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C1 Level Wordlist - Scholarly Research

Here you will learn some English words about scholarly research, such as "empirical", "correlate", "qualitative", etc. prepared for C1 learners.

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CEFR C1 Vocabulary
detectable
detectable
[Adjective]

able to be noticed or discovered

Ex: The slight fragrance of roses was barely detectable in the air. 
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empirical
empirical
[Adjective]

based upon observations or experiments instead of theories or ideas

Ex: The scientist relied on empirical data to support her hypothesis about climate change. 
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experimental
experimental
[Adjective]

relating to or involving scientific experiments, especially those designed to test hypotheses or explore new ideas

Ex: The experimental study investigated the effects of meditation on stress levels. 
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preliminary
preliminary
[Adjective]

occurring before a more important thing, particularly as an act of introduction

Ex: The preliminary investigation revealed important evidence for further examination. 
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qualitative
qualitative
[Adjective]

related to or involving quality of something, not numbers or amounts

Ex: The qualitative analysis of the artwork focused on its emotional impact rather than its monetary value. 
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quantitative
quantitative
[Adjective]

related to or involving numbers or amounts, not quality

Ex: The study used quantitative data to analyze the correlation between income and happiness. 
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scholarly
scholarly
[Adjective]

related to or involving serious academic study

Ex: The scholarly article thoroughly examines the historical context of the Renaissance period. 
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theoretical
theoretical
[Adjective]

relating to or based on theory or logical reasoning rather than practical experience or application

Ex: Urban planners relied heavily on theoretical models of traffic flow without real-world validation. 
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to correlate

to be closely connected or have mutual effects

Ex: The increase in exercise tends to correlate with improvements in overall health and well-being. 
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to disprove

to show that something is false or incorrect

Ex: The scientist conducted experiments to disprove the theory. 
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to self-report

to freely provide information about oneself, often related to personal experiences, behaviors, etc.

Ex: Participants in a research study may be asked to self-report their daily activities or feelings. 
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to verify
to verify
[Verb]

to examine the truth or accuracy of something

Ex: The software automatically verifies the integrity of the downloaded files. 
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apparatus
apparatus
[noun]

tools or machines that are designed for a specific purpose

Ex: The laboratory apparatus included microscopes, test tubes, and beakers. 
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carbon dating

a method used for measuring how old an organic material is by calculating the amount of carbon they contain

Ex: Carbon dating revealed that the ancient artifact was over 5,000 years old. 
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clinical trial

a controlled scientific experiment in which the effectiveness and safety of a medical treatment is measured by testing it on people

Ex: The new drug is currently undergoing a clinical trial to assess its safety and efficacy. 
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control
control
[noun]

someone or something that is used as a standard of comparison in a scientific experiment to evaluate the results

Ex: In the experiment, the untreated plants served as the control to compare the effects of the new fertilizer. 
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guinea pig

someone on whom scientific experiments are tested

Ex: The patients felt like guinea pigs in an unfinished drug trial. 
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pseudoscience

a set of practices or beliefs that are claimed to be scientific when in reality they have no scientific basis

Ex: Astrology is often regarded as pseudoscience because its claims are not supported by empirical evidence. 
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subject
subject
[noun]

someone or something on which a study or experiment is performed

Ex: The subjects in the clinical trial were closely monitored for any adverse effects of the new medication. 
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treatise
treatise
[noun]

a long and formal piece of writing about a specific subject

Ex: Isaac Newton's "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" is a famous treatise on physics. 
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abstract
abstract
[noun]

a brief summary that presents the key points of a book, speech, etc.

Ex: Before attending the lecture, I skimmed through the abstract to get an idea of what the speaker would discuss. 
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thesis
thesis
[noun]

a statement that someone presents as a topic to be argued or examined

Ex: In the debate, Sarah presented the thesis that stricter gun control laws would lead to a decrease in gun-related violence. 
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literature

writings or books on a specific subject

Ex: The library contains a vast collection of literature on art history and theory. 
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citation
citation
[noun]

a line or sentence taken from a book or speech

Ex: In academic writing, it is essential to provide proper citations for all sources used. 
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limitation

(usually plural) anything that limits something

Ex: The study's findings were influenced by several limitations, including a small sample size. 
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methodology

a series of methods by which a certain subject is studied or a particular activity is done

Ex: The researcher described the methodology used to gather data for the study. 
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randomization

an arrangement done in an intentionally random manner to yield unbiased results

Ex: Randomization is used in clinical trials to assign participants to different treatment groups. 
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parameter
parameter
[noun]

a limit that controls or defines how something should be done

Ex: The company policy sets strict parameters for employee conduct during business hours. 
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peer review

an assessment made of a scientific or academic research by people who are engaged in the same subject area

Ex: The manuscript underwent rigorous peer review before being accepted for publication in the journal. 
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dissemination

the action of spreading information or news

Ex: Effective dissemination of educational materials can empower individuals and communities to make positive changes. 
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