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Advanced Vocabulary for TOEFL - Time and Space

Here you will learn some English words about time and space, such as "wane", "dwarf", "nebula", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
biennial
biennial
[Adjective]

occurring once every two years

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fiscal year

a period of 12 months based on which a company, government or individual does financial reporting or budgeting

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epoch
epoch
[noun]

a period of time in history or someone's life, during which significant events happen

Ex: The Renaissance was an epoch of great cultural and artistic achievements in Europe. 
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wormhole
wormhole
[noun]

a hypothetical structure that connects regions of space-time that are far apart

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to wane
to wane
[Verb]

(of the moon) to gradually decrease in its visible illuminated surface as it progresses from full to new moon

Ex: The moon began to wane after the full moon. 
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to wax
to wax
[Verb]

(of the moon) to progressively display a larger illuminated section until it turns into a full moon

Ex: As the month progressed, the moon began to wax, growing from a thin crescent to a full moon. 
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to elapse
to elapse
[Verb]

(of time) to pass by

Ex: Hours elapsed as they waited for the train to arrive. 
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twilight
twilight
[noun]

the time in the evening when the sun is below the horizon

Ex: The colors of the sky during twilight were breathtaking, blending shades of orange and purple. 
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space-time

the theory that adds the notion of time to that of a three-dimensional space

Ex: According to Einstein's theory of general relativity, gravity is not just a force between masses but the curvature of space-time caused by those masses. 
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shooting star

a usually small meteor that burns with a bright light when entering the earth's atmosphere

Ex: We saw a shooting star while camping in the mountains last night. 
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dwarf
dwarf
[noun]

a star that is relatively small in size or mass and is not very bright

Ex: Proxima Centauri is a red dwarf star located in the Alpha Centauri star system. 
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Nebula
Nebula
[noun]

a glowing cloud of gas and dust in outer space, often the result of a star explosion or formation

Ex: The Orion Nebula is a famous example of a stellar nursery. 
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meteoroid
meteoroid
[noun]

a small celestial body that becomes visible as a meteor upon entrance into the atmosphere of the earth

Ex: A meteoroid is a small rocky or metallic object in outer space that is significantly smaller than an asteroid and larger than a micrometeoroid. 
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astrophysics

the branch of physics that studies celestial objects and phenomena in the universe, such as stars, galaxies, and cosmic radiation

Ex: She decided to pursue a Ph.D. in astrophysics to study the formation and evolution of galaxies. 
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astrobiology

a branch of biology that deals with the study of life in space

Ex: Astrobiology explores the potential for life beyond Earth, studying environments where life could exist. 
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aurora borealis

the colored lights, mainly green and red, in the sky seen primarily near the northern magnetic pole

Ex: The aurora borealis, also known as the Northern Lights, is a natural light display that occurs in the high-latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere. 
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aurora australis

the colored lights, mainly green and red, in the sky seen primarily near the southern magnetic pole

Ex: The aurora australis, also known as the Southern Lights, is a natural light display that occurs in the high-latitude regions of the Southern Hemisphere. 
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Greenwich Mean Time

the time as measured at Greenwich, London, on the line of 0° longitude, used to calculate the time across the globe

Ex: The flight schedule was based on Greenwich Mean Time. 
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centennial

the 100th anniversary of an event or occasion

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bicentennial

the 200th anniversary of an event or occasion

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perpetual
perpetual
[Adjective]

continuing forever or indefinitely into the future

Ex: The lighthouse provides a perpetual light to guide ships at sea. 
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gregorian calendar

the calendar introduced by Pope Gregory XII in 1582, as a modification for the Julian Calendar, presently used in many parts of the world

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exoplanet
exoplanet
[noun]

a planet that is outside the solar system

Ex: Astronomers have discovered thousands of exoplanets orbiting stars beyond our solar system. 
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full moon
full moon
[noun]

the complete and round-shaped moon as seen from the earth

Ex: The couple decided to take a stroll in the park under the full moon, enjoying a romantic evening. 
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crescent
crescent
[Adjective]

denoting the shape of the new moon

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eon
eon
[noun]

an endless or lengthy period of time

Ex: It felt like an eon waiting for the train to arrive. 
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zodiac
zodiac
[noun]

(astronomy) the celestial zone in the sky where the sun, moon, and planets appear to move, traditionally divided into twelve equal segments, each associated with a distinct name and symbol

Ex: All twelve zodiac constellations can be seen within the zodiac belt. 
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