Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic - Test 2 - Reading - Passage 3 (2)

to record something in writing

a field of study that is typically taught in a university

the quality of thoroughness and accuracy in approach or analysis

aware of and responsive to one's surroundings

the creation of something in the mind

for the greatest part

the organized beliefs of a period or group or individual

well-known or easily recognizable due to importance, influence, or distinct features

to actively promote or publicize a product, service, or idea

involving a significant numbers of people or a vast area

an increase in the amount, size, importance, or degree of something

to fill someone with the desire or motivation to do something, especially something creative or positive

to consider something again in order to improve it or make a different decision

belonging or related to the Middle Ages, the period in European history from roughly the 5th to the 15th century

having multiple twists and turns

(of a space or area) filled with too many people or things, causing discomfort or lack of space

to lay things on top of each other

to find or discover something by searching for its features, characteristics, or details

functioning as a unified unit, with various parts or elements working together harmoniously

incoherent or chaotic in nature

a basic version of something, often created to outline or test ideas before the final version

a group of particular objects put together and considered as a whole

to make something by putting separate parts of something together

(of ideas, products, etc.) creative and unlike anything else that exists

to rebuild or reimagine something from the past, often using research or gathered information

in relation to or concerning someone or something

a hard layer of cement, stone, etc. that serves as the underground support of a building

to extend or pass in a specific direction

items made or produced for sale

grand and wast in scale, scope, or extent

ordered well

a low wall with alternating raised sections and indentations built along the top of a fortified structure for defensive purposes

bringing enjoyment and happiness

involving logical thinking or sensible reasoning

having the same quality, level, or effect throughout

in accordance with a particular style, tradition, or expectation

a method, product, way of doing something, etc. that is newly introduced

to be connected or joined in some way

positioned at a right angle to the horizon or ground, typically moving up or down

(of a place or space) located outside in a natural or open-air setting, without a roof or walls

a set of stairs inside a building including its surrounding side parts that one can hold on to

(of buildings) having many floors

not following established customs or norms

during a specific period in the past

used to emphasize or confirm a statement

to make use of a situation, opportunity, or resource in a way that benefits oneself or achieves a desired outcome

located on the inside part of a particular thing

to apply or utilize a device, tool, or method for a specific purpose

a collective of individuals united by shared beliefs or ideology, working toward general social, political, or cultural goals

left alone without interference or interruption

having a refined and graceful appearance or style

a very large, fancy, and beautiful house that usually belongs to someone very rich

the study, planning, and development of cities and towns, including how they are designed and organized

the act of changing the arrangement or setup of parts or elements into a different form or order

related to a style in art, design, literature, or architecture that uses new and simple ideas, moving away from old or traditional styles