Advanced Vocabulary for TOEFL - Time and Space

Here you will learn some English words about time and space, such as "wane", "dwarf", "nebula", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

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Advanced Vocabulary for TOEFL

a period of 12 months based on which a company, government or individual does financial reporting or budgeting

epoch [noun]

a period of time in history or someone's life, during which significant events happen

Ex: The Industrial Revolution was an epoch that transformed economies and societies around the world .
wormhole [noun]

a hypothetical structure that connects regions of space-time that are far apart

to wane [verb]

(of the moon) to gradually decrease in its visible illuminated surface as it progresses from full to new moon

Ex: The light from the moon will wane until it 's barely visible .
to wax [verb]

(of the moon) to progressively display a larger illuminated section until it turns into a full moon

Ex:

(of time) to pass by

Ex: Years have elapsed since we last visited that place .
twilight [noun]

the time in the evening when the sun is below the horizon

Ex: Twilight is often considered a magical time when the world transitions from day to night .

the theory that adds the notion of time to that of a three-dimensional space

Ex: Black holes are regions of space-time where gravity is so intense that not even light can escape .

a usually small meteor that burns with a bright light when entering the earth's atmosphere

Ex: The meteor shower was so beautiful , with dozens of shooting stars .
dwarf [noun]

a star that is relatively small in size or mass and is not very bright

Ex: The discovery of a new dwarf galaxy orbiting the Milky Way provided insights into galactic evolution .
Nebula [noun]

a glowing cloud of gas and dust in outer space, often the result of a star explosion or formation

Ex:

a small celestial body that becomes visible as a meteor upon entrance into the atmosphere of the earth

Ex: When a meteoroid enters Earth 's atmosphere and vaporizes due to friction with the air , it creates a streak of light known as a meteor or shooting star .

the branch of physics that studies celestial objects and phenomena in the universe, such as stars, galaxies, and cosmic radiation

Ex: The astrophysics department at the university is renowned for its research on dark matter and dark energy .

a branch of biology that deals with the study of life in space

Ex: The discovery of extremophiles has expanded the scope of astrobiology , revealing life forms that can survive in extreme environments .

the colored lights, mainly green and red, in the sky seen primarily near the northern magnetic pole

Ex: The best places to witness the aurora borealis are in northern latitudes , such as Alaska , Canada , Scandinavia , and Iceland .

the colored lights, mainly green and red, in the sky seen primarily near the southern magnetic pole

Ex: The best places to witness the aurora australis are in Antarctica , southern Australia , New Zealand , and other southern high-latitude regions .

the time as measured at Greenwich, London, on the line of 0° longitude, used to calculate the time across the globe

Ex: All time zones are calculated relative to Greenwich Mean Time .

the 100th anniversary of an event or occasion

perpetual [adjective]

continuing forever or indefinitely into the future

Ex: The museum has a perpetual exhibition of historical artifacts .

the calendar introduced by Pope Gregory XII in 1582, as a modification for the Julian Calendar, presently used in many parts of the world

a planet that is outside the solar system

Ex: The Kepler Space Telescope has been instrumental in identifying distant exoplanets using the transit method .

the complete and round-shaped moon as seen from the earth

Ex: The full moon illuminated the night sky , casting a soft glow over the landscape .
crescent [adjective]

denoting the shape of the new moon

eon [noun]

an endless or lengthy period of time

Ex: It has been eons since I last saw him .
zodiac [noun]

(astronomy) the celestial zone in the sky where the sun, moon, and planets appear to move, traditionally divided into twelve equal segments, each associated with a distinct name and symbol

Ex: The zodiac is divided into twelve astrological signs , each representing different personality traits .