C2级单词表 - Law

在这里，您将学习到所有关于法律的基本词汇，这些词汇是专门为C2级别的学习者收集的。

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litigant

[名词]

(law) a person or party involved in a legal case

诉讼当事人, 诉讼中的一方

Ex: The small business owner found himself as a litigant in a contract dispute with a former partner over the terms of their dissolved agreement .这位小企业主发现自己在一场合同纠纷中成为了**诉讼当事人**，与一位前合伙人就他们已解除协议的条款发生了争执。

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punitive damages

[名词]

an extra financial compensation awarded in a lawsuit to punish the defendant for bad behavior and deter future wrongdoing

惩罚性赔偿, 惩戒性赔偿

Ex: The class-action lawsuit sought punitive damages against the pharmaceutical company for unethical marketing practices .集体诉讼针对制药公司的不道德营销行为寻求**惩罚性赔偿**。

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intestacy

[名词]

the condition of dying without a valid will, leaving the distribution of one's estate to be determined by the laws of intestate succession rather than specific instructions in a will

无遗嘱死亡, 无遗嘱状态

Ex: The family faced complications in settling the deceased 's affairs due to the absence of a will and the application of intestacy laws .由于没有遗嘱和**无遗嘱**法的适用，家庭在解决死者事务时面临复杂情况。

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bar

[名词]

the physical railing or barrier in a courtroom that separates participants from the judge

栏杆, 屏障

Ex: The defendant remained behind the bar until called to the stand .被告一直待在**栏杆**后面，直到被传唤到证人席。

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litigator

[名词]

a lawyer who specializes in bringing a lawsuit against people or organizations in a court of law

诉讼律师, 专门从事诉讼的律师

Ex: In the courtroom , the litigator presented persuasive arguments and effectively cross-examined witnesses to support their client 's case .在法庭上，**诉讼律师**提出了有说服力的论点，并有效地盘问了证人以支持其客户的案件。

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probable cause

[名词]

the reasonable suspicion that a crime has occurred or will occur

可能的原因, 合理的怀疑

Ex: The court determined that the anonymous tip provided sufficient probable cause for a search warrant .法院判定匿名提示为搜查令提供了足够的**可能原因**。

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barrister

[名词]

a legal professional qualified and licensed to advocate on behalf of clients in both lower and higher courts

Ex: As a barrister, he is known for his sharp legal mind and eloquent courtroom presentations .

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injunction

[名词]

a legal order from a court that requires a party to do or refrain from doing a specific action

禁令, 法院命令

Ex: The singer was granted an injunction against the paparazzi to protect her privacy .这位歌手获得了针对狗仔队的**禁令**以保护她的隐私。

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affidavit

[名词]

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

宣誓书, 书面证词

Ex: Falsifying information in an affidavit can result in serious legal consequences , including perjury charges .在**宣誓书**中伪造信息可能导致严重的法律后果，包括伪证指控。

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deposition

[名词]

a recorded testimony given outside of court by a witness or party involved in a legal case, used as evidence in future proceedings

证词, 录制的证言

Ex: The witness 's deposition was admitted as evidence during the trial , influencing the judge and jury .证人的**证词**在审判期间被采纳为证据，影响了法官和陪审团。

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notary

[名词]

an official authorized to conduct particular legal formalities, especially to make documents legally acceptable

公证人, 公共官员

Ex: The notary confirmed the identity of the signatories and witnessed the signing of the will in accordance with state law .**公证人**确认了签署人的身份，并按照州法律见证了遗嘱的签署。

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adjournment

[名词]

the temporary suspension or postponement of a legal proceeding or meeting

休会, 暂时中止

Ex: The attorney requested an adjournment to better prepare for the cross-examination of the witness .律师请求**休庭**以更好地准备对证人的盘问。

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acquittal

[名词]

an official judgment in court of law that declares someone not guilty of the crime they were charged with

无罪释放, 宣告无罪

Ex: Following the acquittal, the defendant was released from custody and allowed to resume their normal life .**无罪释放**后，被告被从拘留中释放，并被允许恢复正常生活。

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infraction

[名词]

the act of breaking or not obeying a law, agreement, etc.

违规, 犯罪

Ex: The company has a zero-tolerance policy for infractions of its code of conduct , enforcing strict penalties for violations .公司对违反其行为准则的行为采取零容忍政策，对违规行为实施严格处罚。

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indictment

[名词]

a formal accusation of a crime

起诉, 控告

Ex: Upon receiving the indictment, the defendant was arrested and taken into custody by law enforcement officers .收到**起诉书**后，被告被执法人员逮捕并拘留。

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parole

[名词]

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

假释

Ex: Parole offers offenders the opportunity for rehabilitation and reintegration into society under supervision, with the goal of reducing recidivism.**假释**为罪犯提供了在监督下康复和重新融入社会的机会，旨在减少再犯。

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subpoena

[名词]

a legal document issued by a court or administrative agency, compelling an individual to appear as a witness, produce certain documents, or provide testimony in a legal proceeding

传票, 法庭传唤

Ex: The court clerk prepared subpoenas for the employees who could provide essential information in the investigation .法院书记员为那些能在调查中提供关键信息的员工准备了**传票**。

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remit

[名词]

the process of sending a legal case from one court to another for review or resolution, often due to jurisdictional or procedural reasons

移送, 转交

Ex: The lawyer argued that a remit was crucial for a fair trial , as the current court lacked the appropriate jurisdiction .律师辩称，**移送**对于公正审判至关重要，因为当前法院缺乏适当的管辖权。

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tort

[名词]

a civil wrong causing harm, not a crime

民事侵权行为, 民事过失

Ex: The manufacturer was held liable for the tort of strict product liability after a defective product caused injuries .在缺陷产品造成伤害后，制造商被判定对严格产品责任的**侵权行为**负责。

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ordinance

[名词]

an official rule or order that is imposed by the law or someone with authority

法令, 条例

Ex: Violating an ordinance can result in fines or other penalties imposed by the local government .违反**法令**可能会导致地方政府处以罚款或其他处罚。

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to extradite

[动词]

to send someone accused of a crime to the place where the crime happened or where they are wanted for legal matters

引渡, 移交

Ex: The judge ruled that they could not extradite the accused without proper evidence .法官裁定，如果没有适当的证据，他们不能**引渡**被告。

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to adjudicate

[动词]

to make a formal decision or judgment about who is right in an argument or dispute

裁决, 判决

Ex: Last month , the mediator was persistently adjudicating conflicts between the parties .上个月，调解人坚持不懈地**裁决**各方之间的冲突。

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to annex

[动词]

to attach a document to another, especially in formal or legal writings

附加, annex的动词形式

Ex: Please remember to annex the receipts to your expense report for reimbursement .请记得将收据**附在**您的费用报告上以便报销。

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to exempt

[动词]

to officially excuse someone from a requirement or obligation

免除, 豁免

Ex: The government may exempt certain charitable organizations from paying income taxes .政府可以**免除**某些慈善组织缴纳所得税。

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to remand

[动词]

to send a case back to a court of lower authority for additional reconsideration or review

发回, 退回

Ex: The judge 's decision to remand the juvenile offender to a rehabilitation facility was aimed at providing appropriate intervention and support .法官决定将少年犯**送回**康复机构，旨在提供适当的干预和支持。

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to infringe

[动词]

to violate someone's rights or property

侵犯, 违反

Ex: The court found the defendant guilty of infringing the patent rights of a competing company .法院认定被告**侵犯**了一家竞争公司的专利权。

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witness tampering

[名词]

the act of unlawfully influencing or intimidating a witness in a legal case

证人干扰, 篡改证人证言

Ex: The investigation revealed multiple instances of witness tampering, leading to additional charges against the accused .调查揭示了多起**证人干扰**案例，导致对被告的额外指控。

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to perjure

[动词]

to lie in a court of law after officially swearing to tell the truth

作伪证, 在宣誓后说谎

Ex: The judge warned the jury about the consequences of asking witnesses to perjure during the trial .法官警告陪审团关于要求证人在审判期间**作伪证**的后果。

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to annul

[动词]

to invalidate a legal agreement

废除, 宣告无效

Ex: The parties sought to annul the contract after discovering that it had been signed under duress .在发现合同是在胁迫下签署后，各方试图**废除**合同。

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to co-sign

[动词]

to sign a document or agreement jointly with another person, taking equal responsibility for fulfilling its terms

联署, 共同签署

Ex: To help his friend secure the car loan, he agreed to co-sign the financing agreement, making him equally liable for the payments.为了帮助他的朋友获得汽车贷款，他同意**共同签署**融资协议，这使他同样对付款负有责任。

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C2级单词表 - Law