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Eating, Drinking, and Serving Food - Human Nutrition

Here you will learn some English words related to human nutrition such as "protein", "antioxidant", and "glycogen".

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Words Related to Eating, Drinking, and Serving
antioxidant

a substance, such as vitamin E, that helps clean the body of harmful substances

Ex: The blueberries were rich in antioxidants, which helped protect the body against free radicals. 
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phytochemical

a natural chemical compound produced by plants, often possessing health-promoting properties

Ex: Including phytochemicals in your diet through colorful fruits and vegetables is advisable for optimal health. 
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carbohydrate

a substance that consists of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon that provide heat and energy for the body, found in foods such as bread, pasta, fruits, etc.

Ex: She enjoys a balanced diet that includes whole grains rich in carbohydrates. 
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amino acid

any organic compound that creates the basic structure of proteins

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protein
protein
[noun]

a substance found in food such as meat, eggs, seeds, etc. which is an essential part of the diet and keeps the body strong and healthy

Ex: Chicken and fish are excellent sources of protein. 
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fatty acid

a type of acid that is found in nuts, fish, some fruits, etc.

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lipid
lipid
[noun]

any of a class of organic substances that do not dissolve in water that include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids

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nucleic acid

a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, responsible for carrying genetic information

Ex: Nucleic acid, like DNA, holds genetic instructions for living organisms. 
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fat
fat
[noun]

a substance taken from animals or plants and then processed so that it can be used in cooking

Ex: She used animal fat to fry the potatoes. 
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fiber
fiber
[noun]

a type of carbohydrate that cannot be broken down by the body and instead helps regulate bowel movements and maintain a healthy digestive system

Ex: Whole grains are a good source of fiber, which helps with digestion. 
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mineral
mineral
[noun]

a solid and natural substance that is not produced in the body of living beings but its intake is necessary to remain healthy

Ex: Calcium is a mineral that strengthens bones and teeth. 
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nutrition
nutrition
[noun]

the field of science that studies food and drink and their effects on the human body

Ex: Her passion for nutrition led her to pursue a career as a dietitian, helping others improve their health and well-being through proper nutrition. 
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essential
essential
[Adjective]

very necessary for a particular purpose or situation

Ex: Adequate nutrition is essential for overall health and well-being. 
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vitamin
vitamin
[noun]

natural substances that are found in food, which the body needs in small amounts to remain healthy, such as vitamin A, B, etc.

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water
water
[noun]

a liquid with no smell, taste, or color, that falls from the sky as rain, and is used for washing, cooking, drinking, etc.

Ex: I accidentally spilled water on my laptop, and now it won't turn on. 
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monosaccharide

a simple sugar molecule, the most basic form of carbohydrates that cannot be further hydrolyzed

Ex: The body metabolizes carbohydrates into monosaccharides for energy. 
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glucose
glucose
[noun]

a basic kind of sugar that is a component of carbohydrates and provides energy for many living organisms

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fructose
fructose
[noun]

a natural sugar found in fruits and honey, often used to sweeten foods and drinks

Ex: Fruits contain fructose, contributing to their natural sweetness. 
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galactose
galactose
[noun]

a sugar found in milk and some plants that helps make lactose

Ex: Galactose is a sugar in milk and certain plants. 
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polysaccharide

a complex carbohydrate composed of multiple sugar molecules linked together, commonly found in foods like starch and glycogen

Ex: Glycogen, found in the liver and muscles, is an animal-based polysaccharide. 
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starch
starch
[noun]

a white carbohydrate food substance that exists in flour, potatoes, rice, etc.

Ex: Rice is a good source of starch and pairs well with stir-fried vegetables. 
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triglyceride

a type of fat present in the blood and common in foods, consisting of three fatty acid molecules attached to a glycerol molecule

Ex: Monitoring triglyceride levels is important for maintaining heart health. 
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glycerol
glycerol
[noun]

a simple alcohol compound that is a component of triglycerides, commonly found in fats and oils

Ex: In the body, enzymes break down triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids. 
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disaccharide

a type of sugar composed of two simple sugar molecules, commonly found in foods such as sucrose, lactose, and maltose

Ex: The doctor explained the importance of understanding disaccharides for managing diabetes. 
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sucrose
sucrose
[noun]

a type of sugar, commonly known as table sugar, composed of glucose and fructose molecules linked together

Ex: Sarah prefers using sucrose as a sweetener in her coffee. 
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lactose
lactose
[noun]

a sugar found in milk, consisting of glucose and galactose molecules linked together

Ex: Lactose is a sugar found in milk and dairy products. 
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maltose
maltose
[noun]

a sugar formed by two glucose molecules linked together, commonly found in malted foods and used in brewing

Ex: The brewer uses maltose during the beer fermentation process. 
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glycogen
glycogen
[noun]

a complex carbohydrate that serves as a storage form of energy in the liver and muscles, made up of glucose molecules linked together

Ex: Glycogen is a complex carbohydrate stored in the liver and muscles. 
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saturated fatty acid

a type of fat molecule that contains no double bonds between carbon atoms and is typically solid at room temperature

Ex: He avoided consuming saturated fatty acids in his diet to maintain a healthy lifestyle. 
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unsaturated fatty acid

a type of fat that contains one or more double bonds in its chemical structure and is considered healthier for the body

Ex: He enjoys eating avocado, which is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, as a healthy source of fat in his diet. 
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omega-3
omega-3
[noun]

a group of fatty acids found in fish or other seafood, which is considered very good for the body

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omega-6
omega-6
[noun]

a good fat found in vegetable oils and seeds that our body needs for various functions

Ex: The nut mix is a good snack choice, providing omega-6 for heart health. 
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trans fatty acid

a type of unsaturated fat that is created when oil becomes solid after being chemically processed, a process such as the making of margarine

Ex: He read the food label carefully to avoid products containing trans fatty acids. 
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polyunsaturated fatty acid

a good kind of fat in certain oils and foods, with more than one healthy link in its structure

Ex: Health-conscious individuals often prioritize polyunsaturated fatty acids in their diets. 
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insoluble
insoluble
[Adjective]

unable to be dissolved, especially in a liquid

Ex: The sugar remained insoluble in the cold water. 
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soluble
soluble
[Adjective]

(of a substance) able to break up and disperse within a fluid

Ex: Sugar is highly soluble in water, dissolving readily when added to the liquid. 
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cellulose
cellulose
[noun]

a substance found in the cell walls of plants, providing structure and making up dietary fiber

Ex: Plants utilize cellulose as a structural component in their cell walls. 
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oligosaccharide

a type of carbohydrate consisting of a small number of sugar molecules joined together

Ex: The bakery offers a variety of bread with added oligosaccharides for digestive health. 
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enzyme
enzyme
[noun]

a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself

Ex: Enzymes play a crucial role in digestion, breaking down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body. 
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calcium
calcium
[noun]

a soft silver-white metal that is an important element in bones and teeth

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chlorine
chlorine
[noun]

a chemical element that is a bluish-white gas, used for disinfecting water, maintaining pool hygiene, and as an active sanitizing agent in household cleaners

Ex: Chlorine is commonly used to disinfect drinking water. 
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magnesium
magnesium
[noun]

a chemical element that is a shiny gray solid, crucial for muscle and nerve function, found in green leafy vegetables and nuts

Ex: Dark green leafy vegetables, nuts, and whole grains are rich sources of dietary magnesium. 
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phosphorus

a chemical element that is a vital component of DNA and bone structure, found in dairy products, meat, and nuts, playing a key role in cellular energy transfer

Ex: Eating meat regularly ensures an intake of phosphorus, vital for tissue repair. 
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potassium
potassium
[noun]

a chemical element that is crucial for fluid balance, nerve signals, and muscle contractions, commonly found in bananas, potatoes, and leafy greens

Ex: Bananas are a great source of potassium. 
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sodium
sodium
[noun]

a chemical element, vital for fluid balance and nerve impulses, commonly found in table salt and processed foods

Ex: Table salt, or sodium chloride, is a common source of sodium in the diet. 
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copper
copper
[noun]

a metallic chemical element that has a red-brown color, primarily used as a conductor in wiring

Ex: Copper is valued for its high electrical conductivity, which makes it ideal for wiring in electrical systems. 
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iodine
iodine
[noun]

a purple-black chemical element essential for thyroid hormone synthesis, crucial for metabolism and overall growth that can be found in the seawater

Ex: Table salt often contains iodine as a dietary supplement. 
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iron
iron
[noun]

a natural mineral found in the earth, food, and the body that helps make healthy blood

Ex: The doctor said she needs more iron in her diet. 
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manganese
manganese
[noun]

a mineral essential for human nutrition, playing a role in enzyme activation and bone formation

Ex: An important aspect of manganese's role is its contribution to the body's antioxidant defense system. 
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molybdenum

a silvery-gray metal that helps human being with breaking down proteins, alcohol, drugs, and toxins, also used for enhancing the high-strength steels

Ex: In regions with low molybdenum levels in soil, people may experience a state of deficiency impacting health. 
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zinc
zinc
[noun]

a bluish-white metal essential for immune function and wound healing, also widely used in covering steel and preventing it from rusting and corroding

Ex: Efficient wound healing is linked to the presence of zinc in the body. 
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vitamin D
vitamin D
[noun]

a fat-soluble vitamin crucial for human nutrition, essential for calcium absorption, bone health, and immune system support

Ex: Sarah enjoys outdoor activities to ensure her body produces sufficient vitamin D for bone health. 
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vitamin C
vitamin C
[noun]

a water-soluble vitamin essential for human nutrition, known for its antioxidant properties, supporting immune function, and collagen production

Ex: A diet rich in fruits and vegetables contributes to the feeling of overall well-being through adequate vitamin C intake. 
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vitamin A
vitamin A
[noun]

a fat-soluble vitamin essential for human nutrition, crucial for vision, immune function, and skin health

Ex: Improved night vision is associated with maintaining sufficient levels of vitamin A. 
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vitamin B1

a water-soluble vitamin essential for human nutrition, crucial for energy metabolism and nerve function

Ex: A diet with adequate levels of vitamin B1 contributes to overall well-being and vitality. 
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vitamin B2

a water-soluble vitamin essential for human nutrition, crucial for overall well-being and vitality

Ex: Supporting energy metabolism is linked to the presence of vitamin B2 in the body. 
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vitamin B12

a water-soluble vitamin crucial for human nutrition, essential for nerve function, DNA synthesis, and red blood cell formation

Ex: John's feeling of persistent fatigue and dizziness led him to discover he had a vitamin B12 deficiency. 
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vitamin E
vitamin E
[noun]

a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect human body cells from damage

Ex: I eat almonds for a dose of vitamin E. 
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vitamin K
vitamin K
[noun]

a fat-soluble vitamin essential for blood clotting and bone metabolism

Ex: Spinach is a good source of vitamin K. 
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albumin
albumin
[noun]

a protein in blood plasma that helps regulate fluid balance, maintain blood pressure, and transport various substances throughout the body

Ex: Albumin is a key protein in your blood. 
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ascorbic acid

a vitamin that helps keep the body cells healthy and supports the immune system, commonly found in fruits like orange and vegetables like tomatoes

Ex: Oranges contain a high amount of ascorbic acid, which is also known as vitamin C. 
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caffeine
caffeine
[noun]

a substance present in coffee or tea that makes one's brain more active

Ex: The caffeine in her morning coffee helped her focus at work. 
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emulsifier

a substance that helps mix and stabilize immiscible liquids, such as oil and water, to create a uniform and stable emulsion

Ex: The hair styling cream included an emulsifier to combine the water and styling agents. 
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folic acid

a vitamin that helps our bodies make DNA and divide cells, often found in supplements and enriched foods

Ex: Doctors may recommend folic acid for a healthy pregnancy. 
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gluten
gluten
[noun]

a mixture of proteins found in wheat and other cereal grains, responsible for the elastic texture of dough

Ex: Gluten plays a crucial role in the baking process, providing structure and elasticity to various baked goods. 
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niacin
niacin
[noun]

a water-soluble vitamin essential for various bodily functions, including energy metabolism and maintaining skin, digestive, and nervous system health

Ex: Chicken and fish are good sources of niacin. 
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sodium bicarbonate

a white soluble compound (NaHCO3) commonly known as baking soda, is used in cooking and serves as a remedy for stomach upset

Ex: Sodium bicarbonate is a common ingredient in some toothpaste. 
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tannin
tannin
[noun]

a natural compound in plants, like grapes and tea, that gives astringency to foods and drinks

Ex: Tea has tannin, which can make it taste a bit bitter. 
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vitamin B6

a nutrient that helps the brain, nerves, and immune system work properly

Ex: Vitamin B6 helps the body convert food into energy. 
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biotin
biotin
[noun]

a B-vitamin that helps the body convert food into energy and is important for healthy skin, hair, and nails

Ex: Biotin is often included in supplements for hair growth. 
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pantothenic acid

a B-vitamin that helps the body convert food into energy and is important for the synthesis of hormones and cholesterol

Ex: Pantothenic acid is essential for the production of coenzyme A, which helps metabolize fats and carbohydrates. 
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