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Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic - Test 4 - Reading - Passage 2 (1)

Here you can find the vocabulary from Test 4 - Reading - Passage 2 (1) in the Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic coursebook, to help you prepare for your IELTS exam.

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Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic
meanwhile
meanwhile
[Adverb]

in a way that connects or contrasts two simultaneous actions, events, or conditions

Ex: The company was struggling with budget cuts; meanwhile, its competitors were investing heavily in innovative projects. 
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the former
the former
[pronoun]

the first of two people, things, or groups previously mentioned

Ex: Between the doctor and the lawyer, I would trust the former more for medical advice. 
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to take on

to accept something as a challenge

Ex: She decided to take on the task of organizing the charity event. 
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to infer
to infer
[Verb]

to reach an opinion or decision based on available evidence and one's understanding of the matter

Ex: After observing the pattern of behavior, the detective could infer that the suspect was familiar with the victim. 
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to emphasize

to give special attention or importance to something

Ex: Throughout her campaign speech, the candidate emphasized her plans for improving education and healthcare if elected. 
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impediment

anything that blocks or slows progress

Ex: The fallen tree was an impediment on the hiking trail, making it hard to continue. 
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to implement

to apply or utilize a device, tool, or method for a specific purpose

Ex: The chef implements a new cooking technique to enhance the flavor of the dish. 
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to obsess
to obsess
[Verb]

to think about something or someone all the time, in a way that makes one unable to think about other things

Ex: Ever since the breakup, she has been obsessing over what went wrong. 
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constant
constant
[Adjective]

happening continuously without stopping for a long time

Ex: The constant noise from the construction site made it difficult to concentrate. 
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to analyze

to examine or study something in detail in order to explain or understand it

Ex: The scientist needed to analyze the data to draw meaningful conclusions from the experiment. 
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to rank
to rank
[Verb]

to position someone or something on a scale based on importance, quality, etc.

Ex: The competition judges will rank the dancers based on their technique and performance. 
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characteristic

a notable feature or quality that defines or describes something

Ex: Her kindness is a characteristic everyone notices. 
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dissonance

a state of disagreement between people's opinions, actions, or personalities, often resulting in tension

Ex: There was clear dissonance between the manager's words and his actions. 
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to applaud

to clap one's hands as a sign of approval

Ex: The attendees continued to applaud for several minutes to show their appreciation for the outstanding orchestra performance. 
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to hand out

to provide abstract or intangible things, such as punishments, compliments, judgments, advice, etc., to someone

Ex: The judge handed out a harsh punishment to the defendant for their involvement in the crime. 
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target
target
[noun]

a goal that someone tries to achieve

Ex: She set a target to save a certain amount of money by the end of the year. 
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aside from
aside from
[preposition]

used to indicate exclusion of a particular thing or person

Ex: Aside from the rain, the weather was perfect for our outdoor event. 
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implementation

the act of accomplishing some aim or executing some order

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harsh
harsh
[Adjective]

cruel and unkind toward others

Ex: The teacher's harsh criticism demoralized the students. 
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statistician

a person who collects, analyzes, and interprets numerical data

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to claim
to claim
[Verb]

to say that something is the case without providing proof for it

Ex: The controversial article regularly claims that a UFO sighting occurred last night. 
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degree of freedom

(statistics) an unrestricted variable in a frequency distribution

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data
data
[noun]

information or facts collected to be used for various purposes

Ex: The scientist analyzed the data collected from the experiment. 
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just about
just about
[Adverb]

to a very close amount or situation

Ex: The party was just about to start when the unexpected rain forced everyone inside. 
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growth
growth
[noun]

the process of physical, mental, or emotional development

Ex: The child's growth over the past year was remarkable; he had grown several inches taller. 
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mindset
mindset
[noun]

a set of attitudes, beliefs, or a mental disposition that influences how a person interprets and responds to situations

Ex: Her growth mindset allows her to view failures as opportunities for learning and improvement. 
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to take root

become settled or established and stable in one's residence or life style

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intelligence

the ability to correctly utilize thought and reason, learn from experience, or to successfully adapt to the environment

Ex: Intelligence plays a key role in solving complex problems. 
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innate
innate
[Adjective]

(of a quality or skill) gained from the moment that one was born

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to supplant

to replace something, especially by force or through competition

Ex: The new software aims to supplant the outdated system currently in use. 
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author
author
[noun]

someone who originates or causes or initiates something

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cognitive
cognitive
[Adjective]

referring to mental processes involved in understanding, thinking, and remembering

Ex: Cognitive therapy helps individuals recognize and change negative thought patterns. 
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capability

the ability or potential of doing something or achieving a certain goal

Ex: The new software has the capability to process large amounts of data. 
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to hold
to hold
[Verb]

to have a specific opinion or belief about someone or something

Ex: My grandfather held traditional values when it came to family. 
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view
view
[noun]

a personal belief or judgment that is not based on proof or certainty

Ex: It's my view that we should postpone the meeting. 
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to quantify

to measure or express something as a number or amount

Ex: The researchers will quantify the amount of rainfall in millimeters. 
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progressive
progressive
[Adjective]

supporting and encouraging positive change and advancement

Ex: She is known for her progressive views, always advocating for positive change and innovation. 
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thinker
thinker
[noun]

a person with strong intellectual abilities, often working in a field that requires deep thought and knowledge

Ex: The renowned physicist is a prominent thinker in the field of quantum mechanics. 
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notion
notion
[noun]

a general concept or belief

Ex: She had a notion that he was hiding something from her. 
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inherent
inherent
[Adjective]

inseparable essential part or quality of someone or something that is in their nature

Ex: Trust is an inherent part of any successful relationship. 
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destiny
destiny
[noun]

the events or situations that are predetermined or inevitable for a person, often believed to be controlled by a higher power

Ex: She believed it was her destiny to become a great artist. 
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educator
educator
[noun]

someone whose job is to teach people

Ex: As an educator, she believes in fostering creativity and critical thinking in her students. 
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to develop

to change and become stronger or more advanced

Ex: The small startup has the potential to develop into a leading technology company. 
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given
given
[preposition]

used to indicate that something is provided or accepted as a basis for a particular situation or argument

Ex: Given the weather conditions, it would be wise to bring an umbrella. 
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relatively
relatively
[Adverb]

to a specific degree, particularly when compared to other similar things

Ex: The test was relatively easy compared to the last one. 
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motivational
motivational
[Adjective]

encouraging or inspiring action or behavior

Ex: The motivational speaker inspired the audience to pursue their dreams. 
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poster
poster
[noun]

a large printed picture or notice, typically used for advertising or decoration

Ex: The vibrant movie poster hanging in the theater lobby caught the attention of every passerby with its stunning visuals and bold colors. 
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sporting
sporting
[Adjective]

relating to or used in sports

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to coax
to coax
[Verb]

to persuade someone to do something by being kind and gentle, especially when they may be unwilling

Ex: Parents often have to coax their children into eating vegetables by making it seem enjoyable or interesting. 
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to see
to see
[Verb]

to regard someone or something in a specific way

Ex: I see him as a reliable friend who I can always count on. 
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indication

something that serves to show, suggest, or point to a fact, condition, or situation

Ex: The dark clouds are an indication of approaching rain. 
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educationalist

a specialist in the theory of education

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to note
to note
[Verb]

to mention something to make it stand out

Ex: He noted the improvements in the project during the presentation. 
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to base on

to develop something using certain facts, ideas, situations, etc.

Ex: The report is based on extensive research in the field. 
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effort
effort
[noun]

an attempt to do something, particularly something demanding

Ex: Despite her best effort, she couldn't solve the puzzle. 
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to instill

to gradually establish an idea, feeling, etc. in someone's mind

Ex: Parents aim to instill good manners in their children through consistent reminders and modeling polite behavior. 
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subsequently
subsequently
[Adverb]

as a result or logical outcome

Ex: The evidence was unreliable; subsequently, the case was dismissed. 
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to replicate

to conduct an experiment or test again, often under the same conditions, in order to verify or confirm the results

Ex: The scientist replicated the experiment to ensure the results were accurate. 
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repeatedly
repeatedly
[Adverb]

in a manner that occurs multiple times

Ex: She asked the question repeatedly. 
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null
null
[Adjective]

invalid or not legally recognized

Ex: The contract became null after both parties failed to meet the deadline. 
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to cope
to cope
[Verb]

to handle a difficult situation and deal with it successfully

Ex: She copes with work pressure by prioritizing tasks and maintaining a positive mindset. 
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intervention

an action, treatment, or manipulation that is introduced by researchers to test its effects on variables of interest

Ex: The intervention consisted of a dietary change aimed at reducing saturated fat intake among participants. 
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study
study
[noun]

a detailed and careful consideration and examination

Ex: The research team conducted a thorough study to analyze the effects of climate change on local ecosystems. 
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to deserve

to do a particular thing or have the qualities needed for being punished or rewarded

Ex: After completing the project ahead of schedule, she deserved the recognition and praise from her team. 
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landscape
landscape
[noun]

a broad or comprehensive mental perspective or view

Ex: The scholar had a wide landscape of philosophical ideas. 
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to revolt
to revolt
[Verb]

to strongly reject or oppose something

Ex: The students revolted against the strict school rules. 
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to [be] lost on {sb}

to not be understood, noticed, or appreciated by someone, even though it was intended to be

Ex: The joke was lost on him, and he stayed serious. 
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