a narrow passage of water connecting two larger bodies of water, often linking two seas or an inlet with a larger expanse of water
海峡, 水道
霍尔木兹海峡是油轮的重要通道，连接波斯湾和阿曼湾。
a large mass of ice that forms over long periods of time, especially in polar regions or high mountains
冰川, 永久冰
当冰川移动和变化时，破裂和隆隆的声音在山谷中回荡。
an expansive flat land covered in grass, scattered with trees, and found in tropical or subtropical areas
热带草原, 稀树草原
在巴西的塞拉多，一种草原类型，你可以找到适应该地区气候的独特动植物。
one of the imaginary lines between the North Pole and the South Pole, drawn on maps to help pinpoint a location
子午线, 经线
水手们依靠子午线在海上航行，利用天体来确定他们相对于这些假想线的位置。
the arrangement and physical features of a surface, including its natural and man-made elements
地形, 地形配置
卫星数据揭示了该岛崎岖的地形。
a branch of science and art that consists of creating maps
制图学
他研究了制图学以提高他的地图制作技能。
a circular coral reef with a lagoon in the middle
环礁, 中间有泻湖的圆形珊瑚礁
法属波利尼西亚的土阿莫土群岛以其广阔的环礁和充满活力的海洋生物而闻名。
a narrow, shallow watercourse, often flowing through a confined natural channel
小溪, 小河
潺潺的小溪为宁静的林地环境提供了舒缓的背景音乐。
a watercourse that flows into a larger river or body of water
支流, 附属河流
伏尔加河是欧洲最长的河流，由卡马河和奥卡河等支流维持，形成了遍布俄罗斯的广泛网络。
an area of soft, wet, low-lying land, typically characterized by grasses and other non-woody plants, and often found at the edges of lakes, rivers, or coastal areas
沼泽, 湿地
在春天，沼泽盛开着鲜艳的野花，创造出一幅色彩缤纷、如画般的风景。
a steep, high slope or cliff formed by erosion
陡崖, 悬崖
尼亚加拉悬崖横跨北美，影响着该地区的景观和生态。
a hill with steep, flat sides and a flat top, often found in desert areas
孤峰, 平顶山
南达科他州的布莱克山展示了几座孤峰，包括熊孤峰，这是一个被美洲原住民部落视为神圣的地方。
a large waterfall where water rushes forcefully over a height
瀑布, 大瀑布
船只不得不航行在棘手的航道中，并在被 formidable 瀑布 阻挡的河段周围进行搬运。
the round top of a volcano
火山口
游客们徒步走到火山口的边缘，观看下面的熔岩湖。
the part of a river that is wide and where it meets the sea
河口, 江口
河口是淡水与海水交汇的重要生态系统。
a steep, deep, and narrow sea inlet surrounded by tall cliffs, created by a glacier
峡湾, 冰川湾
由古代冰川雕刻而成，挪威的峡湾以深蓝色的水域和高耸的悬崖为特色。
a natural hot spring that periodically erupts with a column of boiling water and steam due to underground volcanic activity
间歇泉, 由于地下火山活动而周期性喷发的天然温泉
冰岛的大间歇泉是所有间歇泉的同名，可以将水喷射到70米高的空中。
a narrow piece of land with water on each side that connects two larger areas
地峡, 狭窄的土地
古代文明经常沿着地峡定居，因为它们在贸易和防御中具有战略意义。
a shallow body of water separated from a larger body of water, often by a barrier island, coral reef, or sandbar
泻湖, 礁湖
澳大利亚的大堡礁包括拥有多样化海洋生物的泻湖，为色彩斑斓的珊瑚和鱼类物种提供了栖息地。
a steep cliff or edge of a rock face, often with a significant drop
悬崖
徒步旅行者小心翼翼地接近悬崖以避免坠落。
a deep narrow valley with steep sides, usually worn by a stream
峡谷, 深谷
在暴雨期间，峡谷迅速充满了急流，形成了一股强大的溪流，更深地雕刻在景观中。
the distance between an object or point and sea level
高度
村庄位于山脚下，海拔1200米。
a small, rounded hill or mound, often found in a grassy or wooded area
小丘, 小山
野花覆盖了小丘，在春天创造了一个色彩缤纷、充满活力的展示。
an area of land, particularly in reference to its physical or natural features
地形, 风景
军事战略家们仔细研究了地形，以确定在战场上推进部队的最佳方法。
a large rock, usually one that has been shaped by natural forces such as water or ice
巨石, 大石头
施工队使用重型机械吊起了阻塞道路的巨石，为交通清除了道路。
