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Listahan ng mga Salita sa Antas C1 - Pananaliksik Pang-akademiko

Dito matututunan mo ang ilang mga salitang Ingles tungkol sa pananaliksik na iskolar, tulad ng "empirical", "correlate", "qualitative", atbp., na inihanda para sa mga mag-aaral ng C1.

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Simulan ang pag-aaral
CEFR C1 Vocabulary
detectable
detectable
[pang-uri]

able to be noticed or discovered

matutukoy, napapansin

matutukoy, napapansin

Ex: The slight fragrance of roses was barely detectable in the air. 

Ang bahagyang halimuyak ng mga rosas ay bahagya lamang natutukoy sa hangin.

empirical
empirical
[pang-uri]

based on observation, experience, or experiment rather than primarily on theory

empirikal,  batay sa karanasan

empirikal, batay sa karanasan

Ex: The researchers found strong empirical support for the theory. 
experimental
experimental
[pang-uri]

relating to or involving scientific experiments, especially those designed to test hypotheses or explore new ideas

eksperimental

eksperimental

Ex: The experimental study investigated the effects of meditation on stress levels. 

Ang eksperimental na pag-aaral ay siniyasat ang mga epekto ng pagmumuni-muni sa mga antas ng stress.

preliminary
preliminary
[pang-uri]

occurring or done before a main event or activity, especially as preparation for it

preliminaryo,  paunang

preliminaryo, paunang

Ex: The police released a preliminary report on the accident. 
qualitative
qualitative
[pang-uri]

related to or involving quality of something, not numbers or amounts

kalitatibo, may kinalaman sa kalidad

kalitatibo, may kinalaman sa kalidad

Ex: The qualitative analysis of the artwork focused on its emotional impact rather than its monetary value. 

Ang kalitatibong pagsusuri ng likhang-sining ay nakatuon sa emosyonal na epekto nito kaysa sa halaga nito sa pera.

quantitative
quantitative
[pang-uri]

related to or involving numbers or amounts, not quality

pampamantayan, numerikal

pampamantayan, numerikal

Ex: The study used quantitative data to analyze the correlation between income and happiness. 

Gumamit ang pag-aaral ng quantitative na datos upang suriin ang ugnayan sa pagitan ng kita at kaligayahan.

scholarly
scholarly
[pang-uri]

related to or involving serious academic study

akademiko, pantas

akademiko, pantas

Ex: The scholarly article thoroughly examines the historical context of the Renaissance period. 

Ang akademikong artikulo ay masusing sinuri ang makasaysayang konteksto ng panahon ng Renaissance.

theoretical
theoretical
[pang-uri]

relating to or based on theory or logical reasoning rather than practical experience or application

teoretikal, hindi kongkreto

teoretikal, hindi kongkreto

Ex: Urban planners relied heavily on theoretical models of traffic flow without real-world validation. 

Labis na umasa ang mga urban planner sa mga teoretikal na modelo ng daloy ng trapiko nang walang pagpapatunay sa totoong mundo.

to correlate
to correlate
[Pandiwa]

to be closely connected or have mutual effects

magkaugnay, magkaroon ng koneksyon

magkaugnay, magkaroon ng koneksyon

Ex: The increase in exercise tends to correlate with improvements in overall health and well-being. 

Ang pagtaas ng ehersisyo ay may posibilidad na magkaugnay sa mga pagpapabuti sa pangkalahatang kalusugan at kagalingan.

to disprove
to disprove
[Pandiwa]

to show that something is false or incorrect

pabulaanan, patunayang mali

pabulaanan, patunayang mali

Ex: The scientist conducted experiments to disprove the theory. 

Ang siyentipiko ay nagsagawa ng mga eksperimento upang pabulaanan ang teorya.

to self-report

to freely provide information about oneself, often related to personal experiences, behaviors, etc.

sariling-ulat, mag-ulat ng sarili

sariling-ulat, mag-ulat ng sarili

Ex: Drivers involved in a minor accident may need to self-report the incident to their insurance company. 

Ang mga drayber na kasangkot sa isang menor na aksidente ay maaaring kailanganin na mag-ulat sa sarili ng insidente sa kanilang kumpanya ng seguro.

to verify
to verify
[Pandiwa]

to examine the truth or accuracy of something

patunayan, tiyakin

patunayan, tiyakin

Ex: The manager asked the team to verify the client's payment status before processing the order. 

Hiniling ng manager sa koponan na beripikahin ang status ng pagbabayad ng kliyente bago iproseso ang order.

apparatus
apparatus
[Pangngalan]

tools or machines that are designed for a specific purpose

aparato, kagamitan

aparato, kagamitan

Ex: The laboratory apparatus included microscopes, test tubes, and beakers. 

Ang apparatus ng laboratoryo ay may kasamang mga mikroskopyo, test tube, at beaker.

carbon dating
carbon dating
[Pangngalan]

a method used for measuring how old an organic material is by calculating the amount of carbon they contain

petsa ng carbon, petsa ng carbon 14

petsa ng carbon, petsa ng carbon 14

Ex: Carbon dating revealed that the ancient artifact was over 5,000 years old. 

Ipinakita ng carbon dating na ang sinaunang artifact ay higit sa 5,000 taong gulang.

clinical trial
clinical trial
[Pangngalan]

a controlled scientific experiment in which the effectiveness and safety of a medical treatment is measured by testing it on people

klinikal na pagsubok, pag-aaral na klinikal

klinikal na pagsubok, pag-aaral na klinikal

Ex: The new drug is currently undergoing a clinical trial to assess its safety and efficacy. 

Ang bagong gamot ay kasalukuyang sumasailalim sa isang clinical trial upang masuri ang kaligtasan at bisa nito.

control
control
[Pangngalan]

someone or something that is used as a standard of comparison in a scientific experiment to evaluate the results

kontrol, pamantayan sa paghahambing

kontrol, pamantayan sa paghahambing

Ex: Researchers used water samples from uncontaminated areas as controls in the environmental study. 
guinea pig
guinea pig
[Pangngalan]

someone on whom scientific experiments are tested

eksperimentong tao, taong pinagsusubukan

eksperimentong tao, taong pinagsusubukan

Ex: The volunteers knew they were guinea pigs, but they signed up willingly. 
pseudoscience
pseudoscience
[Pangngalan]

a set of practices or beliefs that are claimed to be scientific when in reality they have no scientific basis

pseudoscience, hindi tunay na agham

pseudoscience, hindi tunay na agham

Ex: Astrology is often regarded as pseudoscience because its claims are not supported by empirical evidence. 

Ang astrolohiya ay madalas na itinuturing na pseudoscience dahil ang mga claim nito ay hindi sinusuportahan ng empirical na ebidensya.

subject
subject
[Pangngalan]

someone or something on which a study or experiment is performed

paksa, kalahok

paksa, kalahok

Ex: Subjects were asked to complete a questionnaire about their dietary habits and lifestyle. 
treatise
treatise
[Pangngalan]

a long and formal piece of writing about a specific subject

treatise, disertasyon

treatise, disertasyon

Ex: Isaac Newton's "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" is a famous treatise on physics. 

Ang "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" ni Isaac Newton ay isang tanyag na treatise tungkol sa pisika.

abstract
abstract
[Pangngalan]

a brief summary of the main content of a document, article, speech, or other work

abstrak,  lagom

abstrak, lagom

Ex: Please submit a 250-word abstract with your conference proposal. 
thesis
thesis
[Pangngalan]

the main idea, opinion, or theory that someone presents and supports with arguments

tesis,  pangunahing tesis

tesis, pangunahing tesis

Ex: The author develops his thesis throughout the book. 
literature
literature
[Pangngalan]

writings or books on a specific subject

panitikan, akda

panitikan, akda

Ex: The professor assigned readings from the literature on economic theories for the seminar. 
citation
citation
[Pangngalan]

a line or sentence taken from a book or speech

sipi, sanggunian

sipi, sanggunian

Ex: In academic writing, it is essential to provide proper citations for all sources used. 

Sa akademikong pagsulat, mahalaga na magbigay ng tamang sipi para sa lahat ng ginamit na pinagmulan.

limitation
limitation
[Pangngalan]

a condition, rule, or weakness that restricts what someone or something can do

limitasyon,  paghihigpit

limitasyon, paghihigpit

Ex: The small battery is a major limitation of the device. 
methodology
methodology
[Pangngalan]

a series of methods by which a certain subject is studied or a particular activity is done

pamamaraan

pamamaraan

Ex: The researcher described the methodology used to gather data for the study. 
randomization
randomization
[Pangngalan]

an arrangement done in an intentionally random manner to yield unbiased results

randomisasyon, pamamahagi ng sapalarang

randomisasyon, pamamahagi ng sapalarang

Ex: Randomization is used in clinical trials to assign participants to different treatment groups. 

Ang randomization ay ginagamit sa mga clinical trial upang italaga ang mga kalahok sa iba't ibang grupo ng paggamot.

parameter
parameter
[Pangngalan]

a limit, rule, or condition that defines what is allowed or possible

parametro,  hangganan

parametro, hangganan

Ex: The researchers worked within the parameters of the study. 
peer review
peer review
[Pangngalan]

an assessment made of a scientific or academic research by people who are engaged in the same subject area

pagsusuri ng kapantay, evaluasyon ng kapantay

pagsusuri ng kapantay, evaluasyon ng kapantay

Ex: The manuscript underwent rigorous peer review before being accepted for publication in the journal. 

Ang manuskrito ay sumailalim sa mahigpit na peer review bago tanggapin para sa publikasyon sa journal.

dissemination
dissemination
[Pangngalan]

the action of spreading information or news

pagkalat, pamamahagi

pagkalat, pamamahagi

Ex: Universities play a crucial role in the dissemination of knowledge through research publications and academic journals. 

Ang mga unibersidad ay may mahalagang papel sa pagpapalaganap ng kaalaman sa pamamagitan ng mga publikasyon sa pananaliksik at akademikong journal.

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