学术雅思（8 级及以上） - 景观与地理

a narrow passage of water connecting two larger bodies of water, often linking two seas or an inlet with a larger expanse of water

海峡

a large mass of ice that forms over long periods of time, especially in polar regions or high mountains

冰川

an expansive flat land covered in grass, scattered with trees, and found in tropical or subtropical areas

大草原

one of the imaginary lines between the North Pole and the South Pole, drawn on maps to help pinpoint a location

子午线

the arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area, including elevation, slope, landforms, and bodies of water

地形

a branch of science and art that consists of creating maps

制图学

a circular coral reef with a lagoon in the middle

环礁

a narrow, shallow watercourse, often flowing through a confined natural channel

小溪

a watercourse that flows into a larger river or body of water

支流

an area of soft, wet, low-lying land, typically characterized by grasses and other non-woody plants, and often found at the edges of lakes, rivers, or coastal areas

沼泽

a steep, high slope or cliff formed by erosion

悬崖

a hill with steep, flat sides and a flat top, often found in desert areas

台地

a large waterfall where water rushes forcefully over a height

瀑布

the round top of a volcano

火山口

the part of a river that is wide and where it meets the sea

河口

a steep, deep, and narrow sea inlet surrounded by tall cliffs, created by a glacier

峡湾

a natural hot spring that periodically erupts with a column of boiling water and steam due to underground volcanic activity

间歇泉

a narrow piece of land with water on each side that connects two larger areas

地峡

a shallow body of water separated from a larger body of water, often by a barrier island, coral reef, or sandbar

泻湖

a steep cliff or edge of a rock face, often with a significant drop

悬崖

a deep narrow valley with steep sides, usually worn by a stream

峡谷

the distance between an object or point and sea level

高度

a small, rounded hill or mound, often found in a grassy or wooded area

小山

an area of land, particularly in reference to its physical or natural features

地形

a large rock, usually one that has been shaped by natural forces such as water or ice

巨石

a beach or shoreline covered with small, smooth, rounded stones or pebbles, typically found along coasts or riverbanks

卵石海滩

a large, pointed piece of land that extends into a sea, ocean, or other large body of water

海角