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Essential Vocabulary for TOEFL - Agriculture and Plants

Here you will learn some English words about agriculture and plants, such as "yield", "hay", "reap", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
agricultural
agricultural
[Adjective]

related to the practice or science of farming

Ex: Agricultural practices involve the growing of crops and raising of livestock for food production. 
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peasant
peasant
[noun]

a farmer who owns or rents a small piece of land, particularly in the past or in poorer countries

Ex: The peasant worked tirelessly in the fields, cultivating crops to feed his family and sell at the market. 
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to cultivate

to grow plants or crops, especially for farming or commercial purposes

Ex: The farm cultivates wheat to supply local bakeries. 
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to yield
to yield
[Verb]

(of a farm or an industry) to grow or produce a crop or product

Ex: The apple orchard typically yields a bountiful harvest each year. 
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harvest
harvest
[noun]

the amount of produce gathered from crops during one growing season

Ex: The wheat harvest this year exceeded expectations. 
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growing season

a time of the year during which the plants have good condition to grow

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plantation

a large piece of land used for growing sugar cane, coffee, tea, etc., particularly in a hot country

Ex: The plantation produced large quantities of sugarcane for export. 
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to raise
to raise
[Verb]

to grow or reproduce animals or plants

Ex: Farmers cleared the land in order to raise cattle. 
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to produce

to raise or grow something naturally, in large numbers

Ex: All our meat is locally produced. 
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to plow
to plow
[Verb]

to use a large farming equipment to dig the ground and make it ready for farming

Ex: The farmer plows the field in the spring to prepare for planting crops. 
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to reap
to reap
[Verb]

to cut or gather a crop

Ex: The farmers reap wheat from the fields during the summer harvest. 
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cereal
cereal
[noun]

any food product made from the starchy grains of cereal grasses

Ex: Flour, porridge, and cereal bars are all cereal products. 
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crop
crop
[noun]

all the fruit, wheat, etc. harvested during a season

Ex: The farmer harvested a large crop of corn this year. 
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wheat
wheat
[noun]

the common grain that is used in making flour, taken from a cereal grass which is green and tall

Ex: The recipe called for wheat to be ground into flour for making bread. 
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soy
soy
[noun]

a leguminous plant rich in protein, used for food, fodder, and protein replacement

Ex: Soy is a major source of plant-based protein. 
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sugar cane

a type of tall tropical plant that sugar can be extracted from its stems

Ex: The farmers grow sugar cane in large fields to produce sugar. 
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barley
barley
[noun]

a single seed or grain of the cereal plant barley

Ex: He picked a barley from the sack and examined it closely. 
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hay
hay
[noun]

cut and dried grass, for animals to feed on

Ex: The farmer stacked bales of hay in the barn for the winter. 
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vineyard
vineyard
[noun]

a piece of land on which grapes are grown to make wine

Ex: They visited a vineyard in France to learn about winemaking. 
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mill
mill
[noun]

a building in which flour is made out of grain

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ripe
ripe
[Adjective]

(of fruit or crop) fully developed and ready for consumption

Ex: You can enjoy the natural sweetness of a ripe peach by biting into it and letting the juice drip down your chin. 
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pest
pest
[noun]

an insect or small animal that destroys or damages crops, food, etc.

Ex: The farmer sprayed the field to control the pest. 
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pesticide
pesticide
[noun]

a type of chemical substance that is used for killing insects or small animals that damage food or crops

Ex: The farmer applied pesticide to protect his crops from harmful insects. 
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livestock
livestock
[noun]

animals that are kept on a farm, such as cows, pigs, or sheep

Ex: The farm had a variety of livestock, including cows, pigs, and sheep. 
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dairy
dairy
[noun]

milk and milk products that are produced by mammals such as cows, goats, and sheep collectively

Ex: She avoids dairy because she's lactose intolerant. 
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to fertilize

to increase productivity of the soil by spreading suitable substances on it

Ex: Gardeners fertilize their vegetable patches with compost to enrich the soil with nutrients. 
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fertilizer

a chemical or natural material that is added to the soil to improve its productivity and help plants grow

Ex: The gardener added fertilizer to the soil to help the plants grow strong and healthy. 
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barn
barn
[noun]

a large farm building used to keep animals and store crops or feed

Ex: The cows are inside the barn. 
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stable
stable
[noun]

a building, typically found on a farm, designed to house horses

Ex: The rancher built a new stable to accommodate the growing number of horses on the farm. 
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greenhouse

a glass structure used for growing plants in and protecting them from cold weather

Ex: They built a greenhouse to grow vegetables year-round. 
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to bloom
to bloom
[Verb]

(of a plant) to produce flowers and display them in full color

Ex: The rose bushes bloomed beautifully in the garden this summer. 
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bud
bud
[noun]

a part of a plant from which new flowers, leaves, or stems develop

Ex: The tree branches were covered in tiny buds, promising new leaves and flowers in the coming spring. 
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bush
bush
[noun]

a type of plant small in size with several stems in the ground

Ex: The garden was neatly arranged with colorful bushes, adding structure and vibrancy to the outdoor space. 
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weed
weed
[noun]

any wild and unwanted plant that may harm the process of growth in a farm or garden

Ex: After a few weeks of neglect, the garden was overrun with weeds, so she spent the afternoon pulling them out. 
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root
root
[noun]

the underground part of a plant that absorbs water and minerals, sending it to other parts

Ex: She carefully planted the new tree, ensuring that its roots were well spread out in the hole to encourage healthy growth. 
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palm
palm
[noun]

a tropical tree with a big trunk and feather-like or fan-shaped leaves

Ex: The palm trees swayed gently in the ocean breeze along the tropical coastline. 
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oak
oak
[noun]

a large tree, known for its strong wood and popular fruit

Ex: The ancient oak tree stood majestically in the middle of the forest. 
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