract tourists from all over the world. 
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lobby
lobby
[существительное]

the area just inside the entrance of a public building such as a hotel, etc.

вестибюль

вестибюль

Ex: Guests gathered in the hotel lobby, waiting for the shuttle to the airport. 
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trash chute
trash chute
[существительное]

a vertical or inclined passage in a building that allows for the convenient disposal of waste materials by dropping them into a designated collection area or dumpster

мусоропровод, труба для мусора

мусоропровод, труба для мусора

Ex: The apartment building has a trash chute on every floor to make garbage disposal more convenient for residents. 
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alcove
alcove
[существительное]

a recessed part of a wall that is built further back from the rest of it

ниша

ниша

Ex: The library had a cozy alcove with built-in bookshelves, perfect for curling up with a good book. 
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vent
vent
[существительное]

an opening or passage that allows the movement of air, gases, or other substances, typically used for ventilation, release of heat or moisture, or to remove unwanted odors

вентиляционное отверстие

вентиляционное отверстие

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courtyard
courtyard
[существительное]

an area with no roof that is partially or completely surrounded by walls, often forming a part of a large building

Внутренний двор

Внутренний двор

Ex: The children played in the courtyard, enjoying the fresh air and sunshine. 
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whispering gallery
whispering gallery
[существительное]

a curved architectural space where sound waves can travel along the walls, allowing whispers to be heard clearly from one side to the other

галерея шёпота, зал шёпота

галерея шёпота, зал шёпота

Ex: The cathedral had a whispering gallery, where visitors could whisper on one side and hear the sound clearly on the other. 
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chimney pot
chimney pot
[существительное]

a short and wide pipe connected to the top of a chimney

Колпак дымоходный

Колпак дымоходный

Ex: The chimney pot on the roof helped direct smoke safely away from the house. 
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pace
pace
[существительное]

a courtyard or open area within a building complex

двор, патио

двор, патио

Ex: Children played in the central pace of the monastery. 
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suite
suite
[существительное]

a series of rooms, particularly in a hotel

люкс

люкс

Ex: The newlyweds stayed in a luxurious honeymoon suite with a stunning ocean view. 
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quadrangle
quadrangle
[существительное]

a four-sided courtyard or open space, often enclosed by buildings or walls, typically found in educational institutions, residential complexes, or historical landmarks

четырехугольник, квадратный двор

четырехугольник, квадратный двор

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stairway
stairway
[существительное]

a set of steps along with their surrounding structure that can lead one from one floor to another

лестница

лестница

Ex: The grand stairway in the mansion was made of marble. 
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dumbwaiter
dumbwaiter
[существительное]

a small elevator or lifting device used to transport items such as food, dishes, or laundry between different floors of a building, typically in a commercial or residential setting

подъёмник для посуды, служебный лифт

подъёмник для посуды, служебный лифт

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elevator
elevator
[существительное]

a box-like device that moves up and down and is used to get to the different levels of a building

лифт

лифт

Ex: I felt a bit nervous when the elevator suddenly stopped between floors. 
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escalator
escalator
[существительное]

a staircase that moves and takes people up or down different levels easily, often found in large buildings like airports, department stores, etc.

эскалатор

эскалатор

Ex: The weary travelers rode the escalator down to the baggage claim area after a long flight. 
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hearth
hearth
[существительное]

an open area at the base of a chimney used for building a fire

очаг, камин

очаг, камин

Ex: Logs crackled in the hearth, warming the room. 
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fireside
fireside
[существительное]

the area or space near a fire, particularly a fireplace, where people gather for warmth, relaxation, and socializing

камин, очаг

камин, очаг

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gallery
gallery
[существительное]

a long and narrow covered walkway or corridor with a series of arches or columns along one or both sides

галерея

галерея

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tube elevator
tube elevator
[существительное]

a vertical transportation system consisting of a cylindrical tube or shaft in which a cabin or platform travels, enabling efficient movement between different floors or levels within a building

трубчатый лифт, трубный элеватор

трубчатый лифт, трубный элеватор

Ex: Engineers installed the tube elevator as part of the building’s eco-friendly design, using minimal space while maximizing efficiency. 
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electrical system
electrical system
[существительное]

the network of components, wiring, and devices that enable the generation, distribution, and use of electrical power within a building or structure

электрическая система, электрическая сеть

электрическая система, электрическая сеть

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plumbing system
plumbing system
[существительное]

a network of pipes, fixtures, valves, and other components that work together to supply and distribute water, as well as remove waste and sewage, within a building or structure

сантехническая система, водопроводная сеть

сантехническая система, водопроводная сеть

Ex: The plumber inspected the plumbing system to ensure there were no leaks in the pipes. 
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soffit
soffit
[существительное]

the underside of an architectural element, such as a ceiling, arch, or overhanging roof, typically located on the underside of a structure

софит, нижняя часть архитектурного элемента

софит, нижняя часть архитектурного элемента

Ex: The soffit under the roofline was painted white to match the exterior walls. 
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story
story
[существительное]

a level or floor of a building, separated by a horizontal division, used to describe the building's height or structure

этаж

этаж

Ex: The new office building has ten stories, making it the tallest in the city. 
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the upstairs
the upstairs
[существительное]

an upper floor of a house, apartment, or any other building

верхний этаж

верхний этаж

Ex: The noise coming from the upstairs kept me awake all night. 
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the downstairs
the downstairs
[существительное]

a floor that is located on a lower level of a building, particularly at the ground level

нижний этаж

нижний этаж

Ex: The downstairs of the house is newly renovated. 
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interior
interior
[существительное]

the internal part of a building, car, etc.

внутренность, интерьер

внутренность, интерьер

Ex: The house’s interior features original woodwork and high ceilings. 
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exterior
exterior
[существительное]

the outer surface or outermost layer of an object, building, etc.

внешняя сторона

внешняя сторона

Ex: The mug’s glossy exterior was decorated with colorful patterns. 
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