pattern

Cambridge IELTS 18 - Akademiko - Pagsusulit 4 - Pagbasa - Talata 2 (1)

Matuto ng bokabularyo mula sa unang bahagi ng Cambridge IELTS 18 Academic, Test 4 Reading Passage 2, kasama ang mga kapaki-pakinabang na salita at expression mula sa teksto.

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Pagsusulit

Simulan ang pag-aaral
Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic
meanwhile
meanwhile
[pang-abay]

in a way that connects or contrasts two simultaneous actions, events, or conditions

samantala, habang

samantala, habang

Ex: The company was struggling with budget cuts; meanwhile, its competitors were investing heavily in innovative projects. 

Ang kumpanya ay nahihirapan sa mga pagbawas sa badyet; samantala, ang mga karibal nito ay namumuhunan nang malaki sa mga makabagong proyekto.

the former
the former
[Panghalip]

the first of two people, things, or groups previously mentioned

ang una, iyon

ang una, iyon

Ex: Between the two choices of cake or ice cream, the former is my favorite dessert. 

Sa pagitan ng dalawang pagpipilian ng cake o ice cream, ang una ang paborito kong dessert.

to take on
to take on
[Pandiwa]

to accept something as a challenge

tanggapin, harapin

tanggapin, harapin

Ex: She decided to take on the task of organizing the charity event. 

Nagpasya siyang tanggapin ang gawain ng pag-oorganisa ng charity event.

to infer
to infer
[Pandiwa]

to reach an opinion or decision based on available evidence and one's understanding of the matter

maghinuha, magpalagay

maghinuha, magpalagay

Ex: After observing the pattern of behavior, the detective could infer that the suspect was familiar with the victim. 

Pagkatapos obserbahan ang pattern ng pag-uugali, ang detective ay maaaring maghinuha na ang suspek ay pamilyar sa biktima.

to emphasize
to emphasize
[Pandiwa]

to give special attention or importance to something

bigyang-diin, pagtuunan ng pansin

bigyang-diin, pagtuunan ng pansin

Ex: Although the report covered many topics, the conclusion strongly emphasized the need for further research on climate change. 

Bagama't maraming paksa ang sakop ng ulat, malakas na binigyang-diin ng konklusyon ang pangangailangan para sa karagdagang pananaliksik sa pagbabago ng klima.

impediment
impediment
[Pangngalan]

anything that blocks or slows progress

hadlang, balakid

hadlang, balakid

Ex: The fallen tree was an impediment on the hiking trail, making it hard to continue. 

Ang natumbang puno ay isang hadlang sa hiking trail, na nagpapahirap sa pagpapatuloy.

to implement
to implement
[Pandiwa]

to apply or utilize a device, tool, or method for a specific purpose

magpatupad, gumamit

magpatupad, gumamit

Ex: The chef implements a new cooking technique to enhance the flavor of the dish. 

Ang chef ay nagpapatupad ng isang bagong cooking technique upang mapahusay ang lasa ng ulam.

to obsess
to obsess
[Pandiwa]

to think about something or someone all the time, in a way that makes one unable to think about other things

mag-obsess, maging obsessed sa

mag-obsess, maging obsessed sa

Ex: Ever since the breakup, she has been obsessing over what went wrong. 

Mula noong break-up, siya ay nahuhumaling sa kung ano ang naging mali.

constant
constant
[pang-uri]

happening continuously without stopping for a long time

patuloy, walang tigil

patuloy, walang tigil

Ex: The constant noise from the construction site made it difficult to concentrate. 

Ang patuloy na ingay mula sa construction site ay nagpahirap na mag-concentrate.

to analyze
to analyze
[Pandiwa]

to examine or study something in detail in order to explain or understand it

suriin, suriing mabuti

suriin, suriing mabuti

Ex: The scientist needed to analyze the data to draw meaningful conclusions from the experiment. 

Kailangan ng siyentipiko na suriin ang datos upang makabuo ng makabuluhang konklusyon mula sa eksperimento.

to rank
to rank
[Pandiwa]

to position someone or something on a scale based on importance, quality, etc.

i-ranggo, tayahin

i-ranggo, tayahin

Ex: The competition judges will rank the dancers based on their technique and performance. 

Iraranggo ng mga hurado ng kompetisyon ang mga mananayaw batay sa kanilang teknik at pagganap.

characteristic
characteristic
[Pangngalan]

a notable feature or quality that defines or describes something

katangian, tampok na katangian

katangian, tampok na katangian

Ex: Her kindness is a characteristic everyone notices. 

Ang kanyang kabaitan ay isang katangian na napapansin ng lahat.

dissonance
dissonance
[Pangngalan]

a state of disagreement between people's opinions, actions, or personalities, often resulting in tension

disonansya, hindi pagkakasundo

disonansya, hindi pagkakasundo

Ex: There was clear dissonance between the manager's words and his actions. 

May malinaw na disonansya sa pagitan ng mga salita ng manager at ng kanyang mga aksyon.

to applaud
to applaud
[Pandiwa]

to clap one's hands as a sign of approval

pumalakpak

pumalakpak

Ex: The entire auditorium seemed to applaud in unison after the breathtaking magic trick. 

Parang ang buong auditorium ay pumalakpak nang sabay-sabay pagkatapos ng nakakabilib na magic trick.

to hand out
to hand out
[Pandiwa]

to provide abstract or intangible things, such as punishments, compliments, judgments, advice, etc., to someone

ipamahagi, ipataw

ipamahagi, ipataw

Ex: The judge handed out a harsh punishment to the defendant for their involvement in the crime. 
target
target
[Pangngalan]

a goal that someone tries to achieve

target, layunin

target, layunin

Ex: She set a target to save a certain amount of money by the end of the year. 

Nagtakda siya ng target na mag-ipon ng isang tiyak na halaga ng pera sa katapusan ng taon.

aside from
aside from
[Preposisyon]

used to indicate exclusion of a particular thing or person

bukod sa, maliban sa

bukod sa, maliban sa

Ex: Aside from the rain, the weather was perfect for our outdoor event. 

Bukod sa ulan, perpekto ang panahon para sa aming outdoor na event.

implementation
implementation
[Pangngalan]

the act of accomplishing some aim or executing some order

pagpapatupad, implementasyon

pagpapatupad, implementasyon

Ex: Implementation of the safety program begins next month. 
harsh
harsh
[pang-uri]

cruel and unkind toward others

mabagsik, malupit

mabagsik, malupit

Ex: The teacher's harsh criticism demoralized the students. 

Ang masakit na puna ng guro ay nagpababa ng moral ng mga estudyante.

statistician
statistician
[Pangngalan]

a person who collects, analyzes, and interprets numerical data

estadistiko,  estadistika

estadistiko, estadistika

to claim
to claim
[Pandiwa]

to say that something is the case without providing proof for it

mag-claim, magpahayag

mag-claim, magpahayag

Ex: Right now, the marketing campaign is actively claiming the product to be the best in the market. 

Sa ngayon, aktibong inaangkin ng marketing campaign na ang produkto ang pinakamahusay sa merkado.

degree of freedom
degree of freedom
[Pangngalan]

(statistics) an unrestricted variable in a frequency distribution

antas ng kalayaan, hindi limitadong variable

antas ng kalayaan, hindi limitadong variable

Ex: The test has one degree of freedom for each independent comparison. 
data
data
[Pangngalan]

information or facts collected to be used for various purposes

data, impormasyon

data, impormasyon

Ex: The census collects demographic data to understand population trends. 

Ang census ay nangongolekta ng demograpikong data upang maunawaan ang mga trend ng populasyon.

just about
just about
[pang-abay]

to a very close amount or situation

halos, malapit na

halos, malapit na

Ex: The bakery is just about to launch a new line of gluten-free pastries. 

Ang bakery ay malapit nang maglunsad ng isang bagong linya ng gluten-free pastries.

growth
growth
[Pangngalan]

the process of physical, mental, or emotional development

pag-unlad, paglak

pag-unlad, paglak

Ex: The city's population growth necessitated the construction of new schools and infrastructure. 

Ang pag-unlad ng populasyon ng lungsod ay nangangailangan ng pagtatayo ng mga bagong paaralan at imprastraktura.

mindset
mindset
[Pangngalan]

a set of attitudes, beliefs, or a mental disposition that influences how a person interprets and responds to situations

pag-iisip, mentalidad

pag-iisip, mentalidad

Ex: Her growth mindset allows her to view failures as opportunities for learning and improvement. 

Ang kanyang mindset ng paglago ay nagpapahintulot sa kanya na tingnan ang mga kabiguan bilang mga oportunidad para sa pag-aaral at pagpapabuti.

to take root
to take root
[Pandiwa]

become settled or established and stable in one's residence or life style

mag-ugat, manirahan nang permanente

mag-ugat, manirahan nang permanente

intelligence
intelligence
[Pangngalan]

the ability to correctly utilize thought and reason, learn from experience, or to successfully adapt to the environment

katalinuhan

katalinuhan

Ex: Intelligence plays a key role in solving complex problems. 

Ang katalinuhan ay may mahalagang papel sa paglutas ng mga kumplikadong problema.

innate
innate
[pang-uri]

(of a quality or skill) gained from the moment that one was born

likas,  natural

likas, natural

to supplant
to supplant
[Pandiwa]

to replace something, especially by force or through competition

palitan, supalitin

palitan, supalitin

Ex: The new software aims to supplant the outdated system currently in use. 

Ang bagong software ay naglalayong palitan ang lipas na sistema na kasalukuyang ginagamit.

author
author
[Pangngalan]

someone who originates or causes or initiates something

may-akda, tagapaglikha

may-akda, tagapaglikha

cognitive
cognitive
[pang-uri]

referring to mental processes involved in understanding, thinking, and remembering

kognitibo, pang-isip

kognitibo, pang-isip

Ex: Cognitive therapy helps individuals recognize and change negative thought patterns. 

Ang cognitive therapy ay tumutulong sa mga indibidwal na makilala at baguhin ang mga negatibong pattern ng pag-iisip.

capability
capability
[Pangngalan]

the ability or potential of doing something or achieving a certain goal

kakayahan, abilidad

kakayahan, abilidad

Ex: The new software has the capability to process large amounts of data. 

Ang bagong software ay may kakayahan na iproseso ang malalaking halaga ng data.

to hold
to hold
[Pandiwa]

to have a specific opinion or belief about someone or something

hawakan, magkaroon

hawakan, magkaroon

Ex: My grandfather held traditional values when it came to family. 

Ang aking lolo ay may hawak ng mga tradisyonal na halaga pagdating sa pamilya.

view
view
[Pangngalan]

a personal belief or judgment that is not based on proof or certainty

opinyon,  pananaw

opinyon, pananaw

Ex: Students expressed their views on the topic. 

Ipinahayag ng mga estudyante ang kanilang mga pananaw sa paksa.

to quantify
to quantify
[Pandiwa]

to measure or express something as a number or amount

sukatin, tantiyahin

sukatin, tantiyahin

Ex: The accountant will quantify the company's expenses for the fiscal year. 

Sukatin ng accountant ang mga gastos ng kumpanya para sa fiscal year.

progressive
progressive
[pang-uri]

supporting and encouraging positive change and advancement

progresibo, maunlad

progresibo, maunlad

Ex: She is known for her progressive views, always advocating for positive change and innovation. 

Kilala siya sa kanyang progresibong pananaw, palaging nagtataguyod ng positibong pagbabago at inobasyon.

thinker
thinker
[Pangngalan]

a person with strong intellectual abilities, often working in a field that requires deep thought and knowledge

mangangatwiran, intelektuwal

mangangatwiran, intelektuwal

Ex: The renowned physicist is a prominent thinker in the field of quantum mechanics. 

Ang kilalang pisiko ay isang kilalang thinker sa larangan ng quantum mechanics.

notion
notion
[Pangngalan]

a general concept or belief

ideya, konsepto

ideya, konsepto

Ex: She had a notion that he was hiding something from her. 

May hinala siya na may itinatago ito sa kanya.

inherent
inherent
[pang-uri]

inseparable essential part or quality of someone or something that is in their nature

likas, panloob

likas, panloob

Ex: Trust is an inherent part of any successful relationship. 

Ang tiwala ay isang likas na bahagi ng anumang matagumpay na relasyon.

destiny
destiny
[Pangngalan]

the events or situations that are predetermined or inevitable for a person, often believed to be controlled by a higher power

tadhana, kapalaran

tadhana, kapalaran

Ex: She believed it was her destiny to become a great artist. 

Naniniwala siya na ito ang kanyang kapalaran na maging isang dakilang artista.

educator
educator
[Pangngalan]

someone whose job is to teach people

tagapagturo, guro

tagapagturo, guro

Ex: As an educator, she believes in fostering creativity and critical thinking in her students. 

Bilang isang guro, naniniwala siya sa pagpapalaganap ng pagkamalikhain at kritikal na pag-iisip sa kanyang mga estudyante.

to develop
to develop
[Pandiwa]

to change and become stronger or more advanced

paunlarin, umunlad

paunlarin, umunlad

Ex: The child's language skills will develop as they interact with others. 

Ang mga kasanayan sa wika ng bata ay uunlad habang nakikipag-ugnayan sila sa iba.

given
given
[Preposisyon]

used to indicate that something is provided or accepted as a basis for a particular situation or argument

dahil, isinasaalang-alang

dahil, isinasaalang-alang

Ex: The project's success is uncertain, given the limited resources available. 

Ang tagumpay ng proyekto ay hindi tiyak, ibinigay ang limitadong mga mapagkukunan na magagamit.

relatively
relatively
[pang-abay]

to a specific degree, particularly when compared to other similar things

medyo, ihambing

medyo, ihambing

Ex: The test was relatively easy compared to the last one. 

Ang pagsusulit ay medyo madali kumpara sa huli.

motivational
motivational
[pang-uri]

encouraging or inspiring action or behavior

pang-motibasyon, nakakapukaw ng damdamin

pang-motibasyon, nakakapukaw ng damdamin

Ex: The motivational speaker inspired the audience to pursue their dreams. 

Ang nagbibigay-inspirasyon na tagapagsalita ay nagbigay-inspirasyon sa madla na tahakin ang kanilang mga pangarap.

poster
poster
[Pangngalan]

a large printed picture or notice, typically used for advertising or decoration

poster, kartel

poster, kartel

Ex: The vibrant movie poster hanging in the theater lobby caught the attention of every passerby with its stunning visuals and bold colors. 

Ang makulay na poster ng pelikula na nakasabit sa lobby ng teatro ay nakakuha ng atensyon ng bawat dumadaan sa nakakamanghang mga visual at matapang na kulay.

sporting
sporting
[pang-uri]

relating to or used in sports

pang-sports, kaugnay sa sports

pang-sports, kaugnay sa sports

Ex: The city will host several major sporting events this summer. 
to coax
to coax
[Pandiwa]

to persuade someone to do something by being kind and gentle, especially when they may be unwilling

hikayatin, akitin

hikayatin, akitin

Ex: Parents often have to coax their children into eating vegetables by making it seem enjoyable or interesting. 

Kadalasan ay kailangang hikayatin ng mga magulang ang kanilang mga anak na kumain ng gulay sa pamamagitan ng paggawa nito na mukhang kasiya-siya o kawili-wili.

to see
to see
[Pandiwa]

to regard someone or something in a specific way

makita, itinuring

makita, itinuring

Ex: I see him as a reliable friend who I can always count on. 

Nakikita ko siya bilang isang maaasahang kaibigan na laging maaasahan.

indication
indication
[Pangngalan]

something that serves to show, suggest, or point to a fact, condition, or situation

pahiwatig, tanda

pahiwatig, tanda

Ex: The dark clouds are an indication of approaching rain. 
educationalist
educationalist
[Pangngalan]

a specialist in the theory of education

edukasyonista, dalubhasa sa teorya ng edukasyon

edukasyonista, dalubhasa sa teorya ng edukasyon

to note
to note
[Pandiwa]

to mention something to make it stand out

pansinin, banggitin

pansinin, banggitin

Ex: The article noted several key trends in the industry. 

Tinalakay ng artikulo ang ilang pangunahing trend sa industriya.

to base on
to base on
[Pandiwa]

to develop something using certain facts, ideas, situations, etc.

ibatay sa, nakabatay sa

ibatay sa, nakabatay sa

Ex: The success of the project was based upon the collaborative efforts of the entire team. 

Ang tagumpay ng proyekto ay ibatay sa mga collaborative na pagsisikap ng buong koponan.

effort
effort
[Pangngalan]

an attempt to do something, particularly something demanding

pagsisikap

pagsisikap

Ex: Despite her best effort, she couldn't solve the puzzle. 

Sa kabila ng kanyang pinakamahusay na pagsisikap, hindi niya malutas ang palaisipan.

to instill
to instill
[Pandiwa]

to gradually establish an idea, feeling, etc. in someone's mind

itanim, ipasok nang dahan-dahan

itanim, ipasok nang dahan-dahan

Ex: Parents aim to instill good manners in their children through consistent reminders and modeling polite behavior. 

Layunin ng mga magulang na itanim ang magandang asal sa kanilang mga anak sa pamamagitan ng palaging paalala at pagmomodelo ng magalang na pag-uugali.

subsequently
subsequently
[pang-abay]

as a result or logical outcome

pagkatapos, bilang resulta

pagkatapos, bilang resulta

Ex: The evidence was unreliable; subsequently, the case was dismissed. 

Ang ebidensya ay hindi maaasahan; bilang resulta, ang kaso ay dinepensahan.

to replicate
to replicate
[Pandiwa]

to conduct an experiment or test again, often under the same conditions, in order to verify or confirm the results

ulitin,  kopyahin

ulitin, kopyahin

Ex: The scientist replicated the experiment to ensure the results were accurate. 

Inulit ng siyentipiko ang eksperimento upang matiyak na tumpak ang mga resulta.

repeatedly
repeatedly
[pang-abay]

in a manner that occurs multiple times

paulit-ulit, nang paulit-ulit

paulit-ulit, nang paulit-ulit

Ex: She asked the question repeatedly. 

Paulit-ulit niyang tinanong ang tanong.

null
null
[pang-uri]

invalid or not legally recognized

walang bisa, hindi lehitimo

walang bisa, hindi lehitimo

Ex: The test results were null after the lab made a mistake in the procedure. 

Ang mga resulta ng pagsubok ay nawalang-bisa matapos magkamali ang laboratoryo sa pamamaraan.

to cope
to cope
[Pandiwa]

to handle a difficult situation and deal with it successfully

harapin, pangasiwaan

harapin, pangasiwaan

Ex: She copes with work pressure by prioritizing tasks and maintaining a positive mindset. 

Siya ay nakakaya ang pressure sa trabaho sa pamamagitan ng pag-prioritize ng mga gawain at pagpapanatili ng positibong mindset.

intervention
intervention
[Pangngalan]

an action, treatment, or manipulation that is introduced by researchers to test its effects on variables of interest

pamamagitan

pamamagitan

Ex: he intervention involved training teachers in classroom management techniques to reduce disruptive behavior in students. 

Ang interbensyon ay nagsangkot ng pagsasanay sa mga guro sa mga pamamaraan ng pamamahala ng silid-aralan upang mabawasan ang nakakagambalang pag-uugali sa mga mag-aaral.

study
study
[Pangngalan]

a detailed and careful consideration and examination

pag-aaral, pagsusuri

pag-aaral, pagsusuri

Ex: The professor encouraged his students to participate in the study, emphasizing the importance of hands-on experience. 

Hinikayat ng propesor ang kanyang mga mag-aaral na lumahok sa pag-aaral, binibigyang-diin ang kahalagahan ng hands-on na karanasan.

to deserve
to deserve
[Pandiwa]

to do a particular thing or have the qualities needed for being punished or rewarded

karapat-dapat, may karapatan sa

karapat-dapat, may karapatan sa

Ex: After completing the project ahead of schedule, she deserved the recognition and praise from her team. 

Pagkatapos makumpleto ang proyekto nang maaga, nararapat siyang kilalanin at purihin ng kanyang koponan.

landscape
landscape
[Pangngalan]

a broad or comprehensive mental perspective or view

pananaw, perspektiba

pananaw, perspektiba

Ex: The scholar had a wide landscape of philosophical ideas. 

Ang iskolar ay may malawak na tanawin ng mga pilosopikong ideya.

to revolt
to revolt
[Pandiwa]

to strongly reject or oppose something

mag-alsa, maghimagsik

mag-alsa, maghimagsik

Ex: The students revolted against the strict school rules. 

Ang mga estudyante ay nag-alsa laban sa mahigpit na mga patakaran ng paaralan.

to [be] lost on {sb}

to not be understood, noticed, or appreciated by someone, even though it was intended to be

Ex: The meaning of the poem was lost on many readers. 
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