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Cambridge IELTS 18 - Akademiko - Pagsusulit 4 - Pagbasa - Talata 2 (2)

Learn vocabulary from the second part of Cambridge IELTS 18 Academic, Test 4 Reading Passage 2, with useful words and expressions from the text.

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Pagsusulit

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Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic
accordingly
accordingly
[pang-abay]

in a manner that is appropriate to the circumstances

alinsunod dito,  kaya naman

alinsunod dito, kaya naman

Ex: The report highlighted areas for improvement, and the team acted accordingly to address them. 
to misapply
to misapply
[Pandiwa]

apply to a wrong thing or person; apply badly or incorrectly

maling paggamit, hindi tamang paglalapat

maling paggamit, hindi tamang paglalapat

range
range
[Pangngalan]

a variety of things that are different but are of the same general type

saklaw,  iba't ibang uri

saklaw, iba't ibang uri

Ex: The company produces a range of products, from household appliances to personal care items. 

Ang kumpanya ay gumagawa ng isang saklaw ng mga produkto, mula sa mga gamit sa bahay hanggang sa mga item ng personal na pangangalaga.

to express
to express
[Pandiwa]

to show or make a thought, feeling, etc. known by looks, words, or actions

ipahayag, ipakita

ipahayag, ipakita

Ex: The dancer is expressing a story through graceful movements on stage. 

Ang mananayaw ay nagpapahayag ng isang kwento sa pamamagitan ng magagandang galaw sa entablado.

concern
concern
[Pangngalan]

a feeling of being uneasy, troubled, or worried about something such as problem, threat, uncertainty, etc.

pag-aalala,  pagkabahala

pag-aalala, pagkabahala

Ex: Her voice trembled with concern as she asked about his recent accident. 

Nanginginig ang kanyang boses sa pag-aalala habang siya ay nagtatanong tungkol sa kanyang kamakailang aksidente.

to misappropriate

appropriate (as property entrusted to one's care) fraudulently to one's own use

nakawin, gamitin nang walang pahintulot

nakawin, gamitin nang walang pahintulot

to conflate
to conflate
[Pandiwa]

to bring ideas, texts, things, etc. together and create something new

pagsamahin, paghalo

pagsamahin, paghalo

Ex: The writer decided to conflate elements from different myths to create a unique fantasy novel. 

Nagpasya ang manunulat na pagsamahin ang mga elemento mula sa iba't ibang mito upang lumikha ng isang natatanging pantasya nobela.

movement
movement
[Pangngalan]

a collective of individuals united by shared beliefs or ideology, working toward general social, political, or cultural goals

kilusan, pangkat

kilusan, pangkat

Ex: The movement influences public policy over time. 

Ang kilusan ay nakakaimpluwensya sa patakarang pampubliko sa paglipas ng panahon.

vehicle
vehicle
[Pangngalan]

a means or tool used to express or achieve something

sasakyan, kasangkapan

sasakyan, kasangkapan

Ex: The documentary served as a vehicle for raising awareness about climate change. 

Ang dokumentaryo ay nagsilbing sasakyan para sa pagpapataas ng kamalayan tungkol sa pagbabago ng klima.

to reflect
to reflect
[Pandiwa]

to show a particular quality, characteristic, or emotion

magpakita, ipahiwatig

magpakita, ipahiwatig

Ex: His speech reflected the concerns of the community. 

Ang kanyang talumpati ay nagpapakita ng mga alalahanin ng komunidad.

to deliver
to deliver
[Pandiwa]

to convey a speech, idea, etc. to an audience in a clear and effective manner

magbigay, ihatid

magbigay, ihatid

Ex: The keynote speaker delivered an inspiring address at the conference, motivating everyone in the audience. 

Ang keynote speaker ay nagbigay ng isang nakakainspirang talumpati sa kumperensya, na nagmotiba sa lahat ng nasa madla.

subtle
subtle
[pang-uri]

difficult to notice or detect because of its slight or delicate nature

banayad, delikado

banayad, delikado

Ex: The artist used subtle brushstrokes to create a sense of depth and movement in the painting. 

Ginamit ng artista ang banayad na mga brushstroke upang lumikha ng pakiramdam ng lalim at galaw sa pagpipinta.

to maximize
to maximize
[Pandiwa]

to increase something to the highest possible level

palakihin nang husto, i-optimize

palakihin nang husto, i-optimize

Ex: She always tries to maximize her productivity by planning her tasks efficiently. 

Lagi niyang sinusubukan na palakihin ang kanyang produktibidad sa pamamagitan ng mahusay na pagpaplano ng kanyang mga gawain.

effectiveness
effectiveness
[Pangngalan]

the quality of yielding the desired result

kabisaan, episyensya

kabisaan, episyensya

Ex: The effectiveness of the new marketing campaign was evident in the significant increase in sales. 

Ang pagiging epektibo ng bagong marketing campaign ay kitang-kita sa malaking pagtaas ng mga benta.

adolescent
adolescent
[Pangngalan]

a young person who is in the process of becoming an adult

binatilyo, kabataan

binatilyo, kabataan

Ex: The adolescent struggled to fit in with their peers. 

Ang tinedyer ay nahirapang makisama sa kanyang mga kapantay.

to perceive
to perceive
[Pandiwa]

to become aware or conscious of something

maramdaman, matanto

maramdaman, matanto

Ex: When she read the letter, she immediately perceived the urgency of the situation. 

Nang basahin niya ang liham, agad niyang napansin ang pagiging urgent ng sitwasyon.

to convey
to convey
[Pandiwa]

to communicate or portray a particular feeling, idea, impression, etc.

iparating, ipahayag

iparating, ipahayag

Ex: With practice, she hopes to learn to convey confidence as easily as she does other emotions. 

Sa pagsasanay, inaasahan niyang matutunan na iparating ang kumpiyansa nang kasing dali ng pagpapahayag niya ng iba pang emosyon.

to undo
to undo
[Pandiwa]

to make null or cancel the effects of something

ibalik, kanselahin

ibalik, kanselahin

Ex: Realizing the mistake, he quickly tried to undo the accidental deletion of the important file from his computer. 

Nang mapagtanto ang pagkakamali, mabilis niyang sinubukang ibalik ang aksidenteng pagbura ng mahalagang file mula sa kanyang computer.

intended
intended
[pang-uri]

planned, desired, or aimed for as a specific goal or objective

inaasahan, ninanais

inaasahan, ninanais

Ex: The intended outcome of the project was to increase efficiency and reduce costs for the company. 
to drive
to drive
[Pandiwa]

to be the influencing factor that causes something to make progress

magtulak, magmaneho

magtulak, magmaneho

Ex: Entrepreneurship and small businesses have been driving local economic development. 

Ang entrepreneurship at maliliit na negosyo ay nagdala ng lokal na pag-unlad ng ekonomiya.

correlation
correlation
[Pangngalan]

a mutual relationship between things, where one tends to influence the other

kaugnayan, relasyon

kaugnayan, relasyon

Ex: The correlation between screen time and attention span is still debated. 

Ang korelasyon sa pagitan ng oras sa screen at haba ng atensyon ay pinagdedebatehan pa rin.

perception
perception
[Pangngalan]

the image or idea that is formed based on how one understands something

pang-unawa, pananaw

pang-unawa, pananaw

Ex: Her perception of the artwork changed after learning about the artist's background. 

Nagbago ang kanyang persepsyon sa likhang sining matapos malaman ang background ng artista.

genuine
genuine
[pang-uri]

truly what something appears to be, without any falseness, imitation, or deception

tunay, totoo

tunay, totoo

Ex: The ring was confirmed to be genuine gold. 

Kinumpirma na ang singsing ay tunay na ginto.

to motivate
to motivate
[Pandiwa]

to make someone want to do something by giving them a reason or encouragement

magbigay ng motibasyon, pasiglahin

magbigay ng motibasyon, pasiglahin

Ex: The coach's pep talk was meant to motivate the team before the championship game. 

Ang pep talk ng coach ay inilaan upang mag-motivate sa koponan bago ang laro ng kampeonato.

vague
vague
[pang-uri]

not clear or specific, lacking in detail or precision

malabo, hindi tiyak

malabo, hindi tiyak

Ex: The instructions given were vague, leaving room for interpretation. 

Ang mga tagubiling ibinigay ay malabo, na nag-iiwan ng puwang para sa interpretasyon.

proponent
proponent
[Pangngalan]

a supporter who usually speaks publicly in favor of a theory, idea, or plan

tagapagtaguyod, tagapagtanggol

tagapagtaguyod, tagapagtanggol

viable
viable
[pang-uri]

having the ability to be executed or done successfully

maisasagawa, magagawa

maisasagawa, magagawa

Ex: The new strategy proposed by the marketing team seems viable for increasing sales. 

Ang bagong estratehiya na iminungkahi ng marketing team ay tila magagawa para sa pagtaas ng mga benta.

construct
construct
[Pangngalan]

an abstract idea or concept formed by generalizing from particular instances

pagbuo, konsepto

pagbuo, konsepto

Ex: The notion of justice is a social construct. 

Ang konsepto ng katarungan ay isang panlipunang konstrukto.

laboratory
laboratory
[Pangngalan]

a region resembling a laboratory inasmuch as it offers opportunities for observation and practice and experimentation

laboratoryo, eksperimental na pagawaan

laboratoryo, eksperimental na pagawaan

to administer
to administer
[Pandiwa]

to allocate, assign, or dispense something

pamahalaan, ipamahagi

pamahalaan, ipamahagi

Ex: The court administered justice by delivering a fair verdict. 

Ang hukuman ay nag-administer ng katarungan sa pamamagitan ng paghahatid ng patas na hatol.

targeted
targeted
[pang-uri]

focused or directed toward a specific goal, objective, or audience

itinarget, nakatuon

itinarget, nakatuon

Ex: The company launched a targeted advertising campaign to reach potential customers in specific demographics. 

Ang kumpanya ay naglunsad ng isang targeted advertising campaign upang maabot ang mga potensyal na customer sa partikular na demographics.

to dispute
to dispute
[Pandiwa]

to doubt a fact or to call its truth into question

makipagtalo, pagdudahan

makipagtalo, pagdudahan

Ex: He disputed the accuracy of the witness's testimony, claiming it was unreliable. 

Tinutulan niya ang katumpakan ng patotoo ng saksi, na sinasabing hindi ito maaasahan.

faith
faith
[Pangngalan]

complete confidence in a person or plan etc

pananampalataya, tiwala

pananampalataya, tiwala

capacity
capacity
[Pangngalan]

the ability or power to achieve something or develop into a certain state in the future

kakayahan, potensyal

kakayahan, potensyal

Ex: With the right training, he has the capacity to become a world-class athlete. 

Sa tamang pagsasanay, may kakayahan siyang maging isang world-class na atleta.

attribute
attribute
[Pangngalan]

a distinguishing quality that is considered a key part of someone or something's nature

katangian, kalidad

katangian, kalidad

Ex: Patience is an important attribute of a good teacher. 

Ang pasensya ay isang mahalagang katangian ng isang mabuting guro.

paradoxically
paradoxically
[pang-abay]

in a way that seems opposite to what one would expect

paradoxically, sa paraang kabaligtaran ng inaasahan

paradoxically, sa paraang kabaligtaran ng inaasahan

Ex: The artist's abstract paintings, paradoxically, conveyed a profound sense of order and chaos simultaneously. 

Ang mga abstract na painting ng artista, paradoxically, ay naghatid ng isang malalim na pakiramdam ng kaayusan at kaguluhan nang sabay.

to serve
to serve
[Pandiwa]

to be of use or help in fulfilling or accomplishing something

maglingkod, maging kapaki-pakinabang

maglingkod, maging kapaki-pakinabang

Ex: The meeting served its purpose by addressing all the issues on the agenda. 

Ang pulong ay nagsilbi sa layunin nito sa pamamagitan ng pagtugon sa lahat ng isyu sa agenda.

talk
talk
[Pangngalan]

a lecture or speech given to an audience on a specific subject

talumpati, panayam

talumpati, panayam

Ex: His talk included a Q&A session at the end. 

Ang kanyang talumpati ay may kasamang Q&A session sa dulo.

waste of time
waste of time
[Pangngalan]

an activity or situation that does not produce any benefit or value, and instead consumes time and resources that could be better utilized elsewhere

pag-aaksaya ng oras

pag-aaksaya ng oras

Ex: He realized that arguing over the small details was a waste of time. 

Napagtanto niya na ang pagtatalo sa maliliit na detalye ay pag-aaksaya ng oras.

essay
essay
[Pangngalan]

a piece of writing that briefly analyzes or discusses a specific subject

sanaysay

sanaysay

Ex: She wrote an essay about climate change for her biology class. 

Sumulat siya ng sanaysay tungkol sa pagbabago ng klima para sa kanyang klase sa biyolohiya.

indeed
indeed
[pang-abay]

used to emphasize or confirm a statement

talaga, totoo

talaga, totoo

Ex: She did indeed finish the project ahead of schedule. 

Talaga niyang natapos ang proyekto nang maaga sa iskedyul.

perhaps
perhaps
[pang-abay]

used to express possibility or likelihood of something

marahil, siguro

marahil, siguro

Ex: He is late, perhaps he missed the bus. 

Huli na siya, marahil hindi niya nasakyan ang bus.

to shift
to shift
[Pandiwa]

(of a policy, point of view, or situation) to become something different

magbago, lumipat

magbago, lumipat

Ex: Over the years, public opinion on the issue of climate change has gradually shifted. 

Sa paglipas ng mga taon, unti-unting nagbago ang opinyon ng publiko sa isyu ng pagbabago ng klima.

to turn away
to turn away
[Pandiwa]

to move away from one's area of interest or original path

lumayo, umikot

lumayo, umikot

Ex: The artist decided to turn away from abstract painting and explore realism in his latest collection. 

Nagpasya ang artista na lumayo sa abstract painting at tuklasin ang realism sa kanyang pinakabagong koleksyon.

potential
potential
[Pangngalan]

the inherent capability or ability to develop, achieve, or succeed in the future

potensyal, kakayahan

potensyal, kakayahan

Ex: The land’s potential for development attracted investors. 

Ang potensyal ng lupa para sa pag-unlad ay nakakuha ng mga investor.

to tend
to tend
[Pandiwa]

to be likely to develop or occur in a certain way because that is the usual pattern

may tendensya, karaniwan

may tendensya, karaniwan

Ex: Some plants tend to thrive in direct sunlight, while others prefer shade. 

Ang ilang mga halaman ay may tendensya na umunlad sa direktang sikat ng araw, habang ang iba ay mas gusto ang lilim.

competitive
competitive
[pang-uri]

having a strong desire to win or succeed

kompetitibo, ambisyoso

kompetitibo, ambisyoso

Ex: The competitive athlete trained tirelessly to improve their performance and surpass their opponents. 

Ang kompetitibong atleta ay walang pagod na nagsanay upang mapabuti ang kanilang pagganap at malampasan ang kanilang mga kalaban.

generally
generally
[pang-abay]

in a way that is true in most cases

karaniwan, sa pangkalahatan

karaniwan, sa pangkalahatan

Ex: The weather is generally mild in spring. 

Ang panahon ay karaniwang banayad sa tagsibol.

encouragement
encouragement
[Pangngalan]

something that is told or given to someone in order to give them hope or provide support

pag-asa, suporta

pag-asa, suporta

Ex: The teacher's encouragement motivated the students to do their best. 

Ang pag-encourage ng guro ang nag-udyok sa mga estudyante na gawin ang kanilang makakaya.

to push
to push
[Pandiwa]

to encourage or influence someone, or oneself, to work harder

itulak, hikayatin

itulak, hikayatin

Ex: Don't push yourself too hard, or you'll burn out. 

Huwag mong itulak ang iyong sarili nang sobra, o baka maubos ka.

nota bene
nota bene
[Pangngalan]

a Latin phrase (or its abbreviation) used to indicate that special attention should be paid to something

nota bene, pansinin mo

nota bene, pansinin mo

methodology
methodology
[Pangngalan]

a series of methods by which a certain subject is studied or a particular activity is done

pamamaraan

pamamaraan

Ex: The researcher described the methodology used to gather data for the study. 

Inilarawan ng mananaliksik ang metodolohiya na ginamit upang mangalap ng datos para sa pag-aaral.

to interpret
to interpret
[Pandiwa]

to understand or assign meaning to something

bigyang-kahulugan, unawain

bigyang-kahulugan, unawain

Ex: Psychologists interpret dreams to gain insights into a person's subconscious thoughts. 

Binibigyang-kahulugan ng mga psychologist ang mga panaginip upang makakuha ng mga pananaw sa mga subconscious na pag-iisip ng isang tao.

to promote
to promote
[Pandiwa]

to help or support the progress or development of something

itaguyod, suportahan

itaguyod, suportahan

Ex: The government launched a campaign to promote environmental conservation and sustainability. 

Inilunsad ng gobyerno ang isang kampanya upang itaguyod ang pangangalaga sa kapaligiran at pagpapanatili.

aware
aware
[pang-uri]

having an understanding or perception of something, often through careful thought or sensitivity

may kamalayan, alam

may kamalayan, alam

Ex: She became aware of the time when she heard the clock chiming. 

Naging aware siya sa oras nang marinig niya ang pagtunog ng orasan.

to boost
to boost
[Pandiwa]

to increase or enhance the amount, level, or intensity of something

dagdagan, pataasin

dagdagan, pataasin

Ex: Drinking a cup of coffee in the morning can boost your energy levels. 

Ang pag-inom ng isang tasa ng kape sa umaga ay maaaring magpataas ng iyong mga antas ng enerhiya.

morale
morale
[Pangngalan]

one's personal level of confidence, enthusiasm, and emotional well-being, especially in the context of facing challenges or adversity

moral

moral

Ex: Despite facing setbacks, Sarah's high morale propelled her to persist in her endeavors with determination and optimism. 

Sa kabila ng pagharap sa mga kabiguan, ang mataas na moral ni Sarah ang nagtulak sa kanya na magpatuloy sa kanyang mga pagsisikap nang may determinasyon at optimismo.

admirable
admirable
[pang-uri]

deserving of praise and respect due to excellent standards and positive attributes

kahanga-hanga

kahanga-hanga

Ex: His admirable honesty and integrity made him a trusted leader in the company. 

Ang kanyang kahanga-hanga na katapatan at integridad ay nagpasa sa kanya bilang isang pinagkakatiwalaang lider sa kumpanya.

driver
driver
[Pangngalan]

a factor, force, or influence that initiates or causes a particular action, process, or change

salik, nag-uudyok

salik, nag-uudyok

Ex: Economic growth is often seen as a key driver of job creation. 

Ang paglago ng ekonomiya ay madalas na nakikita bilang isang pangunahing driver ng paglikha ng trabaho.

deliberate
deliberate
[pang-uri]

done on purpose

sinadya, kusa

sinadya, kusa

Ex: Her deliberate actions showed careful consideration of the consequences. 

Ang kanyang sinadya na mga aksyon ay nagpakita ng maingat na pagsasaalang-alang sa mga kahihinatnan.

to strive
to strive
[Pandiwa]

to try as hard as possible to achieve a goal

magsumikap, magpupunyagi

magsumikap, magpupunyagi

Ex: Students strive to achieve their career goals through continuous learning. 

Ang mga estudyante ay nagsisikap na makamit ang kanilang mga layunin sa karera sa pamamagitan ng patuloy na pag-aaral.

credit
credit
[Pangngalan]

formal approval, acknowledgment, or commendation

pagkilala, pagpupuri

pagkilala, pagpupuri

Ex: She received credit for her innovative idea. 

Nakatanggap siya ng pagkilala para sa kanyang makabagong ideya.

to respond
to respond
[Pandiwa]

to show improvement or favorable reactions in response to a specific action or intervention

tumugon, mag-react

tumugon, mag-react

Ex: The patient responded well to the medication, with symptoms gradually diminishing. 

Ang pasyente ay tumugon nang maayos sa gamot, na may mga sintomas na unti-unting bumababa.

to adapt
to adapt
[Pandiwa]

to change something in a way that suits a new purpose or situation better

umangkop, baguhin

umangkop, baguhin

Ex: The company had to adapt its marketing strategy to reach a global audience. 

Ang kumpanya ay kailangang i-adapt ang estratehiya nito sa marketing upang maabot ang isang pandaigdigang madla.

elixir
elixir
[Pangngalan]

something that is believed to be a perfect solution to a problem, often in an unrealistic or overly hopeful way

elixir, panlunas

elixir, panlunas

Ex: There is no single elixir for solving all education problems. 

Walang iisang elixir para sa paglutas ng lahat ng mga problema sa edukasyon.

deluded
deluded
[pang-uri]

believing something that is not true, often because of being misled or refusing to accept reality

nalinlang, nagkakamali

nalinlang, nagkakamali

Ex: His deluded view of the situation made it worse. 

Ang kanyang naliligaw na pananaw sa sitwasyon ay nagpalala nito.

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