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C1 Level Wordlist - Scholarly Research

Here you will learn some English words about scholarly research, such as "empirical", "correlate", "qualitative", etc. prepared for C1 learners.

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CEFR C1 Vocabulary
detectable
[Adjective]

able to be noticed or discovered

Ex: There was a detectable shift in her tone , indicating she was upset .
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empirical
[Adjective]

based upon observations or experiments instead of theories or ideas

Ex: The decision was based on empirical observations rather than speculation or opinion .
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experimental
[Adjective]

relating to or involving scientific experiments, especially those designed to test hypotheses or explore new ideas

Ex: The experimental aircraft is equipped with advanced technology for testing aerodynamic principles .
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preliminary
[Adjective]

occurring before a more important thing, particularly as an act of introduction

Ex: The preliminary design of the building will be refined before construction begins .
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qualitative
[Adjective]

related to or involving quality of something, not numbers or amounts

Ex: The qualitative evaluation of teaching effectiveness considers factors like student engagement and critical thinking skills .
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quantitative
[Adjective]

related to or involving numbers or amounts, not quality

Ex: The company 's performance was assessed using quantitative metrics such as revenue growth and market share .
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scholarly
[Adjective]

related to or involving serious academic study

Ex: Writing a scholarly paper requires meticulous attention to detail and adherence to academic conventions.
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theoretical
[Adjective]

relating to or based on theory or logical reasoning rather than practical experience or application

Ex: Theoretical physics explores the fundamental laws governing the universe .
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to be closely connected or have mutual effects

Ex: Employee satisfaction surveys aim to identify factors that correlate with higher workplace morale .
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to show that something is false or incorrect

Ex: The lawyer attempted to disprove the witness 's testimony .
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to freely provide information about oneself, often related to personal experiences, behaviors, etc.

Ex: Patients may be asked to self-report their symptoms during a medical consultation.
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to verify
[Verb]

to examine the truth or accuracy of something

Ex: Jane had to verify her identity with a photo ID at the bank .
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apparatus
[noun]

tools or machines that are designed for a specific purpose

Ex: The gymnastics competition required athletes to perform routines on various apparatus such as the balance beam and parallel bars .
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a method used for measuring how old an organic material is by calculating the amount of carbon they contain

Ex: The team applied carbon dating to the wooden structure to verify its period of construction .
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a controlled scientific experiment in which the effectiveness and safety of a medical treatment is measured by testing it on people

Ex: The clinical trial showed promising outcomes , with a significant improvement in patient recovery rates .
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control
[noun]

someone or something that is used as a standard of comparison in a scientific experiment to evaluate the results

Ex: Researchers used water samples from uncontaminated areas as controls in the environmental study .
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someone on whom scientific experiments are tested

Ex: The restaurant decided to make its customers guinea pigs by offering a new experimental menu item .
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a set of practices or beliefs that are claimed to be scientific when in reality they have no scientific basis

Ex: The magazine published an article debunking various pseudosciences and their misleading claims .
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subject
[noun]

someone or something on which a study or experiment is performed

Ex: Subjects were asked to complete a questionnaire about their dietary habits and lifestyle .
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treatise
[noun]

a long and formal piece of writing about a specific subject

Ex: The medical researcher authored a treatise on infectious diseases , detailing new treatments and prevention methods .
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abstract
[noun]

a brief summary that presents the key points of a book, speech, etc.

Ex: The professor asked the students to read the abstracts of various articles before deciding which ones to delve into further .
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thesis
[noun]

a statement that someone presents as a topic to be argued or examined

Ex: The scientist proposed the thesis that the presence of a certain enzyme is correlated with the development of the disease .
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writings or books on a specific subject

Ex: The professor assigned readings from the literature on economic theories for the seminar .
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citation
[noun]

a line or sentence taken from a book or speech

Ex: The professor reminded the students to format their citations according to the APA style guide .
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(usually plural) anything that limits something

Ex: Despite its potential , the technology has certain limitations that need to be addressed for widespread adoption .
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a series of methods by which a certain subject is studied or a particular activity is done

Ex: The company 's success can be attributed to its innovative business methodology.
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an arrangement done in an intentionally random manner to yield unbiased results

Ex: Randomization is a key methodological technique in ensuring the validity of experimental results.
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parameter
[noun]

a limit that controls or defines how something should be done

Ex: Negotiations are ongoing to establish parameters for international trade agreements .
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an assessment made of a scientific or academic research by people who are engaged in the same subject area

Ex: Peer review helps maintain the integrity and credibility of scientific research and scholarly articles .
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the action of spreading information or news

Ex: Digital platforms have revolutionized the dissemination of artistic creations , allowing artists to reach a global audience .
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C1 Level Wordlist
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