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SAT Natural Sciences - Land and Water

Here you will learn some English words related to land and water, such as "terrain", "estuary", "gorge", etc. that you will need to ace your SATs.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
terrain
terrain
[noun]

an area of land, particularly in reference to its physical or natural features

Ex: The rugged terrain of the mountainous region posed a significant challenge for the hikers, requiring careful navigation and endurance. 
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playa
playa
[noun]

a flat-bottomed desert basin that periodically fills with water to form a temporary lake, but remains dry for most of the year

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pasture
pasture
[noun]

a field where animals eat grass

Ex: The cows are grazing in the green pasture. 
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foothill
foothill
[noun]

a low hill at the base of a mountain or mountain range

Ex: The village is nestled in the foothills of the Rockies. 
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crest
crest
[noun]

the highest point or summit, especially of a mountain or hill, where the incline culminates

Ex: After a challenging hike, we finally reached the crest of the mountain, where we were greeted with a breathtaking view. 
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boulder
boulder
[noun]

a large rock, usually one that has been shaped by natural forces such as water or ice

Ex: A massive boulder sat at the edge of the cliff, weathered by centuries of wind and rain. 
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ridge
ridge
[noun]

a long, narrow elevated strip of land or underwater feature that stands higher than its surroundings

Ex: The mountain ridge stretched across the horizon, providing breathtaking views of the valley below. 
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landslide
landslide
[noun]

a sudden fall of a large mass of dirt or rock down a mountainside or cliff

Ex: The heavy rains triggered a landslide that blocked the main road. 
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meadow
meadow
[noun]

a piece of land covered in grass and sometimes wild flowers, often used for hay

Ex: The children played in the meadow. 
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rainforest

‌a thick, tropical forest with tall trees and consistently heavy rainfall

Ex: He spent his vacation hiking through the beautiful rainforest. 
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landmark
landmark
[noun]

a structure or a place that is historically important

Ex: The Great Wall of China is a remarkable landmark that stretches across thousands of miles and has stood for centuries. 
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mound
mound
[noun]

a small, natural hill or raised area of earth, typically formed by natural processes

Ex: The playground had a small mound where kids loved to climb. 
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mudflat
mudflat
[noun]

a coastal wetland area that is covered by mud or silt at low tide and exposed at high tide

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berm
berm
[noun]

a flat strip or ledge of land, located along the side of a road, typically used for drainage or as a barrier

Ex: The cyclists rode along the berm to stay clear of traffic. 
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bluff
bluff
[noun]

a high, steep cliff or bank overlooking a body of water, often formed by erosion or geological processes

Ex: The ship sailed close to the bluff, towering above the sea. 
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bank
bank
[noun]

land along the sides of a river, canal, etc.

Ex: The children played on the sandy bank of the river, building sandcastles and skipping stones. 
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gorge
gorge
[noun]

a steep-sided valley, often with a stream running through it

Ex: The hikers explored a gorge carved by the river. 
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tundra
tundra
[noun]

the expansive flat Arctic regions, of North America, Asia, and Europe, in which no trees grow and the soil is always frozen

Ex: The Arctic tundra is characterized by its cold, treeless landscape and permafrost, making it a harsh environment for plant and animal life. 
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tract
tract
[noun]

a large area of land, often defined by boundaries, used for specific purposes such as development, agriculture, or conservation

Ex: Farmers cultivated crops on a vast tract of fertile soil. 
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overland
overland
[Adjective]

related to travel or transport over land, especially across long distances or difficult terrain

Ex: The explorers embarked on an overland journey through the rugged mountains. 
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to erode
to erode
[Verb]

to undergo gradual wearing away or reduction in size, typically as a result of natural forces or environmental factors

Ex: The cliffs along the coast eroded slowly as the waves crashed against them. 
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rapid
rapid
[noun]

a fast and turbulent part of a river with swift currents and obstacles like rocks

Ex: They navigated the river's rapids with skill and caution. 
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creek
creek
[noun]

a narrow, shallow watercourse, often flowing through a confined natural channel

Ex: The children played by the creek, skipping stones and exploring the banks. 
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tributary
tributary
[noun]

a watercourse that flows into a larger river or body of water

Ex: The Missouri River is a major waterway, with numerous tributaries joining its flow. 
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puddle
puddle
[noun]

a small pool of water or other liquid, particularly rainwater

Ex: After the rain, a large puddle formed at the end of the driveway, making it difficult to navigate. 
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eddy
eddy
[noun]

a circular current of water or air that moves against the main flow, creating a small whirlpool or whirl

Ex: The boat was briefly caught in an eddy near the river's bend. 
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current
current
[noun]

the flow or movement of water or a liquid in a specific direction

Ex: The ocean current carried the boat further out to sea than they had anticipated. 
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brook
brook
[noun]

a small, natural watercourse or stream; typically characterized by a gentle and continuous flow

Ex: They enjoyed a peaceful walk along the brook. 
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ripple
ripple
[noun]

a slight wave or series of waves on the water's surface caused by a breeze or a disturbance

Ex: The stone created a ripple as it skipped across the pond. 
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trickle
trickle
[noun]

a small, slow flow of liquid

Ex: A trickle of water seeped from the leaky faucet. 
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inlet
inlet
[noun]

a narrow body of water between islands or leading inland from a larger body of water, often serving as a passageway or channel

Ex: The boat navigated through the narrow inlet to reach the hidden bay. 
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swash
swash
[noun]

the gentle, rhythmic movement and sound of water as it washes up onto the shore or against objects

Ex: The beach was filled with the soothing swash of the waves. 
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runoff
runoff
[noun]

the excess liquid, typically water, that exceeds the capacity of an area to contain or absorb it

Ex: After heavy rain, the runoff from the hillsides flooded the streets below. 
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lagoon
lagoon
[noun]

a shallow body of water separated from a larger body of water, often by a barrier island, coral reef, or sandbar

Ex: The lagoons of the Maldives are known for their turquoise waters and vibrant coral reefs. 
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swamp
swamp
[noun]

an area of land that is covered with water or is always very wet

Ex: The swamp was teeming with diverse wildlife, from alligators to herons and turtles. 
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estuary
estuary
[noun]

the part of a river that is wide and where it meets the sea

Ex: The estuary teemed with marine life, providing a vital habitat for many species. 
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gully
gully
[noun]

a narrow channel or ravine formed by the erosion of soil, especially by running water during rainfall or storms

Ex: Heavy rains carved a deep gully through the soft earth of the hillside. 
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slough
slough
[noun]

a stagnant or slow-moving channel or inlet, often connected to a larger body of water, such as a marsh, swamp, or backwater

Ex: The wildlife refuge was teeming with birds nesting along the slough. 
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splatter
splatter
[noun]

the scattered droplets or particles of water or liquid that result from something being struck or dispersed forcefully

Ex: The sudden downpour created a splatter on the pavement, forming small puddles. 
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fjord
fjord
[noun]

a steep, deep, and narrow sea inlet surrounded by tall cliffs, created by a glacier

Ex: The Norwegian coast is renowned for its stunning fjords, with deep blue waters surrounded by towering cliffs. 
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tsunami
tsunami
[noun]

a very high wave or series of waves caused by an undersea earthquake or volcanic eruption

Ex: The devastating tsunami in 2004 wreaked havoc across coastal regions of Southeast Asia. 
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cascade
cascade
[noun]

a small steep waterfall, usually one of several others

Ex: The hikers stopped to admire the beautiful cascade in the forest. 
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