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Advanced Vocabulary for TOEFL - Time and Space

Here you will learn some English words about time and space, such as "wane", "dwarf", "nebula", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
biennial
[Adjective]

occurring once every two years

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a period of 12 months based on which a company, government or individual does financial reporting or budgeting

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epoch
[noun]

a period of time in history or someone's life, during which significant events happen

Ex: The Civil Rights Movement was an epoch of profound social change and progress in the United States .
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wormhole
[noun]

a hypothetical structure that connects regions of space-time that are far apart

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to wane
[Verb]

(of the moon) to gradually decrease in its visible illuminated surface as it progresses from full to new moon

Ex: The moon 's brightness started to wane just a few days after the full moon .
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to wax
[Verb]

(of the moon) to progressively display a larger illuminated section until it turns into a full moon

Ex: The moon waxes, reaching full brightness in about two weeks.
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to elapse
[Verb]

(of time) to pass by

Ex: The days elapsed slowly during the long winter months .
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twilight
[noun]

the time in the evening when the sun is below the horizon

Ex: Birds chirped softly as daylight faded into twilight, signaling the end of another day .
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the theory that adds the notion of time to that of a three-dimensional space

Ex: The study of space-time helps cosmologists understand the large-scale structure and evolution of the universe .
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a usually small meteor that burns with a bright light when entering the earth's atmosphere

Ex: The shooting star disappeared within seconds , leaving only a brief trail of light .
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dwarf
[noun]

a star that is relatively small in size or mass and is not very bright

Ex: Dwarf stars are often studied to understand stellar evolution and the life cycles of stars in the universe .
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Nebula
[noun]

a glowing cloud of gas and dust in outer space, often the result of a star explosion or formation

Ex: The beautiful colors of the Eagle Nebula were captured by the space telescope.
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meteoroid
[noun]

a small celestial body that becomes visible as a meteor upon entrance into the atmosphere of the earth

Ex: The study of meteoroids provides valuable insights into the composition and dynamics of our solar system , as well as the potential hazards they pose to spacecraft and Earth .
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the branch of physics that studies celestial objects and phenomena in the universe, such as stars, galaxies, and cosmic radiation

Ex: The groundbreaking discoveries in astrophysics have revolutionized our understanding of the cosmos and our place within it .
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a branch of biology that deals with the study of life in space

Ex: The search for biosignatures is a key focus of astrobiology, aiming to identify signs of life on distant planets and moons .
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the colored lights, mainly green and red, in the sky seen primarily near the northern magnetic pole

Ex: The aurora borealis has captivated people for centuries and continues to be a source of wonder and inspiration for astronomers , photographers , and travelers alike .
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the colored lights, mainly green and red, in the sky seen primarily near the southern magnetic pole

Ex: The aurora australis is a stunning phenomenon that has inspired artists, scientists, and adventurers throughout history, offering a glimpse of the Earth's connection to the wider cosmos.
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the time as measured at Greenwich, London, on the line of 0° longitude, used to calculate the time across the globe

Ex: Scientists use Greenwich Mean Time to standardize observations across different locations .
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the 100th anniversary of an event or occasion

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the 200th anniversary of an event or occasion

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perpetual
[Adjective]

continuing forever or indefinitely into the future

Ex: The company aims for perpetual growth and success .
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the calendar introduced by Pope Gregory XII in 1582, as a modification for the Julian Calendar, presently used in many parts of the world

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exoplanet
[noun]

a planet that is outside the solar system

Ex: Scientists use advanced telescopes and observatories to detect the faint signals of exoplanets orbiting distant stars .
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full moon
[noun]

the complete and round-shaped moon as seen from the earth

Ex: People gathered on the beach to watch the full moon rise above the horizon .
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crescent
[Adjective]

denoting the shape of the new moon

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eon
[noun]

an endless or lengthy period of time

Ex: They 've been friends for what seems like eons.
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zodiac
[noun]

(astronomy) the celestial zone in the sky where the sun, moon, and planets appear to move, traditionally divided into twelve equal segments, each associated with a distinct name and symbol

Ex: People born under the sign of Leo are said to possess strong leadership qualities , according to the zodiac.
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Advanced Vocabulary for TOEFL
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